Compartmentalization is a powerful concept to integrate multiscale components with diverse functionalities into miniature architectures. Inspired by evolution-optimized cell compartments, synthetic core-shell capsules enable storage of actives and on-demand delivery of programmed functions, driving scientific progress across various fields including adaptive materials, sustainable electronics, soft robotics, and precision medicine. To simultaneously maximize structural stability and environmental sensitivity, which are the two most critical characteristics dictating performance, diverse nanoparticles are incorporated into microcapsules with a dense shell and a liquid core. Recent studies have revealed that these nano-additives not only enhance the intrinsic properties of capsules including mechanical robustness, optical behaviors, and thermal conductivity, but also empower dynamic features such as triggered release, deformable structures, and fueled mobility. In this review, the physicochemical principles that govern nanoparticle assembly during microencapsulation are examined in detail and the architecture-controlled functionalities are outlined. Through the analysis of how each primary method implants nanoparticles into microcapsules, their distinct spatial organizations within the core-shell structures are highlighted. Following a detailed discussion of the specialized functions enabled by specific nanoparticles, the vision of the required fundamental insights and experimental studies for this class of microcarriers to fulfill its potential are sketched. Bio-inspired microcarriers facilitate the storage and on-demand delivery of actives, propelling scientific advancements across a spectrum of fields. Through the compartmentalization of nanoparticles, the dense-walled and fluidic-cored microstructures emerge as a versatile platform, offering programmable functions with minimal impact on host materials or the environment. This review centers on nanoparticle-empowered capsules and highlights the pathway toward microcarriers with superior intelligence and performance. image

综述了以聚碳硅烷为SiC陶瓷前驱体聚合物制备SiC纤维、SiC陶瓷及其复合材料的研究进展及存在的问题,并对聚碳硅烷制备SiC陶瓷材料的未来研究发展方向进行了展望.

以SiC粉和硅粉为原料,原位合成的Cr 2 O 3 为催化剂,采用催化氮化法制备了Si 3 N 4 /SiC耐火材料,研究了催化剂用量及氮化温度对耐火材料物相组成、微观形貌、物理性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当氮化温度为1 673K,Cr 2 O 3 含量（与硅粉质量之比,下同）为3%时,硅粉完全氮化,耐火材料主要由颗粒状SiC和晶须状α-Si 3 N 4 、β-Si 3 N 4 等组成;随着Cr 2 O 3 含量的增加,Si 3 N 4 晶须的数量增多,长度增大,耐火材料变得致密;随氮化温度的升高,耐火材料的抗折强度和耐压强度均增大,当氮化温度为1 673K、Cr 2 O 3 含量为3%时,抗折强度和耐压强度均最大,分别为34MPa和132MPa。

Si3N4/SiC composites were prepared by a catalytic nitridation method usingin situ formed NiO nanoparticles (NPs) as a catalyst. The room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the as-prepared composites were investigated. The results show that the as-prepared Si3N4/SiC composite has the maximum cold compression strength (σCCS) of 131.0MPa and modulus of rupture (σMOR) of 24.6MPa with NiO NPs as a catalyst. The high-temperature MOR (σHMOR) of the as-prepared composite firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the temperature. The maximumσHMOR is obtained at 1573 K. TheσHMOR of the as-prepared composite even at 1673 K is still greater than that of the composite at room temperature. The residual strength holding ratio of the as-prepared composites is approximately 50％ at 1573K, indicating that the prepared Si3N4/SiC composite has the superior thermal shock resistance. The initial oxidation temperature of the prepared composite is 1173 K, and the oxidation resistance of Si3N4/SiC composite prepared with NiO nanoparticle catalyst is greater than that of the sample without catalyst. The prepared composite has a well resistance to cryolite corrosion. The formation of Si3N4 whiskers with NiO nanoparticles catalyst is promoted, and the Si3N4 whiskers is distributed in aggregates to form a network-like structure, so that the performance of composite material is improved.

以SiC粉和硅粉为原料,原位合成的Cr2O3为催化剂,采用催化氮化法制备了Si3N4/SiC耐火材料,研究了催化剂用量及氮化温度对耐火材料物相组成、微观形貌、物理性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当氮化温度为1673 K,Cr2O3含量(与硅粉质量之比,下同)为3％时,硅粉完全氮化,耐火材料主要由颗粒状SiC和晶须状α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4等组成;随着Cr2O3含量的增加,Si3N4晶须的数量增多,长度增大,耐火材料变得致密;随氮化温度的升高,耐火材料的抗折强度和耐压强度均增大,当氮化温度为1673 K、Cr2O3含量为3％时,抗折强度和耐压强度均最大,分别为34 MPa和132 MPa.

The assembly of nanocrystals into ordered structures, called supercrystals or superstructures, has become a pivotal frontier due to the numerous beneficial implications such as correlating atom arrangements in macroscopic crystals and tuning collective properties demanded by various applications. In this article, recent progress in the preparation of three-dimensional superlattices of nanocrystals is outlined with a particular emphasis on the driving forces and evolution routes beyond orderly assembling. Firstly, the leading or repulsive forces that internally and externally govern the formation of three-dimensional supercrystals are systematically sorted out and discussed with respect to their origins and functions for the three-dimensional self-organization. Then a synoptic introduction of commonly applied means for nanocrystal self-assembly is presented based on the growth scenarios, such as droplet evaporation and liquid/liquid interface concomitant with specific cases and detailed analyses. In the end, the existing challenge and perspective in this field are briefly highlighted.