Background. Chronic tonsillitis is the most common disease among children and adolescents in the structure of pathology of the ENT organs. Untimely diagnosis and irrational treatment lead to decompensation of chronic tonsillitis and the development of lesions of many organs and systems of the child’s body of tonsillogenic origin. The aim of the work was to study the clinical features and ultrasound changes of the palatine tonsils in adolescents with chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods. We have examined 47 children aged 13 to 17 years suffering from chronic tonsillitis: group I — 27 patients with compensated chronic tonsillitis, group II — 20 patients suffering from decompensated chronic tonsillitis. The control group consisted of 16 practically healthy children, representative in terms of age and gender. We used clinical methods, ultrasonography of the palatine tonsils, and statistical methods. The study was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee and it conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results. According to the results of an ultrasound examination of the palatine tonsils in children with chronic tonsillitis, the main changes were an increase in their transverse dimensions by more than 15 mm, deepening of lacunae, thickening of the capsule, fibrous changes. In addition, in patients with tonsillogenic lesions of the cardiovascular system and a decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis, the pathological signs of the disease according to ultrasound were more significant and were manifested by unclear contours, increased echogenicity, heterogeneous hyperechoic structure, diffuse fibrous and cystic changes of the palatine tonsils. Conclusions. Ultrasonography of the palatine tonsils is a non-invasive, painless, accessible and informative method for studying the structure of the tonsils in normal and pathological conditions. It allows for a more thorough assessment of their changes in compensated and decompensated forms of chronic tonsillitis.

The neonatal period is critical in the development of the microbiome and the gastrointestinal tract. That is, the microbiome regulates not only the processes that are associated with the basic functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but is associated with the content of vitamins and micronutrients, affects the development of the nervous and endocrine systems of newborns. Fortunately, microbiome and immunity of pregnant get ready the infant for his inevitable complications. Although preterm birth has been connected with bacterial colonization of the amniotic cavity for many years, the dogma of a sterile intrauterine environment during a normal pregnancy has appeared only recently. Numerous placental microbiome and the occurrence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity in normal pregnancy was demonstrated by metagenomic sequencing. The occurrence of microorganisms in intestine got from the operating room during resection of intestinal abnormalities immediately after birth and before feeding was also found in neonates born by caesarean section. In this literature review, we explore the update understanding of microbial colonization of the intestine and foundation of function of the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss how mother’s genital and extragenital pathologies, her diet, lifestyle, taking drugs during pregnancy form the microbiome of the fetus and its further development in the neonatal period. Also, equally important for the establishment of the neonatal microbiome are gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding and medication, including antibiotics. Therefore, in our opinion, the comparison of microbiota of a full-term newborn in vaginal birth and an infant born prematurely or by cesarean section is clinically significant for physicians in various fields. The study of changes in the microbial composition of the intestine is an important step in the diagnosis of pathological conditions in this period.

В работе освещаются пути повышения эффективности эхографического выявления образований надпочечников у онкологических больных после оперативных вмешательств по поводу опухолей различной локализации. Актуальность исследования связана с недостаточной разработанностью вопросов тактики обследования и лечения пациентов с образованиями надпочечников. Возможность метастатического поражения надпочечников определяет высокую клиническую значимость данной тематики. В связи с топографо-анатомическими особенностями надпочечников их эхографическое исследование затруднено. Перед врачами ультразвуковой диагностики стоит задача повышения информативности вышеуказанной диагностической манипуляции. В статье представлены результаты применения усовершенствованной методики ультразвукового исследования надпочечников. Обобщён многолетний опыт работы по обследованию онкологических пациентов III клинической группы. Показана эффективность применения внедрённой эхографической методики. В связи с ростом числа онкологических больных в последние годы всё большее значение приобретают вопросы организации их обследования. На основании обширного клинического материала авторами разработан алгоритм маршрутизации пациентов с подозрением на наличие образований надпочечников при диспансеризации в первичном медико-санитарном звене здравоохранения. Также предложен алгоритм маршрутизации пациентов III клинической группы в процессе диспансеризации. Практическое использование данных разработок способствует повышению эффективности реализации комплекса диагностических и лечебных мероприятий на районном и региональном уровнях оказания помощи онкологическим больным The paper highlights the ways to increase the efficiency of echographic detection of adrenal gland formations in cancer patients after surgical interventions for tumors of various localization. The relevance of the study is associated with insufficient development of issues of tactics for examination and treatment of patients with adrenal gland formations. The possibility of metastatic lesions of the adrenal glands determines the high clinical significance of this topic. Due to the topographic and anatomical features of the adrenal glands, their echographic examination is difficult. And the doctors of ultrasound diagnostics are faced with the task of increasing the information content of the above diagnostic manipulation. The article presents the results of the application of the improved technique of ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands. The long-term experience in the examination of oncological patients of the III clinical group is summarized. The efficiency of application of the implemented echographic technique is shown. Based on extensive clinical material, the authors have developed an algorithm for routing patients with suspected adrenal gland formations during clinical examination in primary health care. An algorithm for routing patients of the III clinical group in the course of clinical examination is also proposed. The practical use of these developments contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the district and regional levels of rendering assistance to cancer patients

Международный военно-технический форум "АРМИЯ", организатором которого выступает Министерство обороны России, отметил в нынешнем году пятилетний юбилей. VI форум "АРМИЯ-2020" состоялся спустя 14 месяцев после предыдущего – 23–30 августа, его центральные события проходили на трех традиционных площадках в Подмосковье: конгрессно-выставочном центре "Патриот-Экспо", на полигоне Алабино (сухопутный и водный демонстрационные кластеры) и аэродроме Кубинка. Кроме того, часть демонстрационных показов прошла на полигоне Ашулук в Астраханской области. Главной отличительной особенностью форума 2020 года стало его совместное проведение с Армейскими международными играми.

Introduction. The study of the concentration of main electrolytes in serum of blood and erythrocytes in neonates with impaired renal function due to asphyxia is important, because it allows determining violations of their content and balance, tactics of infusion and diuretic therapy. The purpose of the work is explore the features of the content and balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) in serum and red blood cells of newborns with disturbance kidney function due to asphyxia. Materials and methods. The study involved 200 term infants with signs of disturbance kidney function: 100 children who have suffered severe asphyxia, 100 children – with moderate asphyxia. Comparison group consisted of 20 infants without asphyxia at birth. The content of electrolytes determined by emission photometry, also expected ratios in pairs Na/K and Ca/Mg and transmembrane ratio of trace elements. Results and discussion. The critical period of formation electrolyte imbalances in neonates with impaired renal function due to moderate asphyxia is the early neonatal period, in case of severe asphyxia – all neonatal period. The feature of ischemic renal impairment in newborns is the development of serum hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, decrease the ratio of Na/K and increase Ca/Mg. Red blood cell pool of macroelements in case of neonatorum ischemic nephropathy is characterized by the growth of sodium level and deficiency of potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as growth transmineralisation Na/K ratio and decrease Ca/Mg. Growth transmembrane ratios relative to sodium and magnesium reflects their transport into the cell, and reducing ratios relative potassium and calcium indicates the predominance of these electrolyte transport in the extracellular fluid. Changes in serum and intracellular electrolyte content and balance must be considered during infusion therapy in infants with impaired renal function due to asphyxia.

Сумский государственный университет

Согласно разработанной Минпромторгом России Стратегии развития электронной промышленности Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года объемы производства в отрасли должны вырасти более чем в 2,5 раза. Планируется серьезно увеличить и показатели экспорта. За тот же период гражданский сектор электроники должен вырасти примерно в пять раз – с 940 млрд до 4,6 трлн руб.

The purpose of this study was to determine serum zinc, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium, calcium, and sodium levels in acute rotavirus infection and convalescence period in children.Materials and methods. We examined 86 patients aged from 4 months to 5 years with clinical and laboratory signs of rotavirus infection. The I group – 43 children with RVI in acute period. The II group – 43 children with RVI in convalescence period. The control group included 14 healthy children at the same age. The content of macro- and microelements (zinc, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium, calcium and sodium) in blood serum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Feces samples were used for Cito Test Rota (Pharmasco). Cito test was used for rotavirus antigen detection in feces. Statistical analysis was performed by Excel. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between study groups.Results. The acute period of the disease in children with rotavirus infection was characterized by a significant increase of copper in blood serum compared with the control group. At the same time, a significant decrease of iron, magnesium, zinc, potassium, calcium, sodium were determined in patients with rotavirus infection, compared with apparently healthy children. After standard treatment only the indicators of magnesium, potassium and sodium reached the same indices of control group children.Conclusions. The detected changes in the mineral status of patients with rotavirus infection suggest the need for treatment correction. Correction of micro- and macroelements imbalances in patients with rotavirus infection possibly should be aimed at the metallo-drugs inclusion in complex treatment as well as medicines which improve absorption of the latter in the intestine.

The results of engineering surveys in the area of the Mirny and Progress stations and fi eld base Molodyozhnaya are discussed in the paper. During the austral summer fi eld season of the 62nd RAE (2016/17) wide complex of the scientifi c and applied research has been carried out. It included the engineering, aerial photography, glaciological, drilling, geodetic and GPR investigations to ensure the safety of transport operations in the area of Russian stations Mirny and Progress (East Antarctica). The scientifi c tests to study sea ice have been carried out on the frozen water area of Nella Fjord, near Progress Station.

The aim of the study was to determine the blood pressure characteristics of school-age children, who were born by caesarean section. Materials and Methods. 75 school-age children ages from 12 till 16 years were investigated. They were hospitalized in the pediatric department with a diagnosis of vegetative dysfunction and with complaints of periodic increase in blood pressure. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 47 children, who were born by the usual way – vaginal delivery. The second group included 28 children, who were born by caesarean section. All children were investigated by 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. The daily, day and night mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were studied. The normal limit values for 50, 90 and 95 percentiles relative to height, age, gender were calculated for every child individually. The indices of physical development – weight, height, BMI were assessed. Results. The mean indices of daily (p = 0.03) and day (p = 0.013) systolic blood pressure exceeding 90 centiles has been observed more frequently in the group of children born by caesarean section. The value of night systolic blood pressure exceeded 50 centiles more often among children from the 2 group (p = 0.016). The level of night systolic (6.06 ± 1.27 %) and diastolic (7.89 ± 1.58 %) pressure decreasing in children who were born by cesarean section was significantly lower than in children who were born by usual way. Odds ratio of 4.28 (p = 0.01) showed the influence of the birth by cesarean section on overweight, and on daily systolic blood pressure increasing (4.27; p = 0.02). Effect of breastfeeding duration of less than 6 months on daily systolic blood pressure exceeding 50 centiles (4.59; p = 0.01) has been found. Conclusions. Birth by caesarean section led to a greater frequency of exceeding the systolic blood pressure according to its daily monitoring in adolescents with symptoms of vegetative dysfunction, as well as a lower level of night blood pressure decreasing. Overweight and short duration of breastfeeding may have been the factors that caused blood pressure changes in examined children.

The article presents basic features of the mineral metabolism in adolescent children suffering from chronic tonsillitis and secondary affection of the cardiovascular system in disease dynamics. Aim of this work was to study the dynamics of zinc, iron, potassium and magnesium in adolescents with disorders of the cardiovascular system and chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods. 63 patients with chronic tonsillitis were examined, among them -31 children suffered from chronic tonsillitis without pathology of the cardiovascular system (I group), 32-were patients with disorders of the cardiovascular system on the background of chronic tonsillitis (II group). Determination of concentration of trace elements of iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium in blood serum was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. The content of trace elements zinc, iron, minerals potassium and magnesium was analyzed. It breaches of macro-and trace element composition in the blood serum of children with chronic tonsillitis in the form of lower concentrations of iron and zinc in patients with damage to the cardiovascular system, and in patients without cardiac disease. It should be noted that children with tonsillogenyc cardiac lesions had a significant decrease in the level of macro-magnesium during hospitalization compared to children without cardiovascular pathology. After treatment, levels of such elements as iron, zinc, magnesium were not normalized. Moreover, significant changes were observed in patients with heart disease on the background of chronic tonsillitis. After the standard treatment, concentrations of iron and zinc in both groups, and magnesium in children from the second group remained at a low level, compaed with children without cardiac disease. Conclusion. The analysis of micro and macro elements in the serum of children with chronic tonsillitis, showed a significant decrease of iron and zinc concentration in the first days of hospitalization in both groups of respondents, and magnesium in children from the second group.

We described the clinical features of urination apraxia as oneof post-stroke cortical neurogenic disturbances of bladderfunction. Neurological and urological symptoms and the dataof urodynamic and neurophysiological studies in a patient withurination apraxia resulting from the right-hemispheric lesionin the projection of cingulate gyrus are demonstrated. Thedifferential diagnosis was carried out with the case of motordetrusor atony after stroke in the right temporal lobe and theinsula, and with the case of imperative urination after stroke inthe left frontal lobe in the projection of cingulate gyrus.