目的:基于南京地区蚊虫侵害密度,建立季节性差分自回归移动平均模型预测方法,为进一步防控蚊媒病和开展爱国卫生运动提供新的思路和方法.方法:应用季节性差分自回归移动平均模型对2019年蚊虫密度进行预测.结果:拟合后的预测模型为ARIMA(2,1,0)(1,1,0)12,模型残差序列为白噪声,模型预测拟合后R2=0.907.结论:模型预测的拟合效果较好,说明ARIMA模型适用于开展蚊虫侵害预测研究.

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Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, non-motile and rod- to coccoid-shaped bacterial strains, 23H37-10T and 4HC-13, were isolated from the faeces of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) at Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Optimal growth was observed at 35-37 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 0.5-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 were identical. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses indicated that strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 formed an independent cluster within the genus Corynebacterium and showed 98.8, 97.4, 97.4 and 97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Corynebacterium urogenitale LMM 1652T, Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109T, Corynebacterium falsenii DSM 44353T and Corynebacterium jeikeium NCTC 11913T, respectively. Cells contained C18 :1 ω9c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol mannosides, two unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. Strain 23H37-10T contained mycolic acids, with meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose as the major whole-cell hydrolysates. The genome G+C content of strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 was 55.2 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 were 94.4 and 99.6 %, respectively. Strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 had dDDH and ANI values of less than 70 and 96 % with all available genomes of the genus Corynebacterium, respectively. The differential genotypic inferences, together with phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, suggested that strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 represent a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium anserum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 23H37-10T (=GDMCC 1.1737T=KACC 21672T).

Objective:To understand the molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxin 2e subtype isolated from different sources in China. Methods:Three human-derived, 13 animal-derived and eight food-derived stx2e-positive Escherichia coli strains which were isolated during 2012 to 2018 were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. The stx subtype, serotype, multi-locus sequence type, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes of each strain were determined by whole genome sequences. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic composition of Shiga-toxin prophage were explored. Results:Twenty-four stx2e-STEC strains were typed into 19 O∶H serotypes and 19 sequence types (STs). Each strain carried at least one kind of antimicrobial resistance gene and 19 out of 24 strains were resistant to at least one kind of antimicrobials. Three human-derived strains were heterogenous in serotypes and STs, but there were several animal and food-derived strains shared the same serotype or ST with human strains and showed close relationship in the phylogenetic analysis. The sequences of stx2e among all strains were highly conserved (similarity >99.7%), but there were significant differences in the size and the gene composition of Shiga toxin prophage genome. Conclusions:This is report about the characteristics of rare human-derived Stx2e-STEC strains in China. Comparing human isolates with animal-and food-derived strains, it indicates that Stx2e-STEC strains are highly genetic diversity and have the potential to infect humans.

Two rod-shaped and Gram-stain-positive bacteria (strains C64T and C62) were isolated in 2020 from faeces of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) from Poyang Lake, PR China. Their optimal growth conditions were at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The two isolates showed a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bowdeniella nasicola DSM 19116T (92.1 %). Phylogenetic/phylogenomic analyses indicated that strains C64T and C62 clustered independently in the vicinity of the genera Varibaculum, Winkia and Mobiluncus within the family Actinomycetaceae, but could not be classified clearly as members of any of these known genera. The average amino acid identity values between our isolates and available genomes of members of the family Actinomycetaceae were around the genus threshold value (45-65 %). The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and cardiolipin. The amino acid composition of peptidoglycan contained alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. The major respiratory menaquinones were MK-8(H4) and MK-9(H4). The whole cell sugars included galactose, arabinose and glucose. On the basis of the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequences comparison, whole-genome phylogenomic analysis, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strains C64T and C62 represent a novel species belonging to a novel genus within the family Actinomycetaceae, for which the name Nanchangia anserum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Nanchangia anserum C64T (=CGMCC 1.18410T=GDMCC 1.1969T=KCTC 49511T=KACC 22143T).

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important pathogen that can cause zoonotic diseases. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of STEC in China, non-O157 STEC isolates, recovered from domestic animals and humans from 12 provinces, were analyzed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome characterization. Out of the 298 isolates tested, 115 strains showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial and 85 strains showed multidrug resistance. The highest resistance rate was to tetracycline (32.6%), followed by nalidixic acid (25.2%) and chloramphenicol and azithromycin (both 18.8%). However, imipenem and meropenem were effective against all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among strains from different sources. Strains from pig, sheep, humans, and cattle showed resistance rates of 100.0%, 46.9%, 30.3%, and 6.3% to one or more antimicrobials, respectively. Forty-three genes related to 11 antimicrobial classes were identified among these strains. The colistin-resistance gene mcr was only carried by strains from pigs. A new fosfomycin-resistant gene, fosA7, was detected in strains from humans, cattle, and sheep. Whole genome phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from the four sources were genetically diverse and scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree; however, some strains from the same source had a tendency to cluster closely. These results provide a reference to monitor the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant STEC strains among animals and humans. Furthermore, with a better understanding of antimicrobial genotypes and phenotypes among the diverse STEC strains obtained, this study could guide the administration of antimicrobial drugs in STEC infections when necessary.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli ( E. coli) producing a novel Shiga toxin 2k subtype in goat in Lanling county, Shandong province. Methods:In November 2019, 512 goat fecal samples were collected from different households in Lanling county, Shandong province. After enriched with EC broth, stx-positive samples were detected by PCR and inoculated in CHROMagar? ECC agar and CHROMagar? STEC agar. The whole genomes of stx-positive strains were sequenced. Based on the genomic senquences, the stx subtype, serotype, multi-locus sequence type and virulence genes of each strain were analyzed. Results:Eighty-six strains of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were isolated from 512 goat fecal samples. Five stx subtypes were identified and 37 strains were positive for stx2k. The 86 STEC strains belonged to 20 O∶H serotypes and 18 different sequence types (STs). Conclusions:STEC strains circulating in goats in Lanling county, Shandong province were heterogeneous in stx subtypes, serotypes and virulence gene profiles, and a certain proportion of strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2k subtype were detected.

目的 分析苏州市中小学校教学环境卫生现况,为教育及卫生健康部门确定重点学校公共卫生问题提供理论依据.方法 按比例分层抽取苏州10区县学校共204所1 253间教室,统计描述各教学环境卫生检测指标合格率及城乡、学段差异,采用Spearman相关探究学生近视与各检测指标相关关系.结果 灯桌间距合格率最高,为98.56％;课桌椅符合率最低,为0.96％.灯桌间距、黑板面平均照度、黑板壁反射比、教室人均面积、教室CO2体积百分比浓度合格率城乡差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);采光系数、后墙壁反射比、课桌面及黑板面平均照度、教室人均面积、教室CO2体积百分比浓度合格率不同学段差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);视力不良率与课桌面照度合格率的相关有统计学意义(r=0.42,P＜0.05).结论 苏州地区课桌椅符合率及教室采光指标应是重点关注方向.卫生健康部门应实行差异化治理,根据各区县、学段重点卫生问题,有针对性地制定治理计划.

目的:分析2016年全国社区卫生服务中心投入-产出效率及环境因素对效率的影响,提出相应建议.方法:利用全国各省份社区卫生服务中心相关数据,采用三阶段数据包络模型(Three-stage DEA model)剔除环境变量与随机误差,定量评价其综合运营效率、纯技术效率、规模效率.结果:三阶段全国社区卫生服务中心规模报酬递增状态(77.4％),规模报酬递减状态(6.5％),固定规模报酬状态(16.1％)."净综合运营效率"均值:东部(0.714)>中部(0.590)>西部(0.548).结论:北京、山西、内蒙古等8省份相关机构发展应侧重资源规模的扩增,江苏省有规模扩张风险,应重点考虑卫生资源的合理分配.上海、浙江等5省份综合运营效率始终有效,值得其他省份参考学习.

目的构建广州市白纹伊蚊密度自回归积分移动平均模型（ARIMA）并进行预测。方法应用R语言3.4.4将2009年1月至2017年5月的白纹伊蚊月密度数据构建ARIMA模型,进行整体回代评价拟合效果,比较2017年6-12月预测值与真实值,评价外推效果,对2018年白纹伊蚊密度进行预测。结果白纹伊蚊密度监测数据构建ARIMA（0,1,1）（0,1,1）12模型,赤池信息准则（AIC）=-268.83,平稳R2=0.427;残差序列为白噪声（P＞0.05）,且方差齐性,证明模型有效;2017年6-12月预测值与实际值基本一致,均方根误差（RMSE）=0.087 4,平均绝对误差（MAE）=0.028 3,模型外推良好。结论 ARIMA模型能够较好地预测广州市白纹伊蚊密度消长趋势。