患儿女, 9岁。出生时头发卷曲, 前囟门两侧头发稀疏, 睫毛、眉毛正常。6个月后头发生长缓慢, 至4 ～ 5 cm后停止生长, 头发稀疏、卷曲, 颜色发黄, 发质粗糙无光泽, 易缠绕打结, 易扯断, 不易梳通。患儿生长发育正常。既往体健, 足月顺产, 母亲产检正常, 父母非近亲结婚, 均体健且毛发正常, 家族成员中无类似疾病患者。

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic since it broke out, and integrated Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the published literature on ICWM for COVID-19 at home and abroad, and compare their differences on hotspots and research fronts.MethodsPublications before Oct 31, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core database (WOS), PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), CiteSpace and VOSviewer to summarize the basic characteristics of publications, countries, institutions, keywords, and citations.ResultsWe included 580 English papers and 1727 Chinese papers in this study. The development trends in China and other countries are relatively asynchronous and show a smooth growth trend for the future. The most productive countries were China, India, and the United States, while the most productive domestic research institution was the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The clustering analysis of high-frequency keywords showed that Chinese literature focused on clinical studies of ICWM for COVID-19, such as retrospective studies, clinical features, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome analysis, while English literature focused on therapeutic mechanism studies and evidence-based medicine studies, such as systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and both of them paid attention to network pharmacological research and Qingfei Paidu Decoction. Sorting out the top 10 highly cited articles, Huang CL's article published in Lancet in 2020 was regarded as a cornerstone in the field.ConclusionThe treatment of COVID-19 by ICWM has become a worldwide research hotspot. Although there are differences in the specific contents among countries, the development trend of research types to the mechanism of action, and the development trend of research contents to the recovery period treatment and the prevention of COVID-19 by ICWM are consistent.

With the widespread prevalence of COVID-19, researchers have suggested a potential link between androgens and COVID-19 outcomes. However, the relationship between COVID-19 and androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-a condition strongly influenced by androgens-remains controversial in existing studies. Notably, there is a lack of large-scale clinical studies, particularly concerning data on the Chinese population after infection with the Omicron variant. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between AGA and severity of COVID-19 infection during the Omicron wave in China. We conducted this cross-sectional study of 1837 patients infected with Omicron variants, including 921 patients with AGA. The assessment of COVID-19 severity considered factors such as COVID-19 duration, the presence of fever, peak body temperature, and the fever duration. The results indicated that patients with AGA experienced milder overall COVID-19 symptoms than non-AGA patients. AGA was significantly associated with a shorter COVID-19 duration and fever duration, with this correlation being more pronounced in the female population. Males generally had a higher risk of fever (OR = 0.784,95% confidence interval = 0.622-0.99) but experienced a shorter COVID-19 duration. The regular use of antiandrogen therapy prior to Omicron infection did not significantly correlate with COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that 5-alpha reductase inhibitors-treated patients with AGA may not be able to relieve COVID-19 symptoms.

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) is one of the most serious respiratory pandemic diseases threatening human health for centuries. Alopecia areata (AA) is a sudden patchy hair loss, an autoimmune disease, which seriously affects the image and mental health of patients. Evidence shows that the risk of autoimmune diseases significantly increases after COVID-19, and is positively correlated with the severity, with a significant increase in the risk of alopecia in those over 40 years old. The relationship between COVID-19 and AA has become a hot topic of current research. Strengthening the research on the correlation between COVID-19 and AA can help to identify and protect susceptible populations at an early stage. This article reviews the research progress on the epidemiological background of COVID-19 and AA, the situation and possible mechanisms of AA induced by COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination, and potential treatment methods.

Objective: At the global level, a multi-country outbreak of monkeypox has attracted global attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the growing contribution of global research on monkeypox. Methods: Publications related to monkeypox were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science. Bibliometric analyses were conducted by VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to generate network maps, evaluate hot topics in the field, and identify cooperation patterns between different authors and countries. Results: A total of 1822 publications were retrieved to reflect the global overall monkeypox research output, including clinical trials, systematic reviews, case reports, and laboratory studies. The most productive country and institution were respectively the United States and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—USA (CDC). The top three authors with the highest number of publications were all from the CDC. Research hotspots included some monkeypox-related diseases, such as smallpox and vaccinia, and the prevention and treatment of monkeypox diseases, such as antiviral drugs and smallpox vaccines. Research fronts included real-time PCR, immune evasion, animal models, and monkeypox outbreak countries (Democratic Republic of Congo and others). Conclusions: Research on monkeypox is mainly carried out from the aspects of its source, transmission route, virus prevalence, and prevention and control measures. Controlling monkeypox is a global responsibility, and the future research into monkeypox control methods is suggested to focus on more than vaccines.

目的 挖掘金代医家张子和《儒门事亲》中治疗咳嗽的用药规律,为拓宽咳嗽的临床证治思路提供参考.方法 以《儒门事亲》中治疗咳嗽的方剂和医案为研究对象,建立数据库,使用R4.0.0软件对数据进行频次统计、关联规则及聚类分析.结果 共纳入方剂75首,涉及药物106味,累计用药频次470次,以补虚类、清热类、泻下类药物使用最多,常用药物为大黄、甘草、人参.药性以寒、温、平为主;药味以苦、辛、甘为主;归经分布以脾经、肺经、胃经为主;基于Apriori算法挖掘得到当归-甘草、大黄-白芍等26条关联规则,聚类分析得到黄柏-大黄-牵牛子、白矾-干姜等5首聚类方.结论 张子和辨治咳嗽用药主张寒温并用、攻补兼施,辛开苦降、注重调畅气机,脾肺同治,以祛痰止咳、理气降逆为基础治法,根据病邪不同兼以泻下通腑、温肺化饮、疏风清热、培土生金等,并善用吐剂、注重调摄,其辨治咳嗽的用药规律及学术思想对指导临床实践具有重要意义.

目的:对我国儿童用药安全性研究进行文献计量可视化分析,为提高我国儿童用药安全性提供参考.方法:以中国知网、万方、维普数据库为数据源,采用文献计量法和CiteSpace软件对文献年度发文量、作者和机构等进行统计分析,对关键词进行共现分析、聚类分析及突现分析,绘制可视化知识图谱.结果:共纳入4189篇文献,文献数量整体呈上升趋势;发文量最高的机构是首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院;国家级科研基金(自然科学基金和科技重大专项)资助项目较多;国内研究热点和前沿为儿童用药抗菌药物、抗癫痫药物、临床药师、中成药和处方点评等.结论:我国儿童用药安全性日趋受到关注与重视,各机构学者之间应加强交流合作,进一步提高研究质量.建议在未来儿童用药安全性研究中加强抗菌药物、抗癫痫药物、中成药等使用规范与管理,重视临床药师药学服务发展,优化处方点评流程,促进我国儿童用药事业高质量发展.

目的 探索我国循证中医药领域研究现状、热点及前沿趋势,为该领域学科发展提供参考.方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、维普期刊库和万方数据库,利用CiteSpace软件和文献计量法对文献的年度发文量、作者、机构、关键词等进行统计分析.结果 本研究共纳入3 154篇文献,年度文献发文量整体呈上升趋势,发文量最高的作者为刘建平,其发文量达106篇,且与其他作者间联系密切.中国中医科学院、北京中医药大学及天津中医药大学是高产机构,发文量均超过100篇,且合作相对广泛.循证医学、中医药学、评价、循证护理、综述、医学教育、临床研究等高频关键词(词频超过100次)形成研究热点主题.结论 我国循证中医药研究日趋受到重视,"循证医学""中医药学""循证护理""临床研究"等是该领域的研究热点.

目的 通过对近20年我国中药药事管理相关研究的文献分析,探析中药药事管理研究领域相关热点和前沿.方法 以中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库和万方数据知识服务平台为数据源,运用CiteSpace可视化工具,对文献年度发文量、作者、机构、期刊、关键词等内容进行分析,绘制可视化知识图谱.结果 共纳入4056篇中药药事管理研究文献,文献数量整体呈现稳定增长趋势.研究热点有中药产业、中药材、中药资源、国际化、中药饮片、知识产权等,研究前沿集中在产业链、人才培养、一带一路等.结论 中药药事管理研究备受关注和重视,中药资源保护、中药质量标准、中药饮片质量、中药知识产权保护为主流研究热点.如何完善中药产业链、培养具有创新能力和国际视野的高端人才、加快推进中药产业国际化进程是未来研究趋势.

目的:了解我国儿童用药领域真实世界研究的现状、热点与前沿,为儿童用药研发提供综合信息.方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库中与儿童用药相关的真实世界研究文献,包括观察性研究和试验性研究等,利用CiteSpace5.8.R3分析文献信息,并绘制可视化知识图谱.结果:最终纳入文献1665篇,发文时间跨度为1999-2021年,46.13％为观察性研究,以描述性研究类型为主;其次为试验性研究(16.67％),以实用性随机对照研究类型为主.我国儿童用药真实世界研究领域总体发文量呈递增趋势,发文作者及机构较集中,研究热点为药物不良反应、合理用药.研究内容主要为真实世界儿童用药综合评价(抗菌药物最常见),关注度最高的疾病是感染性疾病,研究数据来源以医院信息系统为主.研究趋势为超说明书用药现象与真实世界研究.结论:我国儿童用药领域真实世界研究备受关注,研究者及机构间合作较少.研究者应运用真实世界研究完善儿童药品临床综合评价,重视实用性临床研究,重视慢性病用药数据库建立,扩大真实世界研究数据来源.超说明书用药是未来该领域真实世界研究值得深入的研究方向.

目的:以某中医药大学中医药文化进校园志愿服务活动为中心,调研该活动的实施现状和存在问题,探索进一步完善该活动的策略和路径,以更好推动中医药文化进校园活动的深入开展.方法:对参与该志愿活动的某中医药大学大学生志愿者及三所合作学校的中小学生进行问卷调查,并对调研数据进行统计分析.结果:95.84％的小学生、91.30％的初中生、96.29％的高中生对志愿者的授课内容表示"比较理解"和"完全理解".83.33％的小学生、69.57％的初中生、77.78％的高中生表示以后只要"开设相关课程就会参加".94.83％的志愿者参与活动的目的是"为中医药文化传播贡献力量".结论:该志愿服务活动得到了中小学生和大学生志愿者的普遍认可和欢迎,但仍存在较大提升空间,大学生志愿者自身素质是影响该志愿服务活动效果的主要因素,充分发挥该志愿服务活动各参与方的作用,着力提升大学生志愿者综合素质,是提升该志愿服务活动效果的最佳路径.