为揭示活性污泥对喹诺酮类抗生素的吸附特征,采用静态吸附实验法研究活性污泥吸附环丙沙星(CIP)、氧氟杀星(OFL)的吸附动力学、吸附热力学和pH值影响.研究结果表明:CIP和OFL吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程受颗粒内扩散和膜扩散共同影响;Freundlich吸附等温线可较好描述活性污泥对CIP、OFL的吸附特性;ΔGθ、ΔHθ及ΔSθ均为负值,吸附过程为自发、放热、熵减过程;pH＜7时,溶液pH升高,活性污泥对CIP、OFL吸附能力逐渐减弱,pH≥7时,吸附能力快速减弱.研究结论可为喹诺酮类抗生素在活性污泥处理工艺中的行为及归趋研究提供科学依据.

"新工科"是新产业、新科技革命和新经济背景下工程教育改革的重大战略.大型精密仪器设备可以激发学生学习专业知识的积极性,开拓专业视野、培养创新思维和意识,因此将大型精密仪器应用于实验教学中将成为今后"新工科"教学发展的必然趋势.论文通过规范制度建设、合理安排使用时间、建立有偿和无偿服务相结合的收费制度和制定视频培训方案等具体措施,对大型精密仪器实验改革进行了初步探索.通过改革高校教学工作,使大型精密仪器充分发挥仪器设备功能,提高创新人才的教育教学水平,提升人才的能力培养和教学科研水平,打造出适合"新工科"要求的高水平合格人才.

详细介绍了预制箱涵的生产过程,防水处理、吊装、翻转等技术措施,原材料技术指标.

文章以大连民族大学环境与资源学院环境工程原理课程改革实践为例,对应用型大学环境类环境工程原理课程体系、教学方法和教学手段进行探讨和改革,进一步适应当前新形势的发展要求,不断地提升教育教学的质量,不断优化理论教学、完善实践教学体系,使环境工程原理的课程教学更加适合环境类专业的特色,满足环境类专业需求.

Related concepts of luminescent bacteria were introduced, and the rapid detection methods of biological toxicity of environmental pollutants based on the luminescent bacteria were analyzed and compared. The advantages of luminescent bacteria and application of luminescent bacteria in the detection of different environmental pollution were reviewed.

建设创新型国家的历史使命呼唤创新型工程技术人才，培养大学生的工程素质和创新能力，形成专业特色，是高校工科专业建设的目标。环境类专业因其专业方向的多样性，如何既能保障基本实践技能的通识培养，又能结合就业方向和学生兴趣进行个性化培养，是顺应时代需求的教育方向。对大连民族大学环境类学生实践能力通识培养和个性化培养的做法进行初步总结，以期为人才培养提供参考。

Chitosan is a natural macromolecule innoxious flocculant. Chitosan was protonated by sulfuric acid solution to enhance dephosphorization effect in wastewater treatment. The effect of protonation degree (pH value in sulfuric acid solution), adsorption time and pH value in raw water on dephosphorizing efficiency was researched. The results showed that bigger protonation degree can result in higher total phosphate removal rate (TPRR); TPRR was highest at 40~50 min of adsorption time; pH value in raw water had obviously effect on TPRR of protonated chitosan. TPRR decreased with pH value of raw water increasing when protonation degree was lower (pH ≥3 in sulfuric acid solution); TPRR was highest at pH = 6 in raw water when protonation degree was bigger (pH = 2 in sulfuric acid solution). The absorption process of protonated chitosan better fitted to pseudo-second order Lagergren equation and Langmuir absorption equation. Thermodynamics parameters of adsorption were ΔH<0, ΔG<0, and ΔS<0, adsorption behavior was exothermic, spontaneous and single molecular layer chemical adsorption process.

A single chamber membrane-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed in this paper for wastewater treatment, and the stainless steel meshes with the sizing grid of 180μm were used as the electrodes. Anaerobic digestion bacteria and denitrifying bacteria respectively attach on the surfaces of anode electrode and cathode electrode, which were designed as bio-anode and bio-cathode. Organic pollutants are removed by anaerobic oxidation on the surface of anode electrode. These electrons and protons produced at the anode can transfer through an external circuit to the cathode and accelerate denitrification. During the stable operation of the MFC, the highest open circuit voltage is 182.5 mV, and the maximum removal rate of COD is 96.5%. Besides, the removal rates of NH4+-N and NO3?-N respectively exceed 93.5%and 96.7%, and the content of NO2?-N in the effluent is always lower than 0.072 mg?L?1. Moreover, the total removal rates for COD, NH4+-N and NO3?-N in separated anode chamber and cathode chamber are lower than 67.0%, 76.9%, and 84.0%, respectively, which are obvious lower than those in the proposed MFC. Results indicate that this system has the capacity of collaborative and efficient removal of COD and nitrogenous pollutant.

The treatment of wastewater by internal electrolysis is via the electrochemical role of the iron-carbon micro-cell and the adsorption of filling in inter-electrobath.The treatment of azo dye wastewater was studied by fly ash,iron scraps and iron-carbon internal electrolysis.The result showed that when the time of treatment was 10 minutes,the pH value was 4.0,the ratio of iron scraps and fly ash was 3:1,the initial concentration was 80 mg/L,and the amount of fly ash was 5g/100mL,respectively,the removing rate was 83.08%.

To improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by using the method of Fe-C internal electrolysis,several treatments using different catalysts added to the wastewater were studied in this research.Results show that under the conditions of 10 g/L C and 30 g/L Fe,reaction time of 150 minutes and pH 7.5,COD removals reached 28.89%,44.70%,34.04%,34.67% and 33.45% under the agent dosages of 0.324 g/L CuCl2,1.51 g/L MnSO4,3.66 g/L NiNO3,15 g/L Cu and 6 mL/L H2O2,respectively.This demonstrates that the agents could increase COD removal efficiency and improve wastewater biodegradability.

The corrosion rate of carbon steel and the ice-melting ability of composite calcium magnesium acetate(CMA) with different component proportion were studied.The influence of sodium nitrite on corrosion rate was also investigated.The results showed that the addition of nitrite inhibited the corrosion rate of carbon steel and the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of adding amount of sodium nitrite.When the addition amount of sodium nitrite was 5%,the corrosion rate(X=0.09) reduced largely.Composite calcium magnesium acetate(CMA) containing MgCl2∶MgAC2∶CaAC2∶NaNO2=66.5∶19∶9.5∶5(mass ratio) is an environmental-friendly deicer which has the advantages of low corrosion and high ice-melting performance.According to the test based on national standards Salt of ice and snow melting for road(GB/T 23851-2009),the product quality is higher than the national standard.

In the process of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry bilingual teaching,code switching bilingual teaching methods were selected in order to stimulate student's interest. The results showed that code switching mode was appropriate for the national institutions,and it can help the students to master the basis of professional knowledge,as well as to expand student's professional vocabulary.

Nationalities universities focus on the cultivation of capacity,quality and innovation in chemistry experimental teaching by the use of advanced technologies and concepts,in connection with the objective of fostering the professional and the characteristics for the students in minority areas.At last,a three-level experimental teaching system,i.e.from basic experiment to comprehensive experiment to innovative experiment has been established step by step in practical teaching via the improvement of experimental teaching methods,the rational management of laboratory,to carry out teaching research and to establish a fair experiment assessment method.

The effect of biologics on filtration of non-woven fabric(NWF) module in the submerged membrane bioreactor(SMBR) was investigated.The results showed that biologics can reduce sludge extra-cellular polymeric substances(EPS) absorbed on the membrane model surface and sludge accumulation,and slow down the flux decline and membrane fouling.The filtration performance of non-woven fabric module is improved obviously and the un-fouling performance is increased.Biologics can improve sludge settling performance,prevent from sludge bulking,and does not affect the COD removal rate in MBR,but it appreciably increases the permeate turbidity.

The pre-coating dynamic membrane bioreactor(PDMBR) was composed of membrane model made of polypropylene (PP) non-woven fiber (NWF) with nominal diameter 1 μm and pre-coated with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and with both of PAC and poly-aluminium chloride. The PDMBR was used for synthetic wastewater treatment. The experimental results showed that the effluent COD from PDMBR is low and stable, the average COD of effluent from PAC-MBR is 49 mg/L, and the average COD from MBR pre-coated with PAC and poly-aluminium chloride is 29 mg/L, but COD of effluent from NWF-MBR is 54 mg/L. It illuminates that pollutants removal mainly depends on mixed activated sludge, but absorption and flocculence of dynamic membrane attached on the model can also remove some pollutants. Pre-coating dynamic MBR can reduce and prevent pollutants diffusing into the surface and interior of the primary membrane so as to mitigate membrane fouling and to make PDMBR have antifouling performace. If particles diameter of PAC is too small, the effluent turbidity (average is 3.3 NTU) from PDMBR will be effected. However, the precoating dynamic membrane formed by PAC and poly-aluminium chloride can not only increase the efficiency of COD removal, but also reduce the effect on effluent turbidity (average is 2.3 NTU) by activated carbon and can ensure good effluent quality.

通过正交设计试验研究了利用粉煤灰处理含油废水的最佳工艺条件,在最佳工艺条件下,探讨处理系统中加入铁屑或生石灰对水处理效果的影响。研究结果表明,在反应时间70 min、反应初始体系pH值为9.0、粉煤灰加入量为30 g/L、待处理油初始浓度为90 mg/L时,处理体系有最佳处理效果,油去除率为82.2%。加入生石灰或铁屑可以有效地提高粉煤灰处理含油废水的能力。

Using acidification demulsification-Fenton oxidation-biodegradation method,the high-concentration wool scouring effluent that was difficult to be biodegraded from woolen mill was treated. The results showed that the acidification demulsification effect was better at pH=3. The oxidation effect of Fenton reagent was better at FeSO4:H2O2=2:1. CODCr of the effluent decreased from 320 000 mg/L to 800 mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 99.75%. The concentration of grease decreased from 24 000 mg/L to 216 mg/L and the removal rate of grease was 99.10%.

The effect of fillings on sludge reduction in conventional activated sludge process was studied in this paper. The results showed that the average mixed liquid suspended solid (MSS) concentrations in filling and non-filling aeration tanks were 3509mg/L and 4815mg/L, respectively. Average chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal in filling aeration tank increased 7% than non-filling aeration tank. The effluent average total nitrogen (T-N) concentration was 55mg/L in filling tank, which was higher than that of 90mg/L in non-filling tank. These indicated that the addition of fillings could decrease discharge amount of excess sludge and improve treatment ability of the system.

Three Schiff base oxovanadium complexes have been synthesized and characterized with element analyses,IR and 51V NMR spectrum.They have been studied that the particle size of drug-loaded liposome and the apparent morphology.IR spectrum and inhibition of liver tumor cells of the complex and the drug-loaded liposomes were comparatived.The results showed that the characteristic vibrational peaks of oxovanadium complexes drug-loaded liposome in IR spectrum still exist.The results suggested that the basic framework of the oxovanadium complexes has not changed drug-loaded,but because weak mutual interaction leading enhanced and caused displacement of νas(V=O)vibration.The results also show that the lower concentration of the complexes and drug-loaded liposomes,the smaller the inhibition rate of tumor cells.The inhibition rate of the same concentration of complexes and drug-loaded liposome was significantly lower than the latter,and may be related to drug-loaded liposomes have a stronger ability to drill through the cells,and more easily transferred to the effects of drugs on site.

This paper discusses wastewater treatment by the submerged membrane bioreactor(SMBR) that features polypropylene non-woven fabric as the membrane component,with porous,suspended carriers used.The impact of the carriers on the performance of SMBR was researched by measuring membrane flux,transmembrane pressure change,turbidity of treated water and CODCr.The experiment results showed that the carriers mitigate the reversible fouling resistance of the filter cake to a certain extent,thus maintaining a high membrane flux.But they undermine the stability of sludge flocs and result in the increase of the turbidity of treated water,CODCr,transmembrane pressure and irreversible membrane fouling resistance.