Waste plastics are low-value waste; thus, achieving high-value recycling is the most desirable goal. Scientific methods are required to evaluate the environmental benefits and support the technology optimization and market selection of waste-to-energy technology for plastics. This study selected catalytic cracking and incineration power generation of two typical examples of waste plastics energy technologies as the research objects, established a full life cycle assessment model, and used the mid-point method to analyze and compare the environmental benefits of the two technologies. The results showed that catalytic cracking technology is more environmentally friendly. The sensitivity analysis showed that the treatment units had a high impact on the results; process optimization predicted the efficiency of technology optimization and advocated future technological developments to explore the direction of using clean energy, upgrading equipment, and updating catalysts. The results of this study can provide ideas for the optimization of two kinds of waste plastics energy technology. In addition, the comparative data analysis intuitively demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of waste-to-energy technologies and provided a practical path for the future development of high-value treatments for waste plastics.
目的 简要呈现卫生行政执法权责事项清单内容.方法 运用Excel 2019对卫生执法依据库和卫生行政执法事项清单库结果进行描述性统计分析.结果 卫生行政执法权责事项清单涉及法律依据117部;包括卫生行政执法事项344项,其中行政处罚269项、行政检查58项、行政强制16项、行政征收1项;事项数居前三位的医疗卫生、传染病防治和职业放射卫生三个专业分别为142项、76项和53项.
目的 总结提炼卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制的要素构成与动态调整机制,为卫生法律法规实施和卫生行政执法单位依法履职提供基础支持.方法 通过理论借鉴、专家咨询、对照提炼和实践总结等方法研制卫生行政执法权责事项的构成要素、清单结构、动态调整因素及表现.结果 权责事项清单的编制和确定涉及编制依据、编制原则、编制主体、事项构成要素、清单调整条件和响应机制,以及监督保障等各环节;每项具体权责事项的要素构成包括事项名称、法律依据、所属专业、职能类别、行使主体等内容.
卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制和动态调整机制研究概述包括研究背景、研究目标、研究内容、研究方法、技术路线和主要结果等.研究采用科学归纳法、类别分析法、问卷调查和专家论证等方法,探索卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制和动态调整的依据、原则、内容、要素,以及清单编制和调整的程序等.以上海市为例,编制卫生行政执法事项权责清单,涉及的法律、法规和规章共117部,卫生行政执法权责事项344项.
目的 探索卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制和动态调整程序.方法 根据清单编制厘定依据、原则、框架结构,动态调整的变动因素和具体体现,构建卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制的一般程序和动态调整程序.结果 形成包含"启动清单编制-构建执法依据库-梳理事项依据-拟稿清单事项-确定事项清单-发布事项清单"六个步骤的卫生行政执法权责事项清单编制的一般程序,以及因法律"立改废释"或"执法主体/职能变动"两种情形引起的动态调整程序.
