Background Diabetes and osteoporosis are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people. Diabetes can lead to various acute and chronic complications, but its related bone changes are often neglected. Osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women, and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have multiple risk factors for osteoporosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to early identify risk factors of osteoporosis in these women, and to provide them with targeted interventions. Objective To explore the associated factors of osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM through a meta-analysis. Methods In July 2021, databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CQVIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for literature about factors associated with osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM from inception to July 2021. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.0 were used to conduct a meta-analysis on the data. Results Twenty-one studies were finally included, from which 11 osteoporosis-related factors were extracted. The meta-analysis showed that age〔MD (95%CI) =6.56 (5.24, 7.88) 〕, years of postmenopause〔MD (95%CI) =5.93 (4.23, 7.62) 〕, duration of diabetes〔MD (95%CI) =1.94 (0.89, 2.98) 〕, body mass index〔MD (95%CI) =-1.99 (-2.63, -1.36) 〕, serum calcium〔MD (95%CI) =0.03 (0.01, 0.06) 〕, fasting blood glucose〔MD (95%CI) =0.49 (0.09, 0.90) 〕, glycosylated hemoglobin〔MD (95%CI) =0.37 (0.02, 0.71) 〕, and fasting insulin〔MD (95%CI) =3.65 (1.24, 6.06) 〕 were associated factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with T2DM. But no significant association was found between osteoporosis and serum creatinine〔MD (95%CI) =4.02 (0.00, 8.04) 〕, serum phosphorus〔MD (95%CI) =0.00 (-0.05, 0.05) 〕, or serum alkaline phosphatase〔MD (95%CI) =1.26 (-0.06, 2.57) 〕 in these women. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the association of all the above-mentioned factors (except for serum creatinine) with osteoporosis was relatively robust. Conclusion Older age, long years of postmenopause, long duration of T2DM, low levels of BMI and serum calcium, and high levels of fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin are risk factors for osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM. But the effects of serum creatinine, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase on osteoporosis in this group need to be further verified.

目的:系统评价重症急性胰腺炎病人肠内营养喂养不耐受的危险因素.方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库(WanFang Database)、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science有关重症急性胰腺炎病人肠内营养喂养不耐受危险因素的文献,检索时限为从建库至2021年11月30日,由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,运用RevMan 5.4软件和Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入11篇文献,包括2270例病人,Meta分析结果显示,年龄>60岁(OR=1.88)、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分≥20分(OR=4.18)、低钾血症(OR=1.59)、肠内营养开始时间>72 h(OR=2.24)、未添加膳食纤维(OR=3.72)、腹内压>15 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,OR=2.91)、中心静脉压>10 cmH2 O(1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa,OR=1.96)、机械通气(OR=1.41)是重症急性胰腺炎病人肠内营养喂养不耐受的危险因素,合并结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:现有证据表明,年龄>60岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分、低钾血症、肠内营养开始时间>72 h、未添加膳食纤维、腹内压>15 mmHg、中心静脉压>10 cmH2 O、机械通气是重症急性胰腺炎病人肠内营养喂养不耐受的危险因素.

目的 了解护理在读硕士研究生心理韧性、逆境商以及职业认同现状,探讨心理韧性在逆境商与职业认同间的中介作用.方法 2021年3-4月,采用便利抽样法选取全国5所学校护理在读硕士研究生为调查对象.采用一般资料调查表、中文版 10 条目心理韧性量表(Chinese 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC-10)、逆境商量表(adversity response profile,ARP)和护生职业认同量表(professional identity scale for nursing students,PISNS)对其进行调查,并对数据进行分析.结果 全国5所学校158名护理在读硕士研究生心理韧性得分为(22.99±5.75)分,逆境商得分为(126.85±14.54)分,职业认同得分为(54.61±10.65)分;不同就读研究生原因、是否热爱护理工作、是否考虑转行的护理在读硕士研究生职业认同得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).护理在读硕士研究生心理韧性、逆境商均与职业认同均呈正相关(r=0.257、0.152,均P＜0.05),心理韧性在逆境商与职业认同间存在部分中介作用,效应值为0.166,占总效应的49.85％.结论 全国5所学校158名护理在读硕士研究生逆境商和职业认同均处于中等水平,提示护理教育者可提高护理在读硕士研究生心理韧性水平,增强其抗挫折能力,进而提升职业认同感.

背景 糖尿病（DM）和骨质疏松（OP）是中老年人的常见病，糖尿病可导致多种急慢性并发症，但糖尿病性骨骼改变往往是最易忽略的。女性绝经后患骨质疏松症较为普遍，而绝经后2型糖尿病患者有多种骨质疏松的危险因素，患病风险更高。因此，早期识别，及时干预显得尤为重要。目的 通过Meta分析对我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松危险因素进行探讨。方法 计算机检索中国知网（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方（WanFang Data）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane library数据库关于我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松危险因素的临床研究，检索时间设定为从建库至2021年7月。由2名研究员独自进行文献筛选及数据提取，采用RevMan5.4软件及Stata15.0软件对数据结果进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入21篇研究，提取11个相关危险因素。Meta分析结果显示：年龄(MD=6.56,95%CI:5.24～7.88)、绝经年限(MD=5.93,95%CI:4.23～7.62)、糖尿病病程(MD=1.94,95%CI:0.89～2.98)、血清钙(MD=0.03,95%CI:0.01～0.06)、血肌酐(MD=5.57,95%CI:0.70～10.44)、空腹血糖(MD=0.49,95%CI:0.09～0.90)、糖化血红蛋白(MD=0.37,95%CI:0.02～0.71)、空腹胰岛素(MD=3.65,95%CI:1.24～6.06)是我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的危险因素；体质指数(MD=-1.99,95%CI:-2.63～-1.36)是我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的保护因素，血清磷(MD=0.00,95%CI:-0.05～0.05)、碱性磷酸酶(MD=1.26,95%CI:-0.06～2.57)合并分析结果无意义。敏感性分析结果：除血肌酐外，其他危险因素的结果均稳定可靠，无发表偏倚。结论 体质指数是我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的保护因素，而年龄、绝经年限、糖尿病病程、血清钙、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白是危险因素；血清磷和碱性磷酸酶对我国绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的影响还需进一步论证。