约30％～40％的精神疾病患者对药物、心理疗法和其他治疗方式多模式综合治疗后反应不佳或无效,从而进展为难治性精神疾病.神经调控技术运用于治疗难治性精神疾病已有60多年历史.近年来,越来越多的神经影像学研究发现精神疾病发病与神经环路功能障碍有关.内囊前肢(ALIC)是这些神经环路中的关键节点,调控ALIC在治疗强迫症(OCD)、重度抑郁症等精神疾病显得越来越重要,本文就ALIC的解剖学、神经影像学及在难治性精神疾病的运用进展做一综述.

目的 探讨立体定向辅助下双侧内囊前肢毁损术(ALIC-RSF)治疗难治性精神分裂症(SCZ)伴发的攻击行为的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年1月立体定向辅助下ALIC-RSF治疗的35例伴攻击行为的难治性SCZ的临床资料.术前、术后3个月、术后1年,使用外显攻击量表(MOAS)、阳性及阴性症状量表(PANSS)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评估疗效.使用R软件,采用LASSO回归分析检验PANSS评分与术后12个月MOAS评分的相关性.结果 术后3、12个月,MOAS评分、PANSS评分、SDSS评分均显著改善(P＜0.05),而MoCA评分无明显变化(P＞0.05).手术相关并发症大多在术后2周恢复,2例术后1年表现轻度行为懒散、兴趣缺乏的症状.术后12个月MOAS评分改善率与PANSS阳性评分改善率、术前PANSS子项被害评分呈明显正相关(P＜0.05),而与PANSS子项交谈缺乏自发性和流畅性评分、不合作评分以及年龄呈明显负相关(P＜0.05).结论 ALIC-RSF对难治性SCZ的攻击行为有确切疗效,可明显提高病人的社会功能和生活质量.

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a form of mental illness that causes one or more distressing somatic symptoms leading to a significant disruption to everyday life, characterized by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to these symptoms. While SSD is characterized by significant discomfort in some parts of the body, these symptoms are not related to any known medical condition and therefore it cannot be diagnosed using any medical instrument examination. Currently available treatments for SSD, including drug therapy and psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral therapy), usually improve psychiatric symptoms, but the results are often disappointing. Furthermore, SSD is often comorbid with anxiety and depression (75.1 and 65.7%, respectively). Importantly, interventions targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC; e.g., deep brain stimulation and thermal ablation) can effectively treat various mental disorders, such as refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and eating disorders, suggesting that it may also be effective for treating the depressive symptoms associated with SSD comorbidity. In this report, a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with SSD accompanied with depression and anxiety underwent bilateral anterior capsulotomy. The patient complained of nausea and vomiting, swelling of the hilum of the liver for 14 years, weakness of the limbs for 13 years, and burning pain in the esophagus for 1 year. Psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments were conducted to record the severity of the patients' symptoms and the progression of postoperative symptoms. The patient's somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms as well as quality of life improved significantly and steadily; thus, anti-depressive and anti-anxiety medication were stopped. However, the patient developed new somatization symptoms, including dizziness, headache, and sternal pain, 10 months after the operation. Therefore, the patient resumed taking flupentixol and melitracen in order to control the new symptoms. This study shows that bilateral anterior capsulotomy appears to be a complementary treatment for refractory SSD with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, postoperative use of anxiolytic and antidepressant medications may be useful for controlling future somatization symptoms.

A significant proportion of patients with chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) fail to respond to standard therapies. Recent evidence suggests that globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment option; however, reports are few and limited by sample sizes. We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the clinical outcome of GPi-DBS for ChAc. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published before August 2021. The improvement of multiple motor and nonmotor symptoms was qualitatively presented. Improvements in the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale motor score (UHDRS-MS) were also analyzed during different follow-up periods. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify potential predictors of clinical outcomes. Twenty articles, including 27 patients, were eligible. Ninety-six percent of patients with oromandibular dystonia reported significant improvement. GPi-DBS significantly improved the UHDRS-motor score at < 6 months (p < 0.001) and ≥ 6 months (p < 0.001). The UHDRS-motor score improvement rate was over 25% in 75% (15/20 cases) of patients at long-term follow-up (≥ 6 months). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex, age at onset, course of disease, and preoperative movement score had no linear relationship with motor improvement at long-term follow-up (p > 0.05). GPi-DBS is an effective and safe treatment in most patients with ChAc, but no reliable predictor of efficacy has been found. Oromandibular dystonia-dominant patients might be the best candidates for GPi-DBS.

About 40%-60% obsessive-compulsive disorder patients respond poorly to multimodal comprehensive treatment including drugs, psychotherapy and other treatment methods, and further progress to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can regulate the abnormal cortico-striato-thalamocortical circuit to reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This article summarizes the progress of different DBS surgical strategies for obsessive-compulsive disorder, and systematically reviewed the neuroimaging studies on the effects of DBS on the brain network of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients.

Purpose: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment method for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and isolated dystonia and provides marked improvement of major motor symptoms. In addition, non-motor effects have been reported including weight gain (WG) in patients with PD after STN-DBS. However, it is still unclear whether patients with isolated dystonia also experience WG.Methods: Data from 47 patients with isolated dystonia who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery between October 2012 and June 2019 were retrospectively collected. The severity of dystonia was assessed via the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Changes in the body mass index (BMI) and BFMDRS score were analyzed using paired Student's t-tests. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affected the BMI after surgery.Results: Postoperative WG was observed in 78.7% of patients. The percentage of overweight and obese patients increased from 25.5% (before STN-DBS) to 48.9% (at the last follow-up). The mean BMI and mean percentage change in BMI increased by 1.32 ± 1.83 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and 6.28 ± 8.34%, respectively. BMI increased more in female than in male patients. At the last follow-up, BFMDRS movement and disability scores improved by 69.76 ± 33.23% and 65.66 ± 31.41%, respectively (both P < 0.001). The final regression model analysis revealed that sex and preoperative BMI alone were independently associated with BMI change (P < 0.05).Conclusions: STN-DBS is associated with postoperative WG with patients with isolated dystonia. WG is more prominent in female patients and is associated with preoperative weight but not with the efficacy of STN-DBS on motor symptoms.