Background:The use of anlotinib as a third-line or subsequent treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has been studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum-based regimens in the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC. Methods:A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Studies investigating the efficacy of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum-based regimens in the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC were analysed. The results of these studies were summarized and meta-analyzed to calculate combined survival measures with 95% confidence intervals. Results:The meta-analysis included seven studies with a total of 519 cases. Regarding tumour response, the pooled objective response rate was 83.0%. Based on survival analysis, the pooled median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.29 and 14.99 months, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events of anlotinib in combination with etoposide and platinum-based therapy were hypertension (all-grades: 28.4%, grade ≥3: 3.7%), decreased white blood cell count (all-grades: 27.2%, grade ≥3: 6.3%), and fatigue (all-grades: 27.2%, grade ≥3: 3.7%). Conclusions:This meta-analysis demonstrated that anlotinib in combination with etoposide and platinum-based regimens has potentially promising efficacy and safety in the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC. However, more randomized controlled trials are still needed to verify these findings.

In vitro studies show that DNase can inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study used an RNA-sequencing transcriptomic approach to investigate the mechanism by which DNase I inhibits early P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm formation on a transcriptional level, respectively. A total of 1171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P. aeruginosa and 1016 DEGs in S. aureus enriched in a variety of biological processes and pathways were identified, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in P. aeruginosa two-component system, biofilm formation, and flagellar assembly and in S. aureus biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and biosynthesis of amino acids, respectively. The transcriptional data were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the expression profiles of 22 major genes remained consistent. These findings suggested that DNase I may inhibit early biofilm formation by downregulating the expression of P. aeruginosa genes associated with flagellar assembly and the type VI secretion system, and by downregulating S. aureus capsular polysaccharide and amino acids metabolism gene expression, respectively. This study offers insights into the mechanisms of DNase treatment-based inhibition of early P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm formation.

Background:Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, which is commonly found in lungs and rarely causes infections in mediastinum. Mediastinal Aspergillus abscess is a serious infectious condition, and is characterized by difficult diagnosis due to its clinical manifestations being nonspecific.Case Presentation:Here, we report a case of a mediastinal Aspergillus fumigatus abscess in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was a 45-year-old woman who presented with a 20-day history of sore throat without any underlying diseases. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a mass in the anterior superior mediastinum. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified Aspergillus fumigatus sequences in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) tissue, indicating the mediastinal Aspergillus fumigatus infection of this patient. The following mediastinal biopsy histological analysis and tissue fungi culture also suggested Aspergillus fumigatus infection, confirming the mNGS detection. The patient was diagnosed with mediastinal aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. After timely voriconazole treatment, the patient was discharged with good condition.Conclusion:Our study presented a rare case with mediastinal Aspergillus fumigatus abscess in an immunocompetent patient. As a new clinical diagnostic method, mNGS could assist timely diagnosis and precise treatment of Aspergillus infection.

Abstract Background Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2C) was identified to participate in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers; however, its roles in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) remain unclear. Methods Differential expression analysis of CDKN2C between SCLC and non-SCLC were performed based on 937 samples from multiple centers. The prognosis effects of CDKN2C in patients with SCLC were detected using both Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Using receiver-operating characteristic curves, whether CDKN2C expression made it feasible to distinguish SCLC was determined. The potential mechanisms of CDKN2C in SCLC were investigated by gene ontology terms and signaling pathways (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Based on 10,080 samples, a pan-cancer analysis was also performed to determine the roles of CDKN2C in multiple cancers. Results For the first time, upregulated CDKN2C expression was detected in SCLC samples at both the mRNA and protein levels (p of Wilcoxon rank-sum test < 0.05; standardized mean difference = 2.86 [95% CI 2.20–3.52]). Transcription factor FOXA1 expression may positively regulate CDKN2C expression levels in SCLC. High CDKN2C expression levels were related to the poor prognosis of patients with SCLC (hazard ratio > 1, p < 0.05) and showed pronounced effects for distinguishing SCLC from non-SCLC (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve ≥ 0.95). CDKN2C expression may play a role in the development of SCLC by affecting the cell cycle. Furthermore, the first pan-cancer analysis revealed the differential expression of CDKN2C in 16 cancers (breast invasive carcinoma, etc.) and its independent prognostic significance in nine cancers (e.g., adrenocortical carcinoma). CDKN2C expression was related to the immune microenvironment, suggesting its potential usefulness as a prognostic marker in immunotherapy. Conclusions This study identified upregulated CDKN2C expression and its clinical significance in SCLC and other multiple cancers, suggesting its potential usefulness as a biomarker in treating and differentiating cancers.

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in 10-20% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically lung adenocarcinomas. However, these mutations have rarely been reported in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Treatment for SCLC and LUSC patients has not yet been established. We present a rare case of p.A864V mutation in Exon 21 of EGFR gene in a patient with both SCLC and LUSC, which is the first case of such mutation type in lung cancer in the world. The patient was a 55-year-old female nonsmoker with stage IV SCLC and LUSC, gene sequencing revealed EGFR gene mutation, she refused EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeted therapy and received conservative treatment, which led to disease progression. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of the rare EGFR mutations. Platinum-based chemotherapy can be treated for SCLC and LUSC patients.

Objective. YuPingFeng Granules (YPFGs) is an herbal formula clinically used in China for more than 100 years to treat pneumonia. Nevertheless, the mechanism of YPFG in pneumonia treatment has not been established. This network pharmacology-based strategy has been performed to elucidate active compounds as well as mechanisms of YPFG in pneumonia treatment. Methods. First, active compounds of YPFG were identified in the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and then the targets related to the active compounds were obtained from TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Next, using DisGeNET, DrugBank, and GeneCards databases, we got therapeutic targets of pneumonia and common targets between pneumonia targets and YPFG. After that, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of pneumonia composed of common targets was built to analyze the interactions among these targets, which focused on screening for hub targets by topology. Then, online software and the ClusterProfiler package were utilized for the enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data. Finally, the visualization software of Autodock was used for molecular docking among the hub target proteins. Results. 10 hub genes were selected by comparing the GO and KEGG functions of pneumonia targets with those of the common targets of YPFG and pneumonia. By using molecular docking technology, a total of 3 active ingredients have been verified as being able to combine closely with 6 hub targets and contribute to their therapeutic effects. Conclusion. This research explored the multigene pharmacological mechanism of action of YPFG against pneumonia through network pharmacology. The findings present new ideas for studying the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine against pneumonia caused by bacteria.

Abstract Background Most severe, critical, or mortal COVID-19 cases often had a relatively stable period before their status worsened. We developed a deterioration risk model of COVID-19 (DRM-COVID-19) to predict exacerbation risk and optimize disease management on admission. Method We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study with 239 confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients. A combination of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), change-in-estimate (CIE) screened out independent risk factors for the multivariate logistic regression model (DRM-COVID-19) from 44 variables, including epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and lung CT features. The compound study endpoint was progression to severe, critical, or mortal status. Additionally, the model's performance was evaluated for discrimination, accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility, through internal validation using bootstrap resampling (1000 times). We used a nomogram and a network platform for model visualization. Results In the cohort study, 62 cases reached the compound endpoint, including 42 severe, 18 critical, and two mortal cases. DRM-COVID-19 included six factors: dyspnea [odds ratio (OR) 4.89;confidence interval (95% CI) 1.53–15.80], incubation period (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.68–0.99), number of comorbidities (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.03–3.05), D-dimer (OR 7.05; 95% CI, 1.35–45.7), C-reactive protein (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.1), and semi-quantitative CT score (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.27–1.82). The model showed good fitting (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness, X2(8) = 7.0194, P = 0.53), high discrimination (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC, 0.971; 95% CI, 0.949–0.992), precision (Brier score = 0.051) as well as excellent calibration and clinical benefits. The precision-recall (PR) curve showed excellent classification performance of the model (AUCPR = 0.934). We prepared a nomogram and a freely available online prediction platform ( https://deterioration-risk-model-of-covid-19.shinyapps.io/DRMapp/ ). Conclusion We developed a predictive model, which includes the including incubation period along with clinical and lung CT features. The model presented satisfactory prediction and discrimination performance for COVID-19 patients who might progress from mild or moderate to severe or critical on admission, improving the clinical prognosis and optimizing the medical resources.

Objectives Combination treatment with erlotinib plus bevacizumab has the potential to become a standard treatment regimen for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm(+)) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with EGFRm(+) advanced NSCLC. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched, from inception to 15 January 2022. Eligibility criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), reported in English, assessing the efficacy of erlotinib plus bevacizumab versus erlotinib monotherapy in patients with EGFRm(+) advanced NSCLC. Data extraction and synthesis The main objective was to assess overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used where there was evidence for homogeneous effects. Results Four RCTs (reported across six publications) were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 775 patients included in the pooled analyses of PFS, OS and ORR (387 in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab intervention group and 388 in the erlotinib group). Compared with the erlotinib alone group, the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group achieved a significantly prolonged PFS (HR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.72; p<0.00001; I-2=0%), but OS (HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.15; p=0.59; I-2=0%) and ORR (OR: 1.25; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.74; p=0.19; I-2=0%) were not significantly prolonged. A total of 776 cases were used for a pooled analysis of AEs. Regarding AEs, combined treatment significantly increased the incidence of diarrhoea (51% vs 43%, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38; p=0.006), haemorrhagic events (41% vs 20%, 95% CI 1.12 to 6.31; p=0.03), proteinuria (25% vs 3%, 95% CI 4.86 to 17.66; p<0.0001) and hypertension (40% vs 8%, 95% CI 3.66 to 7.88; p<0.0001). Conclusions Erlotinib plus bevacizumab for the treatment of patients with EGFRm(+) advanced NSCLC was associated with significantly prolonged PFS compared with erlotinib alone, but the combination did not prolong OS.

The clinical progression of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains pessimistic. The aim of the present study was to promote the understanding of the clinical significance and mechanism of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) in SCLC. Wilcoxon tests, standardized mean difference (SMD), and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized to compare OGT level differences among the experimental and control groups. The univariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to determine OGT's clinical relevance in cancers. The Spearman correlation analysis and enrichment analysis were utilized to explore the underlying mechanisms of OGT in cancers. For the first time in the field, we provide an overview of OGT in 32 cancers using a large number of samples (n = 21,196), determining distinct OGT expression in 25 cancers and its prognosis effects in 12 cancers. Furthermore, using 950 samples from multiple sources, upregulated OGT was found in both mRNA and protein levels in SCLC (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI [0.24, 1.63]). Higher OGT levels represented a more unfavorable disease-free interval for SCLC patients (p < 0.001). The research also identified OGT expression as a potential marker for SCLC prediction (sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.86, and AUC = 0.88). The high expression of OGT in SCLC may result from the positive regulation of two transcription factors-DEK and XRN2. We primarily investigated the underlying mechanisms of OGT in SCLC. Herein, based on the analyses from pan-cancer to SCLC, OGT demonstrated conspicuous clinical significance. OGT may be an underlying biomarker for the treatment and identification of some cancers, including SCLC.

Anti-infection strategies against pleural empyema include the use of antibiotics and drainage treatments, but bacterial eradication rates remain low. A major challenge is the formation of biofilms in the pleural cavity. DNase has antibiofilm efficacy in vitro , and intrapleural therapy with DNase is recommended to treat pleural empyema, but the relevant mechanisms remain limited. Our aim was to investigate whether DNase I inhibit the early biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa - or Staphylococcus aureus -induced empyema models. We used various assays, such as crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Our results suggested that DNase I significantly inhibited early biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the growth of P. aeruginosa or S. aureus in vitro . CLSM analysis confirmed that DNase I decreased the biomass and thickness of both bacterial biofilms. The PNA-FISH and SEM analyses also revealed that DNase I inhibited early (24h) biofilm formation in two empyema models. Thus, the results indicated that DNase inhibited early (24h) biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa - or S. aureus -induced rabbit empyema models and showed its therapeutic potential against empyema biofilms.

Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has a large population base of infection, and only worsening cases required hospitalization. A hospitalization risk score of COVID-19(HRS-COVID-19) to identify and treat worsening patients early thus seems crucial. Method: We conducted a multicenter nested case-control study with 200 cases enrolling confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients from four designated hospitals before worsened. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO), Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)and Change-in-Estimate(CIE) screened out independent risk factors for HRS-COVID-19 from demographic, clinical and imaging data of the cases. The HRS-COVID-19 was evaluated by the area under curve(AUC), calibration curve, decision curve and clinical impact curve; internal validation by the bootstrap-resampling(boot=1000); and through a nomogram and a network calculator to show. Results: In the nested case cohort, 50 patients reached the compound endpoint(requiring hospitalization) and 150 patients were able to avoid hospitalization. Dyspnea, incubation period, age, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein and semi-quantitative CT scores were included in HRS-COVID-19. The HRS-COVID-19 has good fitting(Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness, P =0.45); high discrimination(AUC 0.980,95%CI, 0.965-0.996); with excellent calibration and clinical benefits. We make a free online risk calculator (https://hospitalization-risk-score-of-covid-19.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/). Conclusion: In the study, the HRS-COVID-19 based on the clinical characteristics at admission is helpful for early identification and active treatment of aggravated high-risk COVID-19 patients.

BackgroundBacterial biofilms generally contribute to chronic infections and complicate effective treatment outcomes. To date, there have been no reports describing biofilm formation in animal models of septic arthritis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium which can lead to septic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to establish a rabbit model of septic arthritis caused by P. aeruginosa to determine whether it leads to biofilm formation in the knee joint cavity. In addition, we explored the role of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) concentrations in biofilm formation in rabbit models.MethodsTwenty rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: PAO1 (n = 4), PAO1ΔwspF (n = 4), PAO1/plac-yhjH (n = 4) infection group, Luria–Bertani (LB) broth (n = 4), and magnesium tetrasilicate (talc) (n = 4) control groups. Inoculation in the rabbit knee of P. aeruginosa or with the same volume of sterile LB or talc in suspension (control group) was used to induce septic arthritis in the animal model. In the infection groups, septic arthritis was caused by PAO1, PAO1ΔwspF, and PAO1/plac-yhjH strains, respectively. Rabbits were euthanized after 7 days, and pathological examination of synovial membrane was performed. The biofilms on the surface of the synovial membrane were observed by scanning electron microscopy, while the biofilms’ fiber deposition was discriminated using peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH).ResultsA rabbit model for knee septic arthritis induced by P. aeruginosa was successfully established. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PAO1 strains were surrounded in a self-produced extracellular matrix on the surface of synovial membrane and showed biofilm structures. The biofilms in the fibrous deposition were also observed by PNA-FISH. The PNA-FISH assay revealed that the red fluorescence size in the PAO1ΔwspF group was greater than in PAO1 and PAO1/plac-yhjH groups.ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide evidence that P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in a rabbit model for septic knee arthritis. The rabbit model can be used to investigate new approaches to treatment of biofilms in septic arthritis. Furthermore, c-di-GMP is a key signaling molecule which impacts on biofilm formation in rabbit models of knee septic arthritis.

患者女性,44岁,因反复咳嗽、咳痰10余年,气促1年,再发1个月入院.患者主诉10余年前无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳黄脓痰,痰中偶有带血.1年前开始出现气促,期间病情反复发作.1个月前症状加重,遂于2019年5月8日入院,行胸部CT示气管、部分支气管壁弥漫性增厚、钙化及部分狭窄(图1).既往体健,有柴火烟雾接触史.入院查体:浅表淋巴结无肿大,气管居中,双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及少量湿哕音.入院诊断:气管支气管病变性质待查:气管支气管软骨炎?淀粉样变?其它?入院后行支气管镜检查,见气管及部分支气管弥漫性布满结节样新生物,质硬(图2),支气管腔内可见黏稠脓性分泌物.治疗上予抗感染、化痰、解痉等治疗,患者症状好转,于2019年5月20日出院.

Two-drug combination chemotherapy, often including cisplatin and one other drug, remains the standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To improve the treatment of late-stage NSCLC and decrease the toxicity of combination chemotherapy, the search for novel drugs remains vigorous. Ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5F), a bioactive compound isolated from the herb Pteris semipinnata L., has previously been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in various cancer cells. One outstanding property of 5F is its minimal side effects. In the present study, 5F was combined with cisplatin to treat NCI-H23 cells; proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were measured by an MTT assay, Annexin V staining/flow cytometry and propidium iodide staining/flow cytometry, respectively. The messenger RNA levels of β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, c-Myc and cyclin D1 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein levels of β-catenin and GSK-3β were measured by western blot analysis. The results revealed that 5F and cisplatin synergistically induced apoptosis and inhibited cell growth, arrested cell cycles in the G0/G1 phase, downregulated β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1, and upregulated GSK-3β. These findings merit in vivo studies using animal models of NSCLC to confirm the addition of 5F as a third drug to cisplatin-based combination therapy for late-stage NSCLC.

Objective: To investigate medical postgraduates'quality of life ( QOL) and its influencing factors, to provide support for interven-tions.Methods:495 medical postgraduates were surveyed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brie (QOL-B).Results: The scores of physiology, psychology, social relationship and environment domain were (61.40 ±11.91), (58.61 ±12.79), (60.71 ±15.62) and (52.91 ±13.82) respectively.In psychological field of quality of life, the scores of medical postgraduates from the most harmonious family are higher than the others; in physical and psychological field, the scores of the first-grader medical postgraduates were higher than the second-grade, and the scores of the Second-grade medical postgraduates are higher than the Third-grade.In social relationship and environmental field of quality of life, the scores of married postgraduates were higher than the unmarried.In physical, psychological and environmental field, the scores of medical postgraduates from the university of 985, 211 were higher than the others; The higher degree of professional satisfaction, the higher the quality of life score in all field; Logistic regression analysis showed the degree of professional satisfaction and health status influence medical postgraduates'self-evaluation of quality of life.Conclusion: Overall, the QOL of medical postgraduates is good, the degree of profes-sional satisfaction, health status, marriage and grades are the influencing factors of the QOL of medical postgraduates.

Objective To explore depression status in preoperative patients and its influence factors, and provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. Methods A total of 734 preoperative patients were investigated by self-rating depression scale(SDS). Results Among the 734 patients, there were 558(76.02%) without depression,162(22.07%) of mild depression, 12(1.63%) of moderate depression, and 2(0.27%) of severe depression. The incidence of depression was 24.00%. Single factor analysis showed that gender, age, education level, career, income level,payment ways, smoking, and drug were correlated with depression among preoperative patients(P0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, income level and smoking were the influence factor of depression in preoperative patients. Conclusion The main influence factors of depression for preoperative patients are gender, age, income level and smoking, which should be paid attention to by medical staff and family in order to reduce the incidence of depression.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and a serious threat to human health. EGFR - TKI has become the hot topic in non - small cell lung cancer. EGFR - TKI is the first - line treatmen on EGFR gene mutations in lung cancer,EGFR - TKI has been used for first - line therapy,second - line treatment and main-tenance therapy in non - small cell lung cancer. Although the results of EGFR - TKI for patients with non - small cell lung cancer has been effective,with the progression of the disease,it inevitably may lead to durg resistance. In this paper,we made a review on the treatment after resistance to first generation EGFR - TKI in patients with non - small cell lung cancer.

目的 了解廉江市居民糖尿病认知情况,为糖尿病健康教育提供科学依据.方法 2014年7～8月对廉江市503名居民进行糖尿病认知情况的问卷调查.结果 调查503人,糖尿病知识知晓的161人,总体知晓率为32.01％.男性知晓率高于女性(P＞0.05),文化程度大专及以上居民高于高中及以下居民(P＜0.01).63.62％的居民从未测过血糖,1.39％的居民获取糖尿病知识是通过政府宣传,34.45％的居民不清楚糖尿病是否可根治,41.74％的居民认为糖尿病会严重影响日常生活,超过半数(50.70％)的居民认为戒烟戒酒是预防糖尿病的主要途径.结论 廉江市居民对糖尿病相关知识认知不足.

目的 了解硕士研究生医学统计学知识掌握情况及课程教学效果.方法 对广东医学院湛江校区2013级全体在读215名硕士研究生进行问卷调查.结果 调查215人,72.09％在硕士入学前学习过统计学,56.28％没参与过任何研究,88.84％认为十分有必要单独设置统计学软件教学课程,对常用实验设计方法熟悉者不足35％,多数研究生对基本统计方法掌握较好,但对高级统计方法掌握程度较低.36.74％的研究生比较满意医学统计学教学效果,60.93％感觉尚可,2.33％感到不满意.结论 硕士研究生医学统计学教学效果尚可,应进一步优化教学内容和教学方式,注重培养研究生统计设计及统计实践能力,达到更好的教学效果.

目的 探讨湘西南少数民族地区居民生存质量现状,分析其影响因素.方法 随机抽取湖南省新宁县少数民族地区482名居民,采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)进行问卷调查.结果 全部482名居民生存质量得分生理领域(58.42±14.73)分,心理领域(57.37±13.39)分,社会关系领域(60.20±15.05)分,环境领域(52.40±13.92)分;生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域生存质量高文化程度居民高于低文化程度居民(F=23.235、24.222、19.602、16.838,P＜0.05),非农业劳动者高于农业劳动者(t=-3.838、-3.723、-3.139、-3.154,P＜0.05),高收入居民高于低收入居民(F=15.400、15.953、5.988、18.042,P＜0.05),未婚居民高于已婚居民、离婚和丧偶居民(F=15.400、15.953、5.988、18.042,P＜0.05),年龄越大,生存质量得分越低(F=31.191、14.614、12.146、11.211,P＜0.05);社会关系领域生存质量其他少数民族居民高于瑶族居民和汉族居民(F=4.514,P＜0.05);不同性别居民生存质量得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示年龄、民族、文化程度是少数民族地区居民生存质量自我综合评分的影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 湘西南少数民族地区居民生存质量的影响因素主要有文化程度、民族、收入水平等.应从教育、民族交流、经济发展等方面提高少数民族居民的生存质量.