目的 了解长沙市岳麓区居民膳食结构和营养素摄入现况,为针对性开展营养健康教育提供参考依据.方法调查长沙市岳麓区3岁及以上居民2020年食物消费状况,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析各年龄组居民平均每标准人日膳食和营养素摄入量差异,并与2010-2013年中国居民营养与健康状况、中国居民膳食指南和膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较.结果 共计392人纳入数据分析,其中男性192人、女性200人,平均年龄(37.39±19.93)岁.2020年岳麓区居民平均每标准入日谷类(341.9 g)、大豆(33.6 g)、蛋类(39.9 g)和鱼虾蟹贝类(47.3 g)摄入量基本达到膳食宝塔推荐量;但薯类(19.5 g)、水果(34.9 g)、乳及乳制品(58.9 g)的摄入严重不足,畜禽肉类(159.7 g)、食用油(44.5 g)和盐(6.4 g)的摄入量超标.平均每标准人日营养素摄入量中,蛋白质、B族维生素、维生素E、钠、磷、铁的摄入量达到了推荐摄入量(RNI)要求,碳水化合物和脂肪供能比分别为41.3％和45.0％,比2012年全国平均水平下降了 13.7％和上升12.1％.不同年龄组中,18～64岁人群各种营养素摄入达标比较低,其能量摄入仅1 821.0 kcal.结论2020年长沙市岳麓区居民大豆、坚果、动物性食物和盐摄入状况有所改善,但整体膳食结构不合理和各年龄组营养素摄入分布不均的问题仍然存在,应继续加强"减油减盐"宣教,引导居民增加薯类、蔬果和奶类的摄入量.

Objective To understand the pollution status of Listeria monocytogenes(LM)in different categories of commercial food products in Hu'nan Province,and provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases and food safety supervision.Methods In 2014 to 2021,12 046 food samples from 15 categories were randomly selected in 14 cities and prefectures in the province to carry out LM testing,and SPSS software was used to test the LM pollution in different food characteristics in urban and rural areas.Results A total of 12 046 commercially available food samples were collected,with 297 testing positive for LM,resulting in an overall detection rate of 2.47％.There was a statistically significant difference in LM detection rates among different quarters(x2=18.652,P＜0.001).The second quarter had the highest detection rate(3.24％),presenting a risk 1.6 times higher than that of other quarters(95％CI:1.246～1.983,P＜0.001).The detection rate of LM in bulk food was higher than that of pre-packaged food,and the difference was statistical significant(P＜0.001).The detection rate of edible fungi and their products(9.17％)among different categories of food in urban areas was the highest,and the risk of LM pollution was 4.1 times that of other food categories(95％CI:2.168～7.674,P＜0.001),followed by meat and meat products(7.13％)and frozen rice and noodles(3.74％).The top three foods with LM detection rate in rural areas were edible fungi and their products(44.44％),quick-frozen rice and noodles(5.88％),and meat and meat products(4.48％).Among meat and meat products,the risk of LM contamination of prefabricated meat products and frozen livestock meat was 52.5 times and 36.1 times that of cooked meat products(P＜0.001).In addition,the detection rate of this bacteria in food in the circulation link is higher than that in catering services(x2=56.654,P＜0.001),the detection rate of food in wholesale markets is the highest(11.54％),and the pollution risk was 5.2 times than that of other places(95％CI:1.553～17.423,P=0.025).Conclusion LM contamination exists in commerical food in Hu'nan Province,especially in edible fungi and prefabricated meat products.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and serotype distribution of foodborne disease pathogens in Hunan Province, to provide a reference for accurate prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Information on active surveillance cases of foodborne diseases from 2017 to 2021 from 18 sentinel hospitals in Hunan Province were collected, and fecal/anal swab specimens were collected for specific pathogen testing. Comparison of the detection of different characteristic pathogens was performed using the χ~2 test. Results A total of 12 579 fecal or anal swab specimens were collected, with a total pathogen detection rate of 21.26%, including Salmonella（8.68%）, Norovirus（8.52%）,Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli（DEC）（4.35%）, Vibrio parahaemolyticus（0.66%）, and Shigella（0.06%）. In terms of seasonal distribution, the three foodborne pathogenic bacteria except Shigella had the highest detection rate in the third quarter（P＜0.001）, and that of Norovirus was the highest in the first quarter（ χ~2=250.915, P＜0.001）. Salmonella Typhimurium accounted for the largest proportion（63.34%） in Salmonella, which mainly occurred in children under 5 years old. Norovirus had the highest detection in the age group of 5 to 17 years, and the main viral pathogen was GⅡ（68.53%）. Positive cases of common pathogens suspected exposure was food grains and their products（15.77%）, meat and meat products, and fruits and their products（14.91%）. Homemade（34.35%） and bulk suspicious food（24.52%） was the main processing and packaging methods.Conclusion Salmonella and Norovirus are the main pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in Hunan Province, with obvious seasonality and high incidence in children and adolescents. Active surveillance should be continued, and food safety knowledge publicity of dominant bacteria should be promoted in key populations.

目的:分析进口冷链食品严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)暴露的风险,提出预防食品污染、管理食品安全风险的干预措施.方法:收集进口冷链食品SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性的所有案例,分析疫情暴发至2021年1月SARS-CoV-2污染的食品核酸检测阳性的时间、样本、食品种类和来源国的分布,评估食品传播新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的潜在风险.结果:中国通报的224起进口冷链食品SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性案例发生时间分布不均衡,主要集中在2020年11月-2021年1月,其中来源于阿根廷、巴西、俄罗斯、印度等国家进口的冷链食品居多;以冷冻海鲜检出核酸阳性的次数最多,占总阳性案例的37.95％(85/224);检测样本以食品外包装(共125起)暴露风险最大,并有向食品内包装、产品、运输工具食品和周围环境扩大污染范围的迹象.结论:从新冠肺炎疫情严重的国家进口食品和在卫生状况差的经营场所销售食品均存在SARS-CoV-2污染的风险,且冷链物流的低温条件增加了病毒留存,建议加强对进口冷链食品从生产到销售全环节的管控,发挥我国进口冷链食品集中监管专仓的预防性全面消毒和核酸检测的作用.