Objective To study the effect of n-hexane on DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes and to provide experimental data for its study of genotoxic in rats.Methods 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups,namely negative control group,low(75 mg/kg),middle(150 mg/kg),and high(300 mg/kg)dosage groups and positive control(cyclophosphamide)group.Administrations were done by intraperitoneal injection according to above-mentioned dosages.After four weeks' exposure,the general status and the changes of body weight were recorded and DNA damages of peripheral lymphocytes were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE).Results As the time goes by,the body weight of rats kept on increasing in each group and that of the negative control group increased more quickly than the high dose group,the difference was significant(P0.05).No obvious toxic symptom was found in each group.The SCGE results of peripheral lymphocytes show that the tail length,tail DNA %,tail moment and Olive tail moment increased with the increase of dosages.When the tail length(63.84±19.79),tail DNA %(28.78±6.99),tail moment(15.47±8.60)and Olive tail moment(10.60±4.89)of the positive group were compared with those of the negative control,the difference was significant(P0.01).When the tail length and tail DNA % of rats in low,middle and high dose groups were compared with those of the negative control group,the difference was significant(P0.05,P0.01).Tail moment and Olive tail moment of rats in middle and high dose groups were higher than those of the negative control group,the difference was significant(P0.05,P0.01).Correlation analysis between tail moment and dosage shows positive correlation(r=0.978,P0.05).Conclusions n-Hexane could induce DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes.n-Hexane might have certain mutagenicity.

Objective To study the effect of n-hexane on lipid peroxidation damage and hepatic cell apoptosis in rats.Method 40 SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,namely negative control group,75 mg/kg n-hexane group,150 mg/kg n-hexane group,300 mg/kg n-hexane group and positive control group(cyclophosphamide),8 rats for each group.Administrations had been given by intraperitoneal injection for four weeks,then the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in hepatic homogenate and the levels of GSH and MDA in serum apoptosis rate of the hepatic cell were detected,respectively.Result The results showed that with the increasing of n-hexane dosage,the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in hepatic homogenate and the concentration level of GSH in serum were reduced,while the serum MDA level was increased,there were statistic significances among the groups(P0.05 or P0.01).The detection of hepatocytic apoptosis rate by FCM showed that there were also some differences existed among the groups,but no correlation between dosage and apoptosis rate was found(r=0.913,P0.05).Conclusion n-Hexane could induce or enhance the lipid peroxdation damage,hepatocytic apoptosis or necrosis in rats.

[Objective]To study the effect of n-Hexane on hepatic cell apoptosis in rats.[Methods]40 SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,namely groups of negative control,75?150?300 mg/kg and positive control(cyclophosphamide).Rats were administrated with n-Hexane through intraperitoneal injection.After the dosages were given according to the weight of rats for four weeks,the rats' general status and the changes of its weight were recorded to detect apoptosis rate of the hepatic cell by FCM.[Results]The body weight of the rats increased in each group with time and it increased more quickly in the negative control group than others.The detected apoptosis rate of the hepatic cell by FCM among the groups were statistically significant,no correlation between dosage and apoptosis rate was found(r = 0.913,P﹥0.05).[Conclusion]n-Hexane can increase the proportion of apoptosis and cellular necrosis of the rats' hepatic cell.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for testing the content of icariin in Yinyangsu capsules. Methods: An Lichrospher C18 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used as the column, and column C18 as the protecting column. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile -20 g/L acetum (30 : 70) in a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detected wavelength was 270 nm. Column temperature was room temperature and the injection quantity was 10 μL. The sample was prepared when we added 50% (V/V) alcohol and then made ultrasonic extraction. Measurement was made after the prepared sample was filtrated on 0. 45 μm filter paper. Results: Icariin in the sample was well separated. The linear range was 10.0-60.0 mg/L. The linear equation was C = 2. 042 × 10-5 A + 0.554, while the correlation coefficient was 0.999 3; the average recovery was 99.8% and RSD was 0.65% (n=6). Conclusion: This method can be used in content measurement of Yinyangsu capsules.

Objective: To analyze the nutritional composition, and explore the antioxidation and selenium supplement of the embryo extract from chicken(EEC). Methods: The nutritional composition was determined by the national standard technique. The animal test used the method of Selenium-malnutrition in mice. Totally 100 healthy male mice were selected. In the first four weeks, mice in high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose groups and selenium-malnutrition control group were fed with selenium-malnutrition forage, while the base control group was fed with common forage; from the 5th to the end of 8th week, forage of high-dose, medium-dose, or low-dose was added to EEC and forage protein level was adjusted with egg white powder. Results: Per 100 g EEC contained protein of 56.4 g, K of 819 mg, Fe of 18.4 mg, Se of 139.0 μg, vitamin A of 1 679 μg, vitamin D of 21.25 μg, and vitamin B2 of 2.61 mg. In animal test by the end of the 8th week, compared with the Se-malnutrition group, the blood selenium level in mice of EEC high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose groups recovered (P<0.05) . Glutathione peroxidase in the blood, brain, kidney, and liver in mice enhanced with the increase of EEC (P<0.05). MDA in the blood, brain, kidney, and liver in mice declined (P<0.05). Conclusion: EEC is an excellent protein. It contains rich mineral elements and vitamins. It may efficaciously improve the status of selenium-malnutrition in mice, and has the antioxidative effect.

目的 建立治带片中苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法.方法 色谱柱:Lichrospher-NH2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),C18保护柱;流动相:乙腈-无水乙醇-0.5 mol/L磷酸水溶液(80∶10∶10);检测波长212 nm;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温:室温;进样量20 μL.结果 苦参碱和氧化苦参碱线性范围均为1.0-10.0 μg/mL,回归方程苦参碱为:C=1.201×10-4A+0.161,r=0.9992;氧化苦参碱为:C=1.366×10-4A+0.221,r=0.9996,平均回收率分别为99.9%和99.4%,RSD分别为1.48%和4.33%.结论 本法简便快捷,结果准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制.

Objective To evaluate the weight control and mechanism of curcumin on simplicity obesity rats.Methods To assess the weight control function,different dose of curcumin were given to the model of simplicity obesity rats.The blood lipids,liver and nephridium function were measured.Pathological and transmission electron microscrope were used to observe the changes of lipocyte.Results Different dose of curcumin on the model of simplicity obesity rats could cause a significant diminished weight and content of lipocyte,decrease level of serum TC,increase level of serum HDL,apoA.A significant diminished volume and content of lipocyte of karyotheca and cytoplasm in the ultrastructure of lipocyte were also found.Conclusion The curcumin has the weight control function through improving the level of serum apoA,promoting HDL-C synthesis,decreasing the level of serum apoB,accelerating LDL-C decomposition,and then accelerating the level of serum TC and TG decomposition.

Objective To explore the feasibility of assessing the genotoxic effect for surface-water pollution using carp erythrocytes with comet test.Method Measure the incidences of DNA damage and microneucleus in erythrocytes of cyprinoids which were respectively taken from five rivers with different pollution index(PI)by single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE,or comet test)and micronucleus test.Result Comet test showed that all the carp RBCs had DNA damage that significantly differed from the controls(P0.05),there was obvious positive correlation between severity and pollution level,and quite consistent trend showed in micronucleus test.Conclusion The results suggested that detecting the DNA damage of carp RBCs with comet test might reflect the pollution level of surface-water.

Objective: To establish a determination method of ferulic acid in Jianpibuxue tablets. Methods: HPLC was used with Lichrospher C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) as the column. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.378 mol/L acetum (30: 70) and in a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; The detective wavelength was 321 nm; Column temperature was room temperature and the injection quantity was 10 μL. Results: Ferulic acid in samples was well separated. The linear range was 1.0-10.0 mg/L (r = 0.9996). The average recovery was 99.8% and RSD was 0.26% (n = 6). Conclusion: This method can be used for quality control of ferulic acid in Jianpibuxue tablets.

目的 观察铅对大鼠学习记忆行为、海马神经元细胞凋亡及Bcl 2、Bax基因表达的影响 ,探讨铅对大鼠学习记忆行为及神经毒性损伤的可能机制。方法 32只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高铅剂量组 ,采用自由饮水染毒90d后建立动物模型。用TUNEL法测定海马神经元细胞凋亡状况 ;SP免疫组织化学技术观察Bcl 2、Bax蛋白表达。结果 TUNEL染色结果显示 :海马CA1、CA3、DG区各染铅组与对照组间神经元细胞凋亡指数 （AI）有非常显著性差异 （P ＜0 .0 1）。免疫组化染色结果显示 ,在海马CA1、CA3、DG区 ,Bcl 2蛋白表达阳性神经细胞均随染铅剂量增大而减少 ,各染铅组与对照组间有非常显著性差异 （P ＜0 .0 1） ;Bax蛋白表达阳性神经元细胞随染铅剂量增大而逐渐增多 ,各染铅组与对照组间比较有非常显著性差异 （P ＜0 .0 1）。结论 铅引起海马神经元细胞凋亡可能是铅损害学习记忆的重要机制之一 ,而铅可能通过影响凋亡调控基因Bcl 2、Bax诱导海马神经元细胞凋亡。

Objective To find out the mechanism of the effects of lead on learning and memory, and neurotoxic injury and observe the effects of sub-chronic lead exposure on rats' learning and memory behavior, neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus. Methods A total of 32 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, the low, middle and high Pb groups. They had been assigned to distilled water containing 0, 0.002%, 0.02% and 0.2% lead acetate (PbAc•3H2O) by drinking water for 90 days. We observed neuron apoptosis by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferse mediated dUTP nick end labeling) and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus by SP immunohistochemistry. Results The results of TUNEL showed that there were obvious significant differences between the low, middle, high lead exposure groups and control group (P＜0.01). The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the positive expression of Bcl-2 in hippocampus CAl, CA3, and DG region was decreased with increased exposure to lead. The exposed groups had significant difference from control group (P＜0.01); the positive expression of Bax in hippocampus CAl, CA3, and DG region was increased with increased exposure to lead. There were obviously significant differences between the low, middle, high lead-exposure groups and control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Sub-chronic lead exposure can induce the abnormality of neuronal apoptosis and decrease the positive expression of Bcl-2, increase the positive expression of Bax in the rat hippocampus CAl, CA3, and DG region. As a regulating gene of PCD, Bcl-2 and Bax may participate in hippocampus neuron apoptosis induced by lead.

Objective: To explore the effects of lead exposure during intrauterine and lactation in filial rats on neuron apoptosis and the expressions of bcl-2 and bax genes in hippocampus formation and the relationship between them. Methods: SD rats were exposed to 2000 mg·L-1 of lead acetate in their drinking water for 6 weeks, and then mated. Their offsprings were exposed to lead only during intrauterine and lactation. At postnatal day 21 (PN21d), the neuron apoptosis was examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotined nicked end labeling (TUNEL) in the different hippocampal subareas. The expressions of the bcl-2 and bax gene were examined with SP immuno-histochemistry. Results: The indices of neuron apoptosis in CA1, CA3 and DG regions of lead-exposed offsprings were significantly higher than those of control (P<0.01). The expression of bcl-2 of lead-exposed offsprings was significantly lower than those of control, and the expression of bax of the lead-exposed was significantly higher than that of control. Conclusions: Lead may cause neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus through the down regulation of bcl-2 gene expression and the up regulation of bax expression.

镧系元素在生物体内的效应及其医疗保健作用逐渐受到关注[1].分光光度法只可测定总稀土元素,由于各稀土元素间共振线相差较大,故原子吸收法是理想的单一稀土元素分析方法,但又受限于该类元素严重的记忆效应[2].本实验利用镀钽锆热解石墨管测定生物样品中微量镧,消除了记忆效用,提高了检测灵敏度和精密度及石墨管的寿命.

目的通过对宫内及哺乳期铅接触仔鼠海马bcl-2和bax基因表达水平的检测,探讨其在铅引起学习记忆障碍中的作用.方法采用饮水中加入醋酸铅的方法染毒SD大鼠(20,200,2 000 mg/L), 6周后交配,自然分娩,于仔鼠断乳后停止铅接触.用暗室电击试验测试仔鼠学习记忆行为改变,用原子吸收分光光度法测定血铅和脑铅含量,用S-P免疫组织化学法测定海马bcl-2和bax基因表达产物.结果 3个染铅组仔鼠学习记忆能力与对照组相比明显下降,染铅组仔鼠血铅和脑铅浓度均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).免疫组织化学测定结果显示,在海马CA1,CA3,DG(齿状回)区,bcl-2表达平均灰度值各染铅组与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.01), 即染铅组表达低于对照组;bax表达平均灰度值中、高剂量染铅组与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.01), 即染铅组表达高于对照组.结论宫内和哺乳期铅接触可损害仔鼠的学习记忆能力,作为凋亡调控基因bcl-2和bax参与了这一毒性损害过程.

Objective: To explore the effects of lead exposure during intrauterine and lactation in filial rats on learning and memory behavior and neuron apoptosis in hippocampus formation and the relationship between them. Methods: SD rats were exposed to 20, 200 and 2000 mg·L-1 of lead acetate in their drinking water for 6 weeks, and then mated. Their offsprings were exposed to lead only during intrauterine period and lactation. Blood and brain lead of the offsprings were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry at postnatal day 21(PN21). Darkroom electric stroke test was applied to study the effects of lead on learning and memory abilities. The neuron apoptosis was examined with HE histochemstry and terminal deoxynucleotiodyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results: Compared with those of the control, the learning and memory abilities of lead exposed offsprings were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The blood and brain lead contents of lead-exposed offsprings were significantly increased (P < 0. 05). The apoptosis indices of the hippocampal neuron in CA1, CA3 and DG regions of lead-exposed offsprings were significantly decreased than those of control (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lead exposure during intrauterine period and lactation can cause learning and memory behavior defects in filial rats. Hippocampus neuron apoptosis induced by lead might be an important pathologic basis for the damage of learning and memory abilities caused by lead.

预防医学本科生毕业实习是本专业教学计划中的重要内容，其目的是培养学生综合运用所学过的医学基础知识、专业知识与基本技能，提高其发现问题、分析问题与解决问题的能力。因此加强专业实习的管理与带教工作，对提高实习质量、使学生在进入工作岗位后能很快进入工作状态具有特别重要的意义。本人在本科室6年来带毕业生专题实习中加强教学管理，取得了明显的成效。