Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic mycotoxin that induces severe oxidative liver damage. Kaempferol (Kae), a natural flavonoid with known antioxidant properties, has unclear protective effects against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Kae and elucidate its underlying mechanism using integrated in vivo, in silico, and in vitro approaches. Methods: In vivo (AFB1-challenged mice) and in vitro (hepatocyte) models were employed, combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Liver injury indices, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway expression were assessed. Results: Kae co-treatment reversed AFB1-induced increases in liver index, serum ALT/AST, histological lesions, and reduced antioxidant capacity in mice. Network pharmacology revealed 59 common targets, with NFE2L2 (Nrf2) as a key node. In vitro, Kae pretreatment significantly lowered AFB1-elevated ROS, MDA, ALT, and AST, while restoring GSH and total antioxidant capacity. Kae reversed AFB1-induced Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 downregulation, and increased mRNA levels of HO-1, NQO1, SOD, GPX1, and CAT. Molecular docking and simulation showed stable Kae-Keap1 binding (-9.6 kcal/mol) with critical hydrogen bonds (VAL-606) and van der Waals contacts. Conclusions: Kae directly binds Keap1, activates Nrf2 signaling, upregulates antioxidant gene expression, and mitigates AFB1-induced oxidative liver injury. These findings support Kae as a promising candidate for preventing AFB1 hepatotoxicity.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen, is widely present in various crops, with limited prevention and treatment methods, continuously threatening food safety and public health. Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, triterpenes, and volatile oils, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. However, its specific effects and underlying mechanisms against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviative effect of MOLE on AFB1 hepatotoxicity and its molecular mechanisms. In AFB1-induced mouse-liver tissue and hepatocyte models, MOLE significantly reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Data indicated that MOLE treatment markedly suppressed AFB1-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing antioxidant indicators such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH). Network pharmacology identified 50 bioactive components in MOLE and revealed 78 common targets with AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. Protein–protein interaction analysis identified 10 core targets. Key active compounds included naringenin, quercetin, and luteolin. GO and KEGG enrichment results were closely associated with ROS-related pathways. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between MOLE components and core targets, particularly with PPARG. Mechanistically, MOLE significantly increased PPARγ protein levels and upregulated Nrf2 protein expression. It also enhanced the mRNA expression of HO-1, SOD, NQO1, CAT, and GPX1 and improved cellular total antioxidant capacity. Crucially, inhibiting PPARγ abolished the protective effects of MOLE and reversed its promotion of Nrf2. In conclusion, MOLE alleviates liver injury by binding to PPARγ to activate the Nrf2 pathway, thereby inhibiting AFB1-induced ROS accumulation.

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the expression of the miR-21-5p gene and its target genes in the mammary tissues of Dehong dairy buffalo. The healthy Dehong dairy buffalo with the same feeding conditions, the same parity, similar age and middle lactation were divided into a high milk fat rate group (group H), a medium milk fat rate group (group M) and a low milk fat rate group (group L). Three dairy buffaloes were selected in each group, and breast tissues were collected after slaughter to extract total RNA. Bioinformatics methods were employed to predict the target genes of miR-21-5p. The expression levels of miR-21-5p and its target genes were quantified by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and correlation analysis was conducted with previously determined milk fat content. The results showed that the possible target genes of miR-21-5p were AGPAT6 and GPAM. The expression level of miR-21-5p in mammary tissue of Dehong daily buffalo in the group L was extremely higher than that in the group M and group H (P<0.01). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the expression level of miR-21-5p was extremely and negatively correlated with the target gene AGPAT6 (P<0.01), and significantly and negatively correlated with the expression level of the target gene GPAM (P<0.05). In the mammary tissue of Dehong dairy buffalo, the expression level of miR-21-5p was significantly and negatively correlated with the milk fat percentage (P<0.05), while the target genes AGPAT6 and GPAM were extremely and positively correlated with the milk fat percentage (P<0.01). The results of the protein interaction network showed that the interaction between AGPAT6 and GPAM was the strongest. The results indicate that miR-21-5p may influence milk fat synthesis by negatively regulating the expression of the target genes AGPAT6 and GPAM, and consequently influencing the milk fat percentage.

PurposeTo study the expression level of FASN gene in mammary tissue of Dehong dairy buffalo and the biological characteristics of FASN protein in buffalo. MethodsMilk fat percentage was detected by milk composition analyzer. High, medium and low groups (groups H, M, and L) were divided by different milk fat percentage. The expression level of FASN gene in mammary tissue was detected by qPCR. The correlation of FASN gene expression level and milk fat percentage were analyzed. Physicochemical property and structural characteristics of FASN protein of buffalo were analyzed by bioinformatics method. ResultsThe expression level of FASN gene in mammary tissue of Dehong dairy buffalo in group H was extremely significantly higher than that in groups L and M (P<0.01), and group M was extremely significantly higher than that in group L (P<0.01). The expression level of FASN was extremely significant positive correlated with the milk fat percentage (P<0.01). The molecular formula of buffalo FASN protein was C12188H19327N3363O3631S109, molecular weight was 274.56 ku. This protein was unstable, and mainly distributed in the nucleus. There were two domains in FASN, of which were all related to lipid anabolism. The secondary structure mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. The evolutionary tree and homology analysis showed that the FASN of buffalo was closely related to the yak and domestic cattle. The FASN mainly interacted closely with ACACB, ACACA and ACLY. ConclusionFASN gene expression in mammary tissue can promote the increase of milk fat percentage.

Mastitis is a common disease of dairy cows characterized by infiltration of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, resulting in increased permeability of the blood-milk barrier (BMB). Taurine, a functional nutrient, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Here, we investigated the regulatory effects and mechanisms of taurine on the complex immune network of the mammary gland in Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) infection. We found that taurine had no direct effect on CXCL2-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. However, it inhibited MAPK and NF-κB signalings by modulating the activity of TAK1 downstream of TLR2, thereby reducing CXCL2 expression in macrophages to reduce neutrophil recruitment in S. uberis infection. Further, the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated by taurine to help mitigate oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions in mammary epithelial cells caused by hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidant produced by neutrophils, thus protecting the integrity of the mammary epithelial barrier. Taurine protects the BMB from damage caused by neutrophils via blocking the macrophage-CXCL2-neutrophil signaling axis and increasing the antioxidant capacity of mammary epithelial cells.

In mammals, testis and epididymis are critical components of the male reproductive system for androgen production, spermatogenesis, sperm transportation, as well as sperm maturation. Here, we report single-molecule real-time sequencing data from the testis and epididymis of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI), a promising laboratory animal for medical research. We obtained high-quality full-length transcriptomes and identified 9879 isoforms and 8761 isoforms in the BMI testis and epididymis, respectively. Most of the isoforms we identified have novel exon structures that will greatly improve the annotation of testis- and epididymis-expressed genes in pigs. We also found that 3055 genes (over 50%) were shared between BMI testis and epididymis, indicating widespread expression profiles of genes related to reproduction. We characterized extensive alternative splicing events in BMI testis and epididymis and showed that 96 testis-expressed genes and 79 epididymis-expressed genes have more than six isoforms, revealing the complexity of alternative splicing. We accurately defined the transcribed isoforms in BMI testis and epididymis by combining Pacific Biotechnology Isoform-sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq) and Illumina RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. The refined annotation of some key genes governing male reproduction will facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BMI male sterility. In addition, the high-confident identification of 548 and 669 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these two tissues has established a candidate gene set for future functional investigations. Overall, our study provides new insights into the role of the testis and epididymis during BMI reproduction, paving the path for further studies on BMI male infertility.

RFX2 plays critical roles in mammalian spermatogenesis and cilium maturation. Here, the testes of 12-month-old adult boars of Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) were subjected to whole-transcriptome sequencing. The results indicated that the average expression (raw count) of RFX2 gene in BMI testes was 16138.25, and the average expression value of the corresponding transcript ENSSSCT00000043271.2 was 123.1898. The CDS of RFX2 obtained from BMI testes was 2,817 bp (GenBank accession number: OL362242). Gene structure analysis showed that RFX2 was located on chromosome 2 of the pig genome with 19 exons. Protein structure analysis indicated that RFX2 contains 728 amino acids with two conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RFX2 was highly conserved with evolutionary homologies among mammalian species. Other analyses, including PPI networks, KEGG, and GO, indicated that BMI RFX2 had interactions with 43 proteins involving various functions, such as in cell cycle, spermatid development, spermatid differentiation, cilium assembly, and cilium organization, etc. Correlation analysis between these proteins and the transcriptome data implied that RFX2 was significantly associated with FOXJ1, DNAH9, TMEM138, E2F7, and ATR, and particularly showed the highest correlation with ATR, demonstrating the importance of RFX2 and ART in spermatogenesis. Functional annotation implied that RFX2 was involved in 17 GO terms, including three cellular components (CC), six molecular functions (MF), and eight biological processes (BP). The analysis of miRNA-gene targeting indicated that BMI RFX2 was mainly regulated by two miRNAs, among which four lncRNAs and five lncRNAs competitively bound ssc-miR-365-5p and ssc-miR-744 with RFX2, respectively. Further, the dual-luciferase report assay indicated that the ssc-miR-365-5p and ssc-miR-744 significantly reduced luciferase activity of RFX2 3'UTR in the 293T cells, suggesting that these two miRNAs regulated the expression of RFX2. Our results revealed the important role of RFX2 in BMI spermatogenesis, making it an intriguing candidate for follow-up studies.

The production of semen in boars involves multiple reproductive glands, including the testis (Tes), epididymis (Epi), vesicular gland (VG), prostate gland (PG), and bulbourethral gland (BG). However, previous studies on boar reproduction primarily focused on the testis, with little attention paid to the other glands. Here, we integrated single-molecule long-read sequencing with short-read sequencing to characterize the RNA landscape from five glands of Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) and Diannan small-ear pigs (DSE). We identified 110,996 full-length isoforms from 22,298 genes, and classified the alternative splicing (AS) events in these five glands. Transcriptome-wide variation analysis indicated that the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five tissues of BMI was significantly lower than that in the non-inbred pig, DSE, revealing the effect of inbreeding on BMI. Additionally, we performed small-RNA sequencing and identified 299 novel miRNAs across all glands. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the RNA landscape within these five glands, paving the path for future investigations on reproductive biology and the impact of inbreeding on pig transcriptome.

Background As the largest substantive organ of animals, the liver plays an essential role in the physiological processes of digestive metabolism and immune defense. However, the cellular composition of the pig liver remains poorly understood. This investigation used single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology to identify cell types from liver tissues of pigs, providing a theoretical basis for further investigating liver cell types in pigs. Results The analysis revealed 13 cells clusters which were further identified 7 cell types including endothelial cells, T cells, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, B cells, and cholangiocytes. The dominant cell types were endothelial cells, T cells and hepatocytes in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs and Dahe black pigs, which accounts for about 85.76% and 82.74%, respectively. The number of endothelial cells was higher in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs compared to Dahe black pigs, while the opposite tendency was observed for T cells. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic endothelial cells were significantly enriched in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic T cells were significantly enriched in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic hepatocytes were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways. Conclusions In summary, this study provides a comprehensive cell atlas of porcine hepatic tissue. The number, gene expression level and functional characteristics of each cell type in pig liver tissue varied between breeds.

本试验旨在研究德宏奶水牛SCD基因表达规律和探究水牛SCD生物学特性.用乳品分析仪测定乳脂率,依照乳脂率高低进行分组,分为高、中、低组(分别为H组、M组、L组).采用qPCR法检测SCD基因表达量,与乳脂率进行关联分析.利用生物信息学方法对水牛SCD的结构进行预测.结果表明,H组SCD表达量极显著高于M组和L组(P<0.01),M组极显著高于L组(P<0.01).其mRNA表达水平与乳脂率呈强正相关.生物信息学分析结果显示,水牛SCD为不稳定亲水蛋白,不存在信号肽,主要在内质网(44.4％)发挥作用.二级结构主要由无规则卷曲(40.39％)、α-螺旋(39.55％)构成.SCD与ELOVL6、SREBP1、FASN等脂质代谢关键分子互作.研究表明,德宏奶水牛SCD基因的表达可能影响乳脂合成.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Dysfunction of mitochondria homeostasis induces the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), altering cellular metabolism. How cells sense the UPRmt to rewire metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we show that inactivation of either the citric/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes aco-2 or idha-1, which encode aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase respectively, leads to citrate accumulation. In Caenorhabditis elegans, both in vitro and in vivo, citrate accumulation consequently triggers the UPRmt and also promotes lipid accumulation. The transcription factor DVE-1 binds to the promoter of the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-80 to transactivate its expression. NHR-80 then upregulates lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, shifting excess citrate for use in lipogenesis and for storage as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets. Inactivation of DVE-1 or NHR-80 fully abolishes the citrate-induced lipid accumulation. Therefore, our work uncovers a DVE-1-NHR-80-lipogenesis axis linking the transmission of the mitochondrial stress signal to lipid metabolism.

To investigate the difference of microbial communities among Diannan small-ear (DNSE), Dahe black (DHB) and Yorkshire (YS) pigs, we compared the microbial taxonomic and functional composition using a metagenomic approach. A total of 1,002,362 non-redundant microbial genes were identified, DHB and YS pigs had more similar genetic makeup compared with DNSE pigs. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Spirochetes were the three most abundant phyla for all pig breeds, and DNSE pigs had a higher abundance of Prevotella genus than DHB and YS pigs. The functional profiles varied among the three pig breeds, DNSE pigs had more active carbohydrate metabolism and more abundant antibiotic resistance genes than the other two pig breeds. Moreover, we found that peptide and macrolide resistances genes in DNSE pigs were more abundant than that in DHB pigs (p < 0.05). This study will help to provide a theoretical basis for the development of native pig breeds in Yunnan Province, China.

[目的]研究不同乳脂率德宏奶水牛乳腺组织CD36基因的表达差异.[方法]选取同一养殖小区中饲养条件相同的健康德宏奶水牛216头,采集乳样,用乳成分分析仪测定乳脂率;以乳脂率(7.5±0.5)％为基准,将德宏奶水牛分为高、中、低乳脂率组(分别为H、M、L组),每组选取胎次相同、年龄相近、处于泌乳中期的德宏奶水牛各3头,屠宰后采集乳腺组织,提取总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测CD36基因mRNA表达水平,并与乳脂率进行相关性分析.[结果]H组的CD36基因mRNA表达水平极显著高于M组和L组(P<0.01),M组极显著高于L组(P<0.01).相关性分析表明:CD36基因表达量与乳脂率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).[结论]CD36基因表达对德宏奶水牛乳质量可能具有促进作用.

诚信是践行社会主义核心价值观的重要内容,研究生科研诚信的培养直接影响着学术科研优良风气的传承与发展.研究生科研诚信的培养首先应从入学教育开始,使学生了解有关学术诚信的规章制度、法律法规,对学术诚信产生敬畏感;其次,在日常教学环节不断分析研究生出现学术不端行为的成因,建立相应的约束机制,贯彻科研诚信的思想;最后,师生协同营造严于律己、坚决抵制学术不端行为的科研气氛,从而潜移默化培养学生从敬畏心理到自觉行为的科研诚信准则.

[目的]获得版纳微型猪近交系(Banna mini-pig inbred line,BMI)精子发生相关基因PHF7的分子特征,构建其转录调控网络.[方法]通过RNA-seq技术对BMI睾丸进行全转录组测序;利用RT-PCR技术从BMI睾丸分离PHF7全长编码序列并分析其分子特征和蛋白功能;进一步基于睾丸全转录组测序数据,借助相关数据库对PHF7基因进行功能注释,分析其与非编码RNA(miRNA和lnRNA)间的调控关系,并构建其转录调控网络.[结果]成功获得了BMI睾丸转录组数据;通过RT-PCR获得了BMI PHF7 CDS区全长1155 bp,编码384个氨基酸;生物信息分析表明该基因位于猪13号染色体,含11个外显子,PHF7蛋白包含由54个氨基酸组成的PHD锌指结构域和112个氨基酸组成的扩展PHD锌指结构域,无规则卷曲在二级结构中占比最高;进化分析表明,BMI PHF7氨基酸序列在哺乳动物中较为保守,与双峰驼和羊驼的亲缘关系最为接近;蛋白互作网络分析发现,BMI PHF7与10个蛋白存在相互作用;基因功能分析发现,PHF7主要参与金属离子结合过程;基因靶向作用分析发现,猪PHF7受ssc-miR-149、ssc-miR-769-3p、ssc-miR-324、ssc-miR-296-3p、ssc-miR-133b、ssc-miR-7142-3p、ssc-miR-27b-3p、ssc-miR-193a-5p等8个miRNA的靶向调控.[结论]阐明了BMI PHF7基因的分子特征、蛋白质结构并构建了转录调控网络,为深入研究PHF7在BMI精子发生过程的功能奠定基础.

To investigate the faecal taxonomic composition and the microbial antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of Diannan small-ear (DNSE), Dahe black (DHB) and Yorkshire (YS) pigs, we established and characterized the gene catalogue with a metagenomic approach. A total of 1,125,115 non-redundant genes were obtained, of which 500-550bp genes accounted for 8.01%, which were the most frequent lengths. Compared with DNSE pigs, the genetic and taxonomic composition of DHB and YS pigs were more similar. A total of 52 KEGG orthologues involved in antimicrobial resistance were identified in faecal samples. Tetracycline resistance genes accounted for 45.68% of all ARGs, in which ribosomal protective proteins were the major class. YS pigs had the lowest total abundance of ARGs compared with the other two breeds, and six out of nine ARG types had the lowest abundance in YS pigs. There was a significant positive correlation between Lactobacillus genus and cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance genes ( P < 0.0001), suggesting that they may be main carriers of CAMP resistance genes. The network analysis showed that there were strong ( r > 0.7) and significant ( P < 0.05) positive correlations between most KOs. K03367 (dltA), K02172 (blaR1), and K18220 (tetM, tetO) are proposed to be indicators for ARG contamination. The present study will be helpful for providing a theoretical basis for studies on the occurrence of ARGs in pig faeces.

Alpha S1-casein (alpha(S1)-CN) is a major casein in milk, which exerts a crucial role in casein transport and is related to individual milk components, nutritive value and production traits of milk. So far, alpha(S1)-CN coding gene (CSN1S1) has been widely studied in dairy cattle, but the polymorphisms of the CSN1S1 gene have not been fully understood in buffalo. In this study, the polymorphisms in coding sequence (CDS) of the CSN1S1 gene for river and swamp buffalo were detected using PCR product direct sequencing. The CDS for both types of buffalo was the same in length, which contained 645 nucleotides and encoded a peptide composing of 214 residues. A total of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was identified in two types of buffalo. Among them, c.516T>C and c.578C>T were observed only in river buffalo, while c.175A>G, c.580T>C and c.609T>G were found only in swamp buffalo. The c.175A>G, c.578C>T and c.580T>C were non-synonymous, which led to substitutions of p.I44V, p.L178S and p.F179L. The prediction showed that the p.F179L may affect the function of buffalo alpha(S1)-CN. Eight buffalo CSN1S1 haplotypes were defined in this study, and accordingly, 6 protein variants and 2 synonymous variants of alpha(S1)-CN were inferred and named. The variants A, B', B '', C, E and F were observed only in river buffalo, whereas variant D was found only in swamp buffalo. The variant B was shared by both types of buffalo with high frequencies. The buffalo variants determined here did not exist in Bos genus. In addition, 9 amino acid differential sites of alpha(S1)-CN between buffalo and Bos genus were identified, of which p.42T and p.115S were located at phosphorylation sites, which may lead to differences in the physicochemical properties of alpha(S1)-CN between buffalo and Bos genus.

本研究旨在探索脂滴形成相关基因嗜乳脂蛋白(BTN1A1)、黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)、围脂滴蛋白1(PLIN1)和PLIN2在不同乳脂率德宏奶水牛乳腺组织中的表达差异.试验选取同一养殖小区的健康德宏奶水牛216头,采集乳样,用乳品分析仪测定乳脂率.根据乳脂率测定结果,分为低乳脂率组(L组,＜7.0％)、中乳脂率组(M组,7.5％±0.5％)和高乳脂率组(H组,＞8.0％),每组选取第2胎、年龄相近、处于泌乳中期的德宏奶水牛各3头,采集乳样,进行乳脂率测定;屠宰后采集乳腺组织,提取总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测脂滴形成相关基因的mRNA表达水平,并与乳脂率及脂肪酸含量进行相关性分析.试验结果显示,BTN1A1、XDH、PLIN1和PLIN2基因具有相同的表达趋势:H组＞M组＞L组;其中H组德宏奶水牛乳腺组织BTN1A1、XDH、PLIN1和PLIN2基因mRNA表达水平均极显著高于M组和L组(P＜0.01);M组BTN1A1基因表达水平与L组差异不显著(P＞0.05),但XDH、PLIN1和PLIN2基因mRNA表达水平均极显著高于L组(P＜0.01).相关性分析表明,BTN1A1、XDH、PLIN1和PLIN2基因表达水平均与乳脂率、总脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01).本研究结果表明,BTN1A1、XDH、PLIN1和PLIN2基因在乳腺组织的表达可能对德宏奶水牛的乳脂合成及分泌有显著促进作用,可为深入解析脂滴形成相关基因在泌乳过程中的调控机制提供参考.

试验研究不同乳脂率德宏奶水牛乳腺组织中TLR8基因的表达规律及水牛TLR8的结构.利用乳品分析仪测定乳脂率,以7％～8％为中乳脂率组(M组),高于8％为高乳脂率组(H组),低于7％为低乳脂率组(L组).采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测TLR8基因表达量,与乳脂率进行相关性分析,利用生物信息学方法分析水牛TLR8的结构特征.结果 表明,L组TLR8基因的表达量极显著高于H组和M组(P＜0.01).TLR8基因mRNA的表达水平与乳脂率呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).TLR8分子式为C5338H8275N1399O1567S31,分子质量为118 kD,理论等电点为5.90,亲水性总平均值为-0.134.TLR8属于跨膜蛋白,具有信号肽序列MTLRFLLLTSLFLLISDS,第18～19位氨基酸之间存在切割位点.TLR8的胞外区含有12个LRR、3个LRR_TYP和1个LRR_CT,胞内区具有1个TIR结构域.二级结构以α螺旋为主.TLR8主要与MyD88、IRAK1、IRAK4等蛋白相互作用.研究表明,水牛TLR8结构与TLR家族相似,且德宏奶水牛乳腺组织TLR8基因的表达量随着乳脂率增加呈下降趋势.

Growth performance and meat quality are important traits for pig production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying growth performance and meat quality, and to identify novel target molecules for predicting the growth performance and meat quality. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Diannan small ears pigs (DSP) and Landrace pigs (LP) were assessed by RNA-sequencing analyzing technology. A total of 339 DEGs were obtained between DSP and LP. 146 DEGs were upregulated in LP compared with DSP and 193 DEGs were upregulated in DSP compared with LP. The DEGs were significantly enriched in 26 GO and 3 KEGG pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with 201 nodes and 382 edges was constructed and 5 modules were extracted from the entire network. The identified upregulated expression of genes involved in glycolysis and myogenesis as well as extracellular matrix may be associated with fast body and muscle deposition rates in LP. Increased expression of genes involved in PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism as well as oxidative phosphate processes could be related to the intramuscular fat deposition and meat quality in DSP. The present study may provide an improved understanding of the growth performance and meat quality.