У статті розглянуто можливості використання інтернет-мемів як дидактичного інструменту на уроках природничо-математичного циклу, зокрема на етапі актуалізації опорних знань. Проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення поняття «мем» та обґрунтовано доцільність його застосування в освітньому процесі з урахуванням особливостей сучасного інформаційного середовища та специфіки сприйняття інформації здобувачами освіти. Визначено дидактичний потенціал мемів як засобу візуалізації навчального матеріалу, підвищення мотивації та активізації пізнавальної діяльності учнів. Окреслено вплив використання мемів на розвиток когнітивних процесів і формування критичного мислення. Подано приклади їх застосування під час організації навчальної діяльності учнів.

Для решения задач прогнозирования схода лавин необходимо рассматривать разные аспекты, в том числе топологию и растительный покров склонов. В данном исследовании выполнен анализ изменения растительного покрова в период с 2019 по 2024 годы для четырех лавиносборов Восточно-Казахстанской области. В исследовании применялись облачные вычисления на платформе GEE и метод машинного обучения Random Forest. Для создания карт растительного покрова использовались: спутниковые данные Planet Scope, состоящий из трех групп спутников, таких как Dove-C, Dove-R и Super Dove в четырех спектральных каналах (Blue, Green, Red и NIR); топографические данные проекта Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) с разрешением 30 м с сайта Геологической службы США (USGS). На основе алгоритма машинного обучения Random Forest была выполнена классификация растительного покрова и оценена точность классификации RF. Для классификации растительности использовались: спектральные индексы, слой Canopy Height и топографические индексы.

В статье описаны проблемы формирования мотивации учащихся на качественные знания, универсальные учебные действия, функциональную грамотность. Представлены факты, подтверждающие тенденцию к понижению учебной мотивации; описан план работы педколлектива по решению данной проблемы. Уточнено рабочее понятие учебной мотивации на основе пособий Л. Г. Петерсон, О. С. Анисимова, Ю. В. Агапова. Дано обоснование конкретных задач, которые решает и предстоит решать педагогическому коллективу МАОУ «СОШ No 104 г. Челябинска». Показана связь постановки целей и задач с предыдущей работой педагогического коллектива как региональной и федеральной инновационной площадки по темам, связанным с технологиями формирующего критериального оценивания и деятельностного метода Центра системно-деятельностной педагогики «Школа 2000...». Описаны проблемы, причины трудностей в работе учителя по формированию мотивации, представлены демотиваторы. Приведены аргументы необходимости создания ситуации успеха для каждого учащегося на основе высказываний В. А. Сухомлинского и Н. Е. Щурковой. Даны рекомендации учителям в форме таблицы для индивидуального выбора темы и методической продукции по конкретным направлениям развития мотивации. Описаны первичные результаты работы педагогов школы по теме учебной мотивации.

В работе проведена классификация растительного покрова с применением алгоритма Random Forest для оценки лавинного риска на примере лавиноопасных участков бассейна реки Пихтовка в Восточно-Казахстанской области. Использованы спутниковые данные Landsat 8 и 9, цифровая модель рельефа и производные слои — спектральные каналы, вегетационные индексы и морфометрические параметры. Обучение модели выполнено по таким категориям, как широколиственные деревья, хвойные деревья, травянистая растительность, кустарники, открытые земли, сельскохозяйственные угодья, водно-болотные угодья, застроенные территории, водные объекты и снежное/ледяное покрытие. В работе применён комплексный подход, включающий использование облачной платформы Google Earth Engine для автоматизированной обработки геопространственных данных. Обучающая выборка была сформирована на основе визуального дешифрирования спутниковых изображений и включала репрезентативные участки для каждого класса растительности. На основе полученной карты растительности выполнено картографирование лавиносборов и их пространственный анализ. Выявлена связь между типами растительности и потенциально лавиноопасными участками. Результаты показали, что лавиносборы преимущественно располагаются в зонах с травянистой и кустарниковой растительностью, где отсутствует плотный лесной покров. Интеграция входных данных обеспечила высокую точность классификации: общая точность составила 0,91, а разница между обучающей и тестовой выборками — 0,05, что свидетельствует о стабильной работе модели без существенного переобучения. Результаты классификации представляют ценность для пространственного анализа лавинного риска и разработки эффективных мер защиты в горных регионах.

Currently, serological tests are used in the diagnosis of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), but a more accurate diagnosis of the disease requires the most reliable modern methods of immunodiagnosis. This is important for timely diagnosis and prevention of this disease, especially in commercial production of goat milk. At the present stage, the practice of infectious diseases immunodiagnosis in animals includes the determination of cytokines 6 and 10. The discovered cytokines allow for a different view on the infectious disease pathogenesis, while the previously used diagnostic methods are not excluded from the veterinary practice. At present, during the restoration and renewal of the goat population, new breeds purchased in foreign countries have appeared, and with them have come new diseases not previously prevalent in the Russian Federation. Therefore, practicing veterinarians need to develop the most effective immunodiagnostic tests for these diseases and work out effective control and prevention methods, as well as to be able to assess the risks of new infections or mixt infections. Immunophenotyping is performed in various infectious animal diseases, and immunological monitoring is also possible.

Goat breeding products (especially dairy products) are of great importance in human dietetic nutrition. In this connection the studies into infectious diseases and maintaining of well-being in terms of especially dangerous and social infections of animals on the territory of Russia are essential. Epizootological monitoring of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in the Russian Federation has shown that the central regions, including the Urals region, are unfavourable for this disease. Diagnostic tests for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) are understudied, and there are insufficient data on treatment and prevention, for this reason, the topic of CAE studies is highly relevant and of key importance for clarifying the identification of the causative agent and blood changes in biochemical and haematological tests, when clinical signs of infection are present.

В статье рассматривается многолетний анализ снежного покрова Восточно-Казахстанской области, который играет ключевую роль в гидрологических и климатических процессах региона. Исследование направлено на изучение пространственно-временных изменений продолжительности снежного покрова и оценку их влияния на водные ресурсы и лавинную опасность. Для проведения анализа использовались спутниковые данные MODIS с индексом NDSI, охватывающие зимние сезоны с 2000 по 2022 год. Обработка данных выполнялась с применением алгоритмов в облачной среде Google Earth Engine. Для верификации результатов привлекались данные наземных метеостанций региона. Результаты исследования показали, что продолжительность снежного покрова существенно зависит от высоты местности. В высокогорных районах снежный покров остается стабильным на протяжении всего периода исследования, в то время как низменности демонстрируют значительные межгодовые колебания, связанные с глобальными изменениями климата. Это подтверждается сравнительным анализом данных спутникового мониторинга и наземных измерений. Полученные результаты имеют важное практическое значение и могут быть использованы для прогнозирования водных ресурсов и разработки эффективных мер по снижению лавинной опасности в регионе.

Acute respiratory diseases of infectious etiology of cattle occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation is estimated at several billion rubles annually. Very often, respiratory pathology in highly productive cows is associated with infections of the distal extremities, primarily with necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which cause significant economic damage by reducing the productivity of animals. An important pathogenetic factor affecting the development of diseases of the distal extremities in cattle (cattle) are infections of the respiratory tract. According to our long-term observations, all farms in which outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for respiratory infections of cattle, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea (VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3), respiratory syncytial infection (RSI), pasteurellosis, chlamydia, salmonellosis and others.

Bovine respiratory infections occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation, according to our estimates, amounts to several billion rubles a year. Very often, respiratory pathologies in highly productive cows are complicated by wound infections of the distal extremities, which primarily include necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which also bring economic losses to farms due to reduced animal productivity and culling of highly productive cows.The primary causecontributing to the development of wound infections of the distal extremities in cattle is respiratory infections. According to our long-term observations, all farms where outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for bovine respiratory infections, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea(VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3) and respiratory syncytial infection (RSI). Comprehensive prevention of wound infectionsof the dental extremities of cattle (cattle) should include mandatory prevention of respiratory infections. For complex prevention of mixed infection, we proposed the use of an ECHO (electrochemically activated) solution of neutral anolyte (ANK+) in the form of a fine aerosol in combination with the use of a plant-tissue preparation “Vidoral”, (Patent RU 2,625,022 C2 dated 11.07.2017, copyright holder of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education of the UralState Agrarian University ) with immunomodulatory properties.

The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Tajikistan notes in a monthly report that the risk of rabies infection and mortality is still high in Tajikistan. The state veterinary authorities on the ground carry out regular vaccination, registration, and certification of dogs, but not full coverage, which increases the risk of infection and mortality from rabies in Tajikistan, according to the monitoring of early warning. This work presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the ecological and epizootic situation of South-Eastern Tajikistan adjacent to nature reserves and state reserves and studies of the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci. The Khatlon region of South-Eastern Tajikistan has been affected by rabic infection, especially in recent years. In the study area, the role of carnivorous animals in the spread of rabies infection was studied, and a computer model of the spread of rabies in the territory of South-Eastern Tajikistan, in particular in the Khatlon region, was developed. The monitoring of rabies among carnivorous mammals was carried out on the territory of three nature reserves. The relationship between the disease of dogs, cats, and cattle was revealed. (C) 2021 INT TRANS J ENG MANAG SCI TECH.

According to current concepts, ruminal and metabolic acidosis occur due to feeding cattle mainly with preserved acidic feeds such as silage and haylage. However, errors in feeding are not the only etiological factor leading to acidosis. In some cases, metabolic acidosis in cattle can develop along with respiratory infection caused by viral and bacterial agents. The main pathological processes resulting from acute respiratory diseases of cattle are bronchitises, tracheites and pneumonias. When the respiratory tract is affected in cattle, hypoxia occurs, causing intoxication and, thus, leading to ruminal acidosis. As a result, vasoactive substances (bacterial endotoxins, histamine, lactate) enter the bloodstream, the vascular endothelium is damaged due to the simultaneous expansion of arterioles and compression of venules, blood fluid is perfused from the vessels into the surrounding tissues, the blood flow in the microcirculatory bed is disrupted. An important role in the disturbance of blood circulation in small blood vessels is played by circulating immune complexes representing the «antigen-antibody» complex. Low molecular weight circulating immune complexes settle in various organs and tissues of the body, lead to inflammation and damage the normal tissue structure. Most frequently, immune complexes affect the endothelium of blood vessels, renal glomeruli and joints. Distal limb vessels are primarily affected in cattle, leading to disturbance of skin trophism of the limbs and hooves, development of laminitis, while the hoof horn is weakly keratinized and cannot resist aggressive mechanical and chemical environmental factors. Damaged hooves are the gateway of infection for the agents of necrobacteriosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum), staphylococcosis (Staphylococcus spp.), streptococcosis (Streptococcus spp.) and other pathogens. In addition, favorable conditions evolve for the development of mixed infection due to reduction in the overall organism resistance, which is observed for both respiratory and distal limb infections.

According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Veterinary Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, veterinary authorities register, give passport and vaccinate dogs and cats, but not to the full extent, which increases the risk of infection and death of people and animals with the rabies virus. This article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation and the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci in Tajikistan’s regions close to big cities and areas under protection. Research and monitoring of the manifestation of rabies among carnivorous mammals in 4 regions of the country were carried out and the role in spreading of rabies infection was studied. As a result of study it was found that the most disadvantaged areas with high levels of rabies infection are Khatlon region and Central Tajikistan, and was explored connection between diseases of dogs and farm animals, especially cattle.

Abstract. The prevalence of coccidiosis diseases of various animal species has a global scale, so this problem has attracted the attention of veterinary specialists around the world. The purpose of this study was to study the specific features of the species composition and laboratory diagnostics of eimeriosis in young ruminants and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention when using drugs from different groups. The material for the study was goats and calves. The research was carried out on the basis of two farms of the same agricultural holding in the Sverdlovsk region. Diagnostics was performed based on clinical and laboratory studies. Results of the study. The main pathogens in the goat breeding complex in goats of different ages were identified: the main causative agent of coccidiosis in 120-day-old goats was Eimeria arloingi, which accounted for 54 % of all detected oocysts in the samples. Eimeriosis occurred as a mixed invasion of Eimeria arloingi with Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (33 %) and Eimeria intracata (13 %). Eimeria arloingi (68 %), in 21-days-old goats – Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (32 %). Eimeriosis caused by Eimeria bovis was detected in 30-days-old calves (100 %). The article describes the results of using various anticoccidial drugs in the treatment and prevention of eimeriosis. A comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of known coccidiostatics is given. The economic efficiency of different groups of drugs was evaluated. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the morphological and quantitative assessment of parasitocenoses in eimeriosis in young ruminants was carried out. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various traditional remedies and a new drug for the treatment of eimeriosis in calves and goats was carried out. Conclusion. Not all of the drugs used have the same therapeutic effectiveness both in terms of treatment time and the quality of elimination of the etiological factor.

The main goal of veterinary specialists is to prevent and eliminate particularly dangerous animal diseases, especially infections transmitted to humans. Listeriosis refers to natural focal diseases common to humans and animals and due to the fact that this infection can be asymptomatic, while the pathogen is stable in the environment, which is a risk of infection of animals and humans. The main task of veterinary specialists working in laboratories is to conduct research on regulatory documents and timely delivery of results. Laboratory diagnostics of animal listeriosis is the main link in preventing the spread of this disease, and proper selection and transportation of material can solve many problems of Listeria isolation and in some cases even reduce the time of diagnosis. The choice of the material research method also plays an important role.

The purpose of the research in the article is to study a specific infectious disease – hemophilous polyserositis of pigs, its spread in the territory of the Ural region. Epizootological analysis of Piglet morbidity was shown, laboratory studies were conducted, and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of this disease were made. Evaluation of the specific effectiveness of the plant - tissue immunomodulator “Vidoral” in the treatment of hemophilous polyserositis in pigs and increasing the protective activity of vaccines. The features of the development of the epizootic process in hemophilous polyserositis of pigs in the studied agricultural enterprises of two regions of the Ural region are characterized. The role and place of porcine hemophilous polyserositis among respiratory diseases of infectious etiology in the formation of the nosological profile of infectious pathology is determined. The drug Vidoral on a plant and tissue basis was theoretically justified and studied, and the effectiveness of its use in animals with hemophilous polyserositis in pigs was determined.