为了丰富高产稳产小麦新品种资源,促进河南小麦生产,2011年,河南科技大学利用系统育种法在洛阳种植的淮麦18群体中选育出科大111,并于2021年通过河南省主要农作物品种审定委员会审定.该品种属于半冬性小麦,冬季抗寒性较强,株型松散适度,茎秆弹性好,抗倒性好,对条锈病抗性表现稳定.2017—2018年和2018—2019年度参加河南省区域试验平均产量为6498.0～8518.5 kg/hm2,比对照品种周麦18增产2.9％～5.1％,增产试验点比例为63.6％～81.8％.2019—2020年度生产试验平均产量为8128.5 kg/hm2,比对照增产4.0％,增产试验点比例为100％.介绍了科大111的选育过程、主要生物学特性、抗性鉴定与品质检测结果以及主要栽培措施.

In order to provide reference for parent selection of wheat quality breeding,the specific molecular markers were applied to detect the presence of high molecular weight glutenin subunits Dx5,Bx14 and 1BL/1RS translocation in 38 main wheat breeding parents.The results showed that the frequencies of subunits Dx5,Bx14 and 1BL/1RS translocation accounted for 16.0%,16.0% and 24.0%,respectively,in introduced cultivars,and accounted for 7.7%,23.1% and 38.5%,respectively,in self-chosen cultivars(lines).Compared with introduced cultivars,self-chosen cultivars(lines) had lower rate of subunit Dx5,but higher rate of subunit Bx14 and 1BL/1RS translocation.In general,breeding parents had lower rate of subunit Dx5 and Bx14,but relatively higher rate of 1BL/1RS translocation.In future wheat breeding,germplasm with subunits Dx5 and Bx14 could be used as materials,and utilize 1BL/1RS translocation lines reasonably,enhance the molecular identification and selection in hybrid progenies.

Four different hybrid combinations were obtained through hybridization of Taigu genic male-sterile wheat(Tal) with four male parents.Genotype of the four male parents were homozygous dwarf,heterozygous dwarf,homozygous high stalk and heterozygous high stalk respectively.Flowering stage and plant height of the four F_1 hybrid populations were studied.The results showed that using open pollination and randomly intermating recurrent selection method,the genetic variation of hybrid progeny will be high stalk and late maturing which is caused by the biology characteristics of Tal materials.In order to improve the breeding efficiency of Tal recurrent selection populations,pollen source of the male parent must be selected,and controlled hybridization should be adopted.In this way,the disadvantages of Tal materials will be overcome and sufficient gene recombination among various genotypes will be achieved.

The present research aimed to study the inheritance and chromosomal location of a photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility (PTSMS) gene in Xinong 291S (XN291S), which is a new PTSMS wheat line. The inheritance was studied in F1 and F2 populations derived from crosses between XN291S and eight wheat cultivars. All F1 plants were fertile and the F2 populations segregated in either 15 : 1 or 3 : 1 fertile : sterile ratios indicating that PTSMS was controlled by one or two recessive major genes. Five wheat cultivars carried homozygous dominant alleles for fertility, whereas the other three, including Chinese Spring (CS), carried a single homozygous dominant allele. Chromosomal location of the PTSMS gene was studied by crossing a set of CS nulli-tetrasomic lines to XN291S. Self-fertility of F1 hybrids XN291S/N5BT5A and XN291S/N5BT5D were significantly lower than the others. Therefore, the PTSMS gene in XN291S that differed from CS was located on chromosome 5B. Location of the second PTSMS gene needs further study.

291S was a wheat male-sterile mutant which discovered in new strains of common wheat.In order to put it into practical use in two-line hybrid wheat breeding,the characteristics of fertility alteration,male abortion as well as the inheritance of sterility were analyzed preliminarily.The interval sowing experiments and the fertility purification was conducted.Development status of anthers and I2-KI staining of pollens were observed.Fertility performance of hybrid F1,F2 and Backcross populations were analyzed to determine the genetic mechanism.The result showed that 291S was a photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile line,which showed part fertile under short-day and low-temperature conditions when autumn sowing,showed high sterile under long-day and high-temperature conditions when spring sowing.The stamens of 291S could be transformed into pistil-like structures under certain photo-thermo condition.I2-KI staining of pollens showed the abortive pollen of 291S in sterile period was mainly the spherical abortion type.The fertility of individuals in 291S had difference on a certain degree,but its self-multiplication ability and sterility could be improved through selection effectively.291S might be a nuclear sterile line;its sterility was controlled by a major recessive nuclear gene and was influenced by other minor genes.291S had apparent characteristics of fertility alteration,and its inheritance of sterility was relatively simple.It had a certain application prospect in the two-line hybrid wheat production system.

<正>河科大9612是河南科技大学农学院小麦育种组以太谷核不育(Ta1)小麦材料为遗传改良的技术平台,通过轮回选择和穿梭育种育成的一个高产早熟小麦新品种,2008年9月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(豫审麦2008015)。河科大9612属弱春性多穗型品种,适宜在河南省中南部中晚茬高水肥地块及相应生态类型区推广种植。

Dwarfing-sterile wheat(DSW)is an ideal tool for recurrent selection in wheat breeding.In order to control the plant height of DSW populations in wheat breeding efficiently,the plant height performance of DSW populations from two hybridizing methods was analyzed.The results showed that the plant height between fertile plants and sterile plants was very different,and convenient for selection.In mixed intermating recurrent selection population,the unideal tall fertile plants should be removed timely before flowering under specific selection pressure,and the seeds harvested from relative dwarf plants were mixed for the next populations.The superior sterile plants separated from recurrent selection populations should be polinated by superior dwarf fertile germplasm.In this way,the plant height of DSW populations could be controlled easily,and the frequency of elite fertile plants according with the breeding targets would be increased.

用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)对70份普通小麦品种(系)的种子醇溶蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,供试材料醇溶蛋白谱带多态性很高,共检测到28条不同迁移率的清晰谱带.不同材料间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.28～0.92,平均为0.61,说明供试材料具有较丰富的遗传多样性.聚类分析将这些材料分成8大类和15个亚类.聚类结果在一定程度上反映了供试材料间的亲缘关系.

In order to establish the antibiotic selective system of transgenic plants of wheat via pollen tube pathway,the seeds of wheat were sowed in the solution contained different concentration of antibiotics G418.ANOVA analysis based on the morphological indexes of 7-day seedlings showed that low concentration of G418 significantly restrained the weight of seedlings,height of seedlings and length of roots,but not to the length of coleoptiles.The optical G418 concentration for the selection of transgenic wheat was about 25 to 50mg/L,and the root length was a proper morphological index to judge the transgenic wheat.

<正>小麦是世界上分布范围和栽培面积最广,生产量最多,总贸易额最大,营养价值和经济价值最高的粮食作物。我国也是小麦生产大国,发展小麦生产在我

An experimental study was made to explore effects of different mass concentration Cr3+、Zn2+、Pb2+ on the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat.The results showed that soaking the wheat seeds with a thick Cr3+ solution(0.10%) has the obvious inhibitory action on the germination rate;Lower 0.05% Zn2+ has the certain promoter action,while the large density has the slight inhibitory action to wheat's growth;Lower 0.10% Pb2+ has the certain promoter action,but the large density has the slight inhibitory action to wheat's growth;Seedling's growth can manifest the influence of Pb2+ than the seed germination.

"金丰3号"是以Ta1材料为遗传改良的技术平台,通过轮回选择,穿梭育种育成的小麦新品种。它具有高产稳产优质,综合抗性强等诸多优良性状。本文报道该品种的育种设计,选育经过,性状表现及高产栽培技术要点。

Using the analytical method of multifactor situation sequent for four-element connection number,the winter wheat varieties of the second group of high fertilizer and water in the regional trial of Henan province in the year 2003～2004 were analyzed.The results indicated that Zhoumai 18 was the best variety,its comprehensive representation exceeded other varieties,and next to it was 01 zhong 89.

为了给生产上大面积推广高产稳产的优良小麦新品种提供参考,本文应用非参数统计量对2003~2004年度河南省小麦高肥冬水I组(简称高冬I组)的区试资料进行了度量。结果表明,在供试的品种(系)中,开麦18、许农5号、郑麦366是高产品种,显著高于其他品种,丰产性指数Pi分别为75%、55.2%、38.5%。各参试品种(系)的稳定性指数之间有差异,但没有达到显著水平。品种(系)优丰2号、Z 996、郑麦9728的稳定性较好,其稳定性指数Si分别为3.178 6、3.910 7、3.928 6。对品种差异分辨力较高的试点为济源所、濮阳所、宝丰所和中棉所,其环境鉴别力指数分别为79.5%、67.9%、66.7%和53.8%,说明这些地点适宜作为区试地点。

应用郭瑞林提出的同异分析法,对河南省大面积种植的部分大豆品种及2个新品系在水、旱地不同栽培条件下的产量及其有关性状进行了分析.结果表明,在旱作条件下,豫豆23号、豫豆22号、豫豆21号为优良品种,豫豆18号、豫豆25号、洛961为较好的品种,豫豆16号、豫豆19号、9725为一般品种(系),9722为较差品系;在灌溉条件下,豫豆18号、豫豆22号、豫豆25号为优良品种,豫豆21号、豫豆23号、洛961为较好品种,豫豆19号、豫豆16号为一般品种,9725、9722为较差品系.