卵巢癌是致命的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,具有早期诊断困难、复发率和死亡率高等特点.尽管大多数患者在积极治疗后达到临床缓解,但超过80％的患者可能会发生耐药复发,且通常伴有淋巴结以及广泛腹腔转移.因此,亟需寻找卵巢癌治疗的新策略以延长患者的生存期及减少复发.近红外荧光免疫治疗(near-infrared photoimmunotherapy,NIR-PIT)是一种新型的分子靶向疗法,其主要结合抗体靶向肿瘤的特异性和光吸收染料暴露于近红外光后引起的毒性诱导高特异性的细胞免疫原性死亡,在肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗和耐药中发挥重要作用.综述NIR-PIT抗肿瘤作用的机制及其在卵巢癌中的研究进展.

N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)是哺乳动物细胞中最广泛的mRNA修饰,其过程也是可逆的.YTH结构域家族蛋白2(YTHDF2)作为m6A的阅读器之一,主要负责识别和结合含m6 A的RNA,通过执行不同的功能来确定m6A修饰RNA的代谢途径.YTHDF2上游和下游靶点在不同的恶性肿瘤类型中相继出现,并且YTHDF2几乎参与恶性肿瘤进展的各个方面.本文综述近年来YTHDF2与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展,并为未来鉴定其他RNA修饰的阅读子蛋白提供参考,为恶性肿瘤的靶向治疗提供新思路.

免疫治疗是近年来的热门研究领域.PD-1/L1抑制剂通过阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,阻断负向调控信号,使T细胞恢复活性,从而增强免疫应答.PD-1/L1抑制剂包括纳武利尤单抗、帕博利珠单抗、替雷利珠单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、信迪利单抗等.研究表明,PD-1/L1抑制剂单药或联合其他治疗方案能够提高胃癌患者总生存率.

近年来,随着精准医学的发展,出现很多肿瘤诊疗的新方法,而精准医疗的基础是实现分子靶向治疗,分子成像技术的应用使其得到进一步的升华,可对活体动物体内特定的基因、细胞、分子及药物进行非侵入性的连续性体内监测,被广泛应用于肿瘤的诊断、治疗及新药研发筛选等领域.本文主要综述分子放射性核素成像、磁共振成像、超声成像、生物发光成像和近红外荧光成像的成像方式及其在肿瘤诊断、治疗中的作用,为肿瘤诊疗提供一个新思路.

Abstract Background: Long non-coding RNAs ( lncRNAs) are pivotal regulatory factors in gastric cancer advance and affect patients' prognosis. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) have been implicated in the advancement of lung and liver cancers, but not gastric cancer. Therefore, identifying CRLs with predictive relevance in gastric cancer is critical.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided RNA sequencing and clinical data, whereas genes were collected from other published publications. We assigned TCGA data to two groups: training and testing. For training cohort, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to create a prognostic CRLs model, while testing cohort and entire cohort were administered to authenticate prognostic signature. Likewise, nomogram was utilized to forecast the outcome of various clinical pathologic phases and risk scores. Finally, a Co-expression network was used to find lncRNAs linked to cuproptosis.Results: On the basis of univariate Cox regression analysis, the prognostic value of 48 lncRNAs was screened and these lincRNAs were also evaluated using LASSO, as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. LINC00968 and LINC01579, two lncRNA prognostic risk models, were created. The survival time of STAD patients in high-risk groups,according to the results, had a patently worse outcome than low-risk ones in training cohort, which was consistent with the results of test cohort and entire cohort. Combined with clinicopathological characteristics, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested this risk model represented a novel independent predictive factor for gastric cancer. Furthermore, Normogram confirmed that the prediction results of this model are accurate and reliable. Conclusion: LINC00968 and LINC01579 have a substantial predictive value in gastric cancer and could be a latent therapeutic target in the clinic.

CD163属于清道夫受体家族,是人体血红蛋白-触珠蛋白清除剂的亲和力受体,也是M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞表面特异性标志物.CD163是一种双重免疫调节剂,能够刺激免疫反应,又可以促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭及转移,在机体中发挥着重要的作用.目前,多项研究发现CD163对乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌等肿瘤的发生发展有很大的影响,这也深受很多学者的关注.本文就CD163的结构功能及在常见肿瘤中的研究进展及临床意义展开综述.