The arterial circulatory system diseases are common in clinical practice, and their treatment options have been of great interest due to their high morbidity and mortality. Drug-eluting balloons, as a new type of endovascular interventional treatment option, can avoid the long-term implantation of metal stents and is a new type of angioplasty without stents, so drug-eluting balloons have better therapeutic effects in some arterial circulatory diseases and have been initially used in clinical practice. In this review, we first describe the development, process, and mechanism of drug-eluting balloons. Then we summarize the current studies on the application of drug-eluting balloons in coronary artery lesions, in-stent restenosis, and peripheral vascular disease. As well as the technical difficulties and complications in the application of drug-eluting balloons and possible management options, in order to provide ideas and help for future in-depth studies and provide new strategies for the treatment of more arterial system diseases.

Objectives Hypoxia is a physiological state characterized by reduced oxygen levels in organs and tissues. It is a common clinicopathological process and a major cause of health problems in highland areas. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the balance in autonomic innervation to the heart. It provides valuable information on the regulation of the cardiovascular system by neurohumoral factors, and changes in HRV reflect the complex interactions between multiple systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV. We summarize the different mechanisms of diseases caused by hypoxia and explore the changes in HRV across various systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant pharmaceutical interventions. Overall, this review aims to provide research ideas and assistance for in-depth studies on HRV. By understanding the intricate relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and other systems. Methods The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of hypoxia. Results There is a close relationship between heart rate variability and high-altitude hypoxia. Heart rate variability is an indicator that evaluates the impact of hypoxia on the cardiovascular system and other related systems. By improving the observation of HRV, we can estimate the progress of cardiovascular diseases and predict the impact on other systems related to cardiovascular health. At the same time, changes in heart rate variability can be used to observe the efficacy of preventive drugs for altitude related diseases. Conclusions HRV can be used to assess autonomic nervous function under various systemic conditions, and can be used to predict and monitor diseases caused by hypoxia at high altitude. Investigating the correlation between high altitude hypoxia and heart rate variability can help make HRV more rapid, accurate, and effective for the diagnosis of plateau-related diseases.

Cardiac microvascular injury can be a fundamental pathological process that causes high incidence cardiovascular diseases such heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. It is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress is a significant pathological process in which the body interferes with the balance of the endogenous antioxidant defense system by producing reactive oxygen species, leading to property changes and dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress is one of the major causes of cardiac microvascular disease. Therefore, additional investigation into the relationship between oxidative stress and cardiac microvascular injury will direct clinical management in the future. In order to give suggestions and support for future indepth studies, we give a basic overview of the cardiac microvasculature in relation to physiopathology in this review. We also summarize the role of oxidative stress of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial origin in cardiac microvascular injury and related drug studies. (Curr Probl Cardiol 2023;48:101399.)

As a serious cardiovascular complication, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to diabetes-related changes in myocardial structure and function, which is obviously different from those cardiomyopathy secondary to hypertension, coronary heart disease, and valvular disease. The clinical features of DCM are left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and impaired diastolic function. DCM will lead to cardiac dysfunction, eventually progress to cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. At present, the pathogenesis of DCM is complex and not fully elucidated, and oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory response, glucolipid metabolism disorder, etc., are considered as the potential pathophysiological mechanisms. As a consequence, there is no specific and effective treatment for DCM. OS refers to the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and scavenging, oxidation, and antioxidants in vivo, which is widely studied in DCM. Numerous studies have pointed out that regulating the OS signaling pathways and reducing the generation and accumulation of ROS are potential directions for the treatment of DCM. This review summarizes the major OS signaling pathways that are related to the pathogenesis of DCM, providing ideas about further research and therapy.

目的 探究应用重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)干预阈下抑郁受试者3w后的转归.方法 将符合纳入标准的30例患者按就诊顺序随机分为磁刺激组和对照组(假刺激组),每组15例.磁刺激组应用重复经颅磁刺激治疗仪进行干预,疗程3 w,每周连续治疗5次,每周定期评定1次;对照组应用和磁刺激组相同的治疗设备,但仅为假刺激,对照组前3 w,1次/w评定;第8w两组进行随访.两组均用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行评定分析,总体疗效标准为HAMD减分率.结果 治疗3w后,磁刺激组疗效有效率(100％)明显优于对照组有效率(26.67％)(P＜ 0.05),且磁刺激组SDS评分较治疗前下降明显(P＜0.05),与对照组同时间点组间进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);第8w随访磁刺激组疗效维持明显高于对照组.结论 (1)重复经颅磁刺激干预阈下抑郁受试者的HAMD、SDS的评分显著下降;(2)重复经颅磁刺激可明显降低病情加重风险.

阈下抑郁,一种尚未达到抑郁症诊断标准的抑郁水平,在人群中普遍存在,虽然目前不算是完整独立的疾病,但是却明显降低国民的生活质量.