核心素养导向下的"大单元教学"是当前教学深度改革的方向,本文以水平一非移动性技能大单元教学设计为对象,从设计理念、内容、步骤等阐明单元设计过程,构建非移动性技能教学体系,引导学生在真实情境中发现问题、分析问题与解决问题,激发深度学习参与、掌握结构化知识与技能、形成高阶体育思维,助力学生学习更复杂的运动技能.

现有规划方法未充分考虑分布式光伏电站(DPVG)出力与电动汽车充电站(EVCS)充电负荷的随机特性,针对该问题,文中首先基于场景概率法进行概率潮流分析,并建立基于机会约束的DPVG-EVCS联合规划模型,在确保配电系统运行工况满足机会约束的前提下,优化DPVG与EVCS的建设位置与容量,降低配电系统网损.然后,采用基于遗传算法(GA)的协同进化算法(CA)求解DPVG-EVCS联合规划模型,将待求优化问题分解为EVCS规划子问题与DPVG规划子问题,采用GA进行求解,并通过生态系统协同2个GA种群进化,直至获得待求优化问题的最优解.最后,搭建IEEE 33节点配电系统进行仿真,结果表明文中所提模型可获得合理的规划方案,且CA求解效率高,可显著提升规划人员工作效率.

Simultaneous deployment of the electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and distributed photovoltaic stations (DPVSs) in the distribution systems is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable power adoption, and achieve sustainable development in energy utilization. In this context, how to deploy the EVCSs and DPVSs in the distribution systems with a reasonable scheme is of great importance. In this article, a joint planning model is developed to optimize locations and capacities of the EVCSs and DPVSs simultaneously to reduce energy losses in the distribution systems. In the joint planning model, constraints on bus voltage deviations and line currents are both formulated as chance constraints to ensure that the distribution systems are in reasonable operating statues. To quantify these two chance constraints, a scenario-based method is developed to calculate the probabilistic power flow of the distribution systems during a typical planning day, in which random characters of the DPVS generations and the EVCS charging loads are both considered. The joint planning model of the EVCSs and DPVSs developed in this article is difficult to be solved by mathematical optimization methods. Therefore, genetic algorithm (GA) is customized and utilized to solve the joint planning model of the EVCSs and DPVSs. Finally, a case study based on IEEE 33-bus distribution systems validates the joint planning model and its solving algorithm.

针对分布式光伏接入背景下的电动汽车(Electric Vehicle,EV)充电网络规划问题,建立了同时考虑分布式光伏出力与EV充电负荷随机特性的机会约束规划模型.首先,采用场景概率法分析配电系统规划典型日内的概率潮流特性.在此基础上,给出EV充电网络机会约束规划模型中的节点电压偏移机会约束与线路潮流越限机会约束.在充电站建设总数和最低建设容量给定的情况下,模型通过优化充电站的建设位置和建设容量,尽可能降低配电系统的网损.采用遗传算法对EV充电网络机会约束规划模型进行求解.此外,为提高遗传算法的寻优性能,面向EV充电网络机会约束规划模型的物理特征,对遗传算法中的变异操作算子和交叉操作算子进行了改进.基于IEEE 33节点配电系统的仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性.

建立了考虑电动汽车充电负荷随机特性的充电网络多目标规划模型,对充电站建设地址和容量进行优化.采用蒙特卡洛法对充电站规划典型日内的充电负荷进行模拟,并在此基础上采用场景概率法进行配电系统概率潮流分析.基于概率潮流分析结果,将规划模型中的配电线路潮流约束与节点电压约束建模为机会约束.此外,模型同时考虑充电服务能力最大与配电系统损耗最低2个不同维度的优化目标,采用模糊数学方法将其转化为基于最大满意度的单目标优化模型,并采用遗传算法求解.基于25节点交通网络和IEEE 33节点配电系统的仿真实验验证了所提模型和方法的有效性.

提出了一种同时考虑分布式光伏出力和电动汽车充电负荷随机特性的配电系统场景概率潮流分析方法.首先,在考虑车主交通行为与充电模式随机特性的基础上,采用蒙特卡洛模法对充电站典型日内的充电负荷进行模拟,给出充电负荷曲线集.接着,采用K-means聚类分别对充电负荷曲线集和光伏历史出力曲线集进行聚类,给出充电负荷和光伏出力的概率场景集,并以此为基础构建潮流分析场景集.最后,采用前推回代法进行所有场景下的配电系统潮流分析.按场景概率对潮流结果进行汇总,给出概率潮流分析结果.基于IEEE 33节点配电系统的仿真计算验证了所提模型及方法的有效性.

2016年12月11日,中共中央办公厅、 国务院办公厅于印发 《关于全面推行河长制的意见》,《意见》(以下统称意见)指出,由一些地区积极探索的由党政主要领导担任河长的河长制,是完善水治理体系、保障国家水安全的制度创新,将全面推行河长制.这标志着"河长制"改革由地方治理水环境的先进经验上升为全国水环境治理方略.推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化是全面深化改革的总目标,着俨然已经成为我国各项体制改革的出发点和落脚点,一时间,关于河长制的研究引起了学界的关注."河长制"作为一种制度创新在水环境治理领域取得的成绩十分令人瞩目,但是这样一项新生制度也被学界质疑发"短期效应"、"人治主义色彩浓厚"等负面效应.本文基于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的视角探究"河长制"改革的若干问题,为水环境治理体系和治理能力现代化提出几点合理化建议.

进入21世纪后,社会信用体系建设得到快速发展,创新信用应用成为推进社会信用体系建设的有力抓手.目前,信用应用创新主要体现在“地方信用分”、“信易+系列”等信用产品以及推出的“联合奖惩机制”创新信用管理模式等方面.但在信用应用创新过程中还依然存在法律法规依据不足、信用评价标准不统一、数据共享壁垒等一系列问题.因此,优化信用相关法律制度和政策环境、完善数据共享机制、探索创新信用信息应用路径可作为社会信用体系建设背景下创新信用应用的有效措施.

随着城市经济发展和产业结构调整,大量旧工业建筑因失去生产功能而被废弃和闲置.认识旧工业建筑与城市更新的关系,研究其绿色化改造设计更新方法,已经成为我国城市建设中需要面对的新问题.依据旧工业建筑绿色化改造设计策略,结合兰州市寒旱地区气候特点,以兰州市木器厂装配车间为例,从室外微气候优化、内部功能置换、维护结构节能改造、废旧工业元素保留四个角度入手,进行绿色化改造设计.以Ecotect、CFD软件计算对比装配车间改造设计前后的风环境、光环境、热环境,对绿色化改造设计成效进行验证,进而探索适宜兰州市的旧工业建筑绿色化改造设计策略.

To maximize the charging service capability and operational efficiency simultaneously, a method is proposed to optimize the locations of electric vehicle charging station(EVCS) and the numbers of charging piles installed in each EVCS. For EVCS network, the charging service capability can be quantified by the traffic flow captured by the EVCS network, and the operational efficiency can be measured by the matching extent between the traffic flow captured by each EVCS and the number of charging piles equipped in each EVCS. The EVCS network planning is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is decoupled into two single-objective optimization problems that are solved in turn. Firstly, the locations of each EVCS are optimized by genetic algorithm to enhance service capability of the EV charging network. Secondly, the charging piles equipped in each EVCS are optimized by solving a nonlinear integer programming to improve operational efficiency of the EV charging network. At last, the simulation results of a 25-node traffics system demonstrate that: 1) the presented model and method is effective, which can provide a reasonable EVCS network planning; 2) maximum endurance mileage of the EV has significant impacts on the EVCS network planning, which should be the crucial factor in the EVCS network planning.

T his paper describes an innovative value chain including know ledge innovation stage and product innovation stage .First ,the paper estimates innovation efficiency using data envelopment analysis .The value chain spillover and spa‐tial spillover are integrated into the same innovation analysis framework .And using spatial econometric model to analyze multidimensional spillover effects of innovation efficiency in following four resigons :yangtse river delta ,Beijing -Tianjin-Hebei ,five provinces of middle China and seven provinces of w estern .Innovation efficiency betw een different stages of the innovation value chain have positive spillover effects .And the stronger is the innovation vitality ,the more significant is the spillover effects .Knowledge innovation efficiency and product innovation efficiency both have significant spatial spill‐over effect .The degree of influence is growing from west to east .Otherwise ,stimulating the vitality of the regional mar‐ket ,enriching the connotation of innovation networks are universal in different areas .In order to establish innovation eco‐system and improve innovation efficiency ,we should take up measures from internal and external innovation ecosystems . Internal innovation ecosystem ,opening up channels of cooperation and improving the innovative service platform are neces‐sary .External the innovation ecosystem ,we have to determine a reasonable system boundary and adopt difference policy .

The study of behavior of enterprise's selection of cooperative partner on network's perspective is a new frontier.Enterprise is embedded in specific network, social capital is essential property of inter-enterprise network, has closely connection between behavior of enterprise's selection of cooperative partner.This article, which is based on network's perspective,the survey is conducted among 100 enterprises which is randomly selected between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Analyze the impact mechanism of enterprise's selection of cooperative partner and the inner structure in three dimensions of social capital(relational dimension, cognitive dimension, structural dimension) by structural equation mode, it turned out that the efficiency of enterprise's selection of cooperative partner depends on how the three dimensions mutually collaborate,then relational dimension plays an intermediary role.

京津冀协同发展上升为国家战略,协同创新是突破京津冀发展瓶颈、促进区域协同发展的关键与引擎.从创新主体、创新环境、网络资源(社会资本)三方面分析京津冀区域协同创新的驱动因素,并相应提出“明确定位,强化主体功能”“聚焦生态,完善创新环境”“丰富网络,增殖社会资本”对策建议,推进京津冀区域协同创新的进程,最终形成一个创新主体更广泛、创新网络更紧密、创新环境更优化的开放性区域创新生态系统.

高校宿舍是大学生的第二课堂和思想政治教育的重要阵地,加强高校宿舍管理是养成学生良好习惯,提高学生综合素质的重要保障.本文将展示"6+1"管理模式的创新运用及其对促进学生自我管理、团结共进、和谐氛围营造等多方面的重要意义.

Recently, more and more people love and recognition personalized map with its unique form of language and rich cultural connotation, and design personalized map.Thus, summarized the status quo of the development of personalized map, and clarified the concept, characteristics, classification of personalized map, provide some reference and help for the design of personalized map in the future.

近年来在网购快递行业的迅速发展的同时,暴露出了资源利用和管理等方面的诸多问题.文中随机收集了安徽省及其周边地区的10家快递公司的投入和产出等方面的相关数据,通过数据包络分析法研究每家公司的运营效率,发现多家公司存在着运营规模过小或者投入冗余的现象,并对此建议其适当提高规模,减少不合理投入以提高利润.

随着经济全球化进程的加快,跨国公司在国际经济活动中扮演了越来越重要的角色。本文欲从跨国公司的基本概念入手,论述我国对于跨国公司母公司对子公司责任承担的立法状况以及在存在的问题,提出了有关如何完善我国有关法律制度的见解。