Background The cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test was proposed as a rapid diagnostic tool to identify cryptococcal meningitis in patients suffering from AIDS. Several studies have demonstrated its diagnostic performance in cryptococcal meningitis. However, the diagnostic performance of the CrAg test in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarise the evidence concerning diagnostic performance of the CrAg test in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Methods and analysis Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be searched systematically. The titles and abstracts will be reviewed by two independent reviewers. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias and clinical applicability of each study. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be investigated through visual inspection of the paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic plots. The pooled summary statistics for the area under the curve, sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic ORs with 95% CI will be reported. Ethics and dissemination The underlying study is based on published articles thus does not require ethical approval. The findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated in various scientific conferences and seminars. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022373321.

Bronchiectasis is often caused by serious infections. Infections caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) is most common in the immunocompromised host, such as HIV-positive patients. Herein, we reported an HIV -negative patient with bronchiectasis infected with E. bieneusi, which diagnosed by mNGS and validated by Sanger sequencing. During the treatment of albendazole, the patient gradually recovered. This is the first report of a case of respiratory E. bieneusi infection in a bronchiectasis patient. This finding highlights the efficacy of mNGS for pathogen diagnosis in bronchiectasis patients and the potential treatment option of albendazole for bron-chiectasis patients with E. bieneusi infection.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dioscorea glue in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. From November 2020 to March 2022, a total of 120 patients with stable COPD and qi deficiency of lung and spleen in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were divided into a treatment group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases) by the random number table method. In the treatment group, there were 42 males and 18 females, aged (65.77±5.59) years. In the control group, there were 40 males and 20 females, aged (64.68±4.92) years. The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment, and the treatment group was given dioscorea glue on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment for 6 months. The changes of tumor necrosis faction-α (TNF-α), CD3 +, CD4 +, albumin (ALB), BODE index, and number of acute exacerbations before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment were observed in the two groups. t test and χ2 test were used. Results:Three and six months after treatment, the TNF-α indexes [(5.89±1.14) ng/L and (5.55±1.21) ng/L] in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group [(6.79±1.11) ng/L and (6.66±1.19) ng/L], and the CD3 + [(56.61±5.49)% and (59.89±5.01)%] and CD4 + indexes [(34.56±4.49)% and (35.50±4.29)%] were higher than those in the control group [(53.64±5.68)%, (53.28±5.05)%, (30.82±4.20)%, and (30.79±4.20)%], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the ALB index [(35.89±0.64) g/L] in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group [(29.14±0.64) g/L], and the BODE index [(1.63±0.95) points] and the number of acute exacerbations [(1.30±0.17) times] were lower than those of the control group [(2.18±1.12) points and (1.62±0.21) times], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Dioscorea glue combined with bronchodilator inhalant is effective in the treatment of stable COPD patients with qi deficiency of lung and spleen, which can eliminate the inflammation, regulate the immune function, improve the clinical symptoms and nutritional status, reduce the number of acute exacerbations, and improve the quality of life.

目的 观察穴位自血疗法治疗支气管扩张症稳定期的临床疗效.方法 将70例支气管扩张症稳定期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例.治疗组采用穴位自血疗法治疗,对照组采用口服盐酸氨溴索片治疗.观察两组治疗前后各项免疫指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、C3补体、C4补体]的变化情况,比较两组治疗后24 h痰量、肺功能指标[1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)的比值]、改良医学研究委员会(mMRC)呼吸困难评分和圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分.结果 治疗组治疗后各项免疫指标及FEV1/FVC与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组治疗后24 h痰量、mMRC呼吸困难评分、SGRQ评分及FEV1比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 穴位自血疗法能调节支气管扩张症稳定期患者的免疫状态,改善其肺功能.