Dark fermentation (DF) is prone to low hydrogen (H2) yield. In this work, magnesium aluminum-layered double hydroxide and carbonized humic acid (MgAl-LDH/CHA) was synthesized by co-precipitation to reveal the mechanism in rising bioH2 generation. The results indicated that MgAl-LDH released Mg and Al ions slowly in DF system, improving the activity of H2-producing microbes (HPM) for more H2. The H2 yield increased from 169.3 mL/g glucose to 244.9 mL/g glucose, which was 44.7 % higher than that for the control yield. MgAl-LDH/CHA increased Proteobacteria content from 30.9 % to 43.7 %, making it form a complex microbial community and participate in DF metabolism with Firmicutes and other microbes together. Besides, MgAl-LDH/CHA could serve as an electron shuttle that likely effectively promotes electron transfer in DF, significantly reduced the energy requirements of HPM, thus raising metabolic activity. It provides direction for the multi-element composite applied in DF system.

Generally, dark fermentation (DF) of hydrogen (H2) synthesis has low H2 production from industrial-scale plants. In this study, campus greening wastes-ginkgo leaves were used to produce molten salt-modified biochar (MSBC) and nitrogen (N2)-atmosphere BC (NBC) in molten salt and N2 environment at 800 degrees C, respectively. MSBC showed excellent properties including high specific surface area and electron transfer ability. After supplementation with MSBC, H2 yield rose by 32.4% compared to the control group without carbon material. Electrochemical analysis revealed MSBC improved the electrochemical properties of sludge. Furthermore, MSBC optimized the microbial community structure and increased the relative abundance of dominant microbes, thus promoting H2 production. This work provides a deep understanding of two carbons that play vital roles in increasing microbial biomass, supplementing trace element and favoring electron transfer in DF reactions. Salt recovery achieved 93.57% in molten salt carbonization, which has sustainability compared with N2-atmosphere pyrolysis.

Several reports have shown that pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have some negative effects on anaerobic digestion (AD), yet there are no convenient and efficient strategies for mitigating the adverse influences. The typical PPCPs of carbamazepine have a strong negative effect on lactic acid AD process. Therefore, in this work, novel lanthanum-iron oxide (LaFeO3) nanoparticles (NPs) were used for adsorption and bioaugmentation to weak the negative effects of carbamazepine. The adsorption removal of carbamazepine increased from 0 to 44.30% as the dosage of LaFeO3 NPs was increased from 0 to 200 mg/L, providing the necessary prerequisites for bioaugmentation. Adsorption reduced the probability of direct contact between carbamazepine and anaerobes, partly alleviating the inhibition of carbamazepine on microbes. The highest methane (CH4) yield induced by LaFeO3 NPs (25 mg/L) was 226.09 mL/g lactic acid, increasing by 30.06% compared to the control yield with a recovery to 89.09% of the normal CH4 yield. Despite the ability of LaFeO3 NPs to restore normal AD performance, the biodegradation rate of carbamazepine remained below 10% due to its anti-biodegradability. Bioaugmentation was primarily reflected in the enhanced bioavailability of dissolved organic matter, while the intracellular LaFeO3 NPs promoted coenzyme F420 activity through binding to humic substances. Under the mediation of LaFeO3, a direct interspecies electron transfer system with Longilinea and Methanosaeta as functional bacteria was successfully constructed and the corresponding electron transfer rate was accelerated from 0.021 s-1 to 0.033 s-1. LaFeO3 NPs eventually recovered AD performance under carbamazepine stress in an adsorption and bioaugmentation manner.

Low biological hydrogen (bioH2) production due to non-optimal metabolic pathways occurs frequently. In this work, magnetic nitrogen-doped activated carbon (MNAC) was prepared and added into the inoculated sludge with glucose as substrate to enhance hydrogen (H2) yield by mesophilic dark fermentation (DF). The highest H2 yield appeared in 400 mg/L AC (252.8 mL/g glucose) and 600 mg/L MNAC group (304.8 mL/g glucose), which were 26.02% and 51.94% higher than that of 0 mg/L MNAC group (200.6 mL/g glucose). The addition of MNAC allowed for efficient enrichment of Firmicutes and Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1, accelerating the metabolic pathway shifted towards butyrate type. The Fe ions released by MNAC facilitated electron transfer and favored the reduction of ferredoxin (Fd), thereby obtaining more bioH2. Finally, the generation of [Fe-Fe] hydrogenase and cellular components of H2-producing microbes (HPM) during homeostasis was discussed to understand on the use of MNAC in DF system.

For low yield in dark fermentation (DF), in this study, the carbonized humic acid (CHA) was produced and added to DF for enhancing biohydrogen (bioH2) yield at mesophilic condition. The highest bioH2 yield was 151.08 mL/ g glucose with the addition of CHA at 80 mg/L, which was 35.27% and 16.53% higher than those of 0 mg/L CHA and 80 mg/L mineral humic acid (MHA) groups, respectively. Electrons preferentially conducted via the butyrate pathway due to CHA amendments, which corresponded to the prediction of relevant functional genes. Furthermore, CHA possessed distinctive advantages over MHA, which acted as an electron shuttle to facilitate electron transfer, released metal ions as an essential signal mediator and favored the reduction of ferredoxin, obtaining more H2. The use of CHA in the field of H2-DF depicted the high-value utilization and industrial chain extension of MHA.

Dark fermentation (DF) for hydrogen (H2) evolution is often limited to industrial application due to its low H2 yield. In this work, hydrothermal carbon microspheres (HCM) and iron modified HCM (Fe-HCM) were prepared by hydrothermal process using waste corn cob. Subsequently, HCM and Fe-HCM were used in DF for more H2. The highest H2 yields amended with HCM and Fe-HCM at 600 mg/L were achieved to be 119 and 154 mL/g glucose (0.87 and 1.2 mol H2/mol glucose), respectively, being 24% and 59% higher than that of control yield. Soluble metabolites revealed HCM and Fe-HCM promoted butyric acid-based DF. Microbial composition depicted that HCM and Fe-HCM improved the abundance level of Firmicutes from 35% to 41% and 56%, while the abundance level of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 rose from 25% to 38% and 51%, respectively. This provides valuable guidance for hydrothermal carbon used in biofuel production.

目前市政污水处理厂多关注水质排放标准中规定参数的阈值而忽略药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)等新型微污染物.厌氧消化是污水处理厂实现碳中和与剩余污泥资源化利用的关键技术,而剩余污泥中积累的PPCPs会限制厌氧消化及其残余物资源化技术的推广.本研究分析了市政污水处理厂PPCPs来源与行为,以频繁检出的典型PPCPs为研究对象,解析了实验室环境下中高浓度的PPCPs对厌氧消化性能潜在影响;综述了典型PPCPs对消化过程中关键参数如甲烷产率、挥发酸分布和微生物群落结构的影响;同时评价了PPCPs对剩余污泥厌氧消化的后风险.结果表明:典型PPCPs能够促进污泥溶解,为微生物提供更多的营养物质,而水解酸化细菌因PPCPs胁迫而过度活跃导致挥发酸过度积累;与氢营养型产甲烷菌相比,乙酸型产甲烷菌更易受到PPCPs抑制,从而降低甲烷产率;厌氧消化沼渣和沼液资源化利用的同时PPCPs也会带来潜在的生态风险.未来研究应从细胞水平加深理解PPCPs暴露对细菌和古菌的影响,开发既可满足污水水质排放标准、又能缓解PPCPs对厌氧消化的潜在抑制的新工艺,加速污水处理厂碳中和进程,降低PPCPs生态风险.

The positive effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on dark fermentation (DF) for biohydrogen synthesis have been increased, and the mechanism still needs to be further revealed. In this study, nickel-cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) NPs were prepared to increase H2 yield via DF. The highest (259.67 mL/ g glucose) and the lowest (188.14 mL/g glucose) yields were achieved at 400 and 800 mg/L NiCo2O4 NPs added, respectively, with their corresponding 33.97% increase and 2.93% decrease compared with the control yield (193.82 mL/g glucose). Meanwhile, the microbial community further confirmed that NiCo2O4 NPs increased the abundance of the dominant H2-producing Clostridium sensu stricto1 by 23.05%. The gene prediction also showed that NiCo2O4 NPs increased the abundance of genes encoding the rate-limiting enzyme pyruvate kinase in glycolysis, thus increasing the substrate conversion. Moreover, the gene abundance of key enzymes directly related to H2 evolution was also increased at different levels.

基于《中国城市轨道交通智慧城轨发展纲要》的"1811"布局以及《北京智慧轨道交通发展行动策划方案》,研究城轨云与大数据的标准化、自主化、多云异构的安全可信云计算平台;构建城轨业务数据的综合承载、共享、挖掘、治理、质量评估大数据平台体系,发挥城轨大数据要素的流转、互联、互通效能,推进城轨业务对大数据要素的深化应用与数据价值提升;推动智慧城轨发展,建设"三张网"的标准化、协同化网络纵深防御技术体系,采用其关键对称与非对称的密码应用技术,最大化地提升城轨云的安全能力;研究可复制的、高度可用的云平台运维常态与应急管理体系与机制,保障城轨云的业务持续性、数据安全性,以及云平台基础设施运管的集约化.

中国现代文坛上积聚着一股不可小觑的沉默的力量,在争夺分外激烈的社会背景下,无声的文学家以另一种方式智慧而深沉的生活着,令"五·四"后的中国文学常具厚重、温暖的文学精神.

本文围绕新闻频道的功能与建设展开研究,以国内外新闻频道尤其是央视新闻频道为研究对象,以历史、现状、未来走向为线索,剖析特点、分析问题,寻找办法、设立方案,以期能够对电视新闻频道的发展提出自己建设性的意见。

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of interpersonal trust and psychological health in collegian. MethodsA total of 579 collegian were evaluated with interpersonal trust scale ,philosophies of human nature revised scale ,faith in people scale, acceptance of others scale, psychological health checklist (SCL-90) and self designed survey questionnaire. ResultsCollegian interpersonal trust had significantly positive relation with psychological health . The scores of positive items in philosophies of human nature revised scale, faith in people scale and acceptance of others scale had significantly positive correlation with total score and 9 sub-scores of SCL-90.the score of interpersonal trust scale in collegian with psychological problems was significantly lower than that in collegian without psychological problems( t =4.45~6.55, P 0.001).ConclusionInterpersonal trust is the important factor influencing psychologicalhealth in collegian, thus raising interpersonal trust may improve interpersonal relationship and interpersonal level.

目的了解大学生心理健康现状及对自身心理健康影响因素的认识与评估.方法采用SCL-90问卷和自编<大学生心理健康状况调查表>,对驻济四所大学的579名大学生的心理健康状况和对心理健康影响因素的认识与评估进行了调查.结果大学生心理问题的发生率为25.91%,影响大学生心理健康的首位因素为被人歧视和误解,选择率为67.2%,其次为就业困难(52.5%)、学习压力大(45.4%)和考研(42.1%),且不同性别,不同年级和不同专业存在着一定差别.相关分析表明,SCL-90总均分与大学生心理问题的10个影响因素均呈非常显著正相关(r=0.2260～0.131,P＜0.001～0.05).结论大学生自我评估的影响自身心理健康的10个因素与其心理健康状况之间存在显著正相关.

目的:对大学生的人际信任与人际关系相关因素进行调查,探讨不同年级及性别的差异.方法:于2004-09/09对济南4所大学的579名在校大学生的人际信任与人际关系及相关因素进行调查.采用①生活事件量表:依据刘贤臣的"青少年生活事件量表",主要摘用其中人际关系因子Ⅰ部分.②人际信任量表:包含各种环境下和不同角色的人际信任.③人性哲学修订量表:包括"相信人基本上都是善良的"正因子和"愤世嫉俗"负因子.④信赖他人量表:信任程度愈高得分愈低.⑤容纳他人量表:测试容纳他人和被他人容纳.⑥自制的调查问卷:如一般资料、个人特征、经济状况、家庭环境父母教育方式和最影响情绪和心理的10大问题.观察不同性别、不同年级间大学生人际信任各测量指标;人际信任相关因素的多元逐步回归分析.结果:共发放问卷600份,回收回答完整问卷579份,有效率96.5%.①对大学生的人际信任评分,无论是人际信任量表或是人性哲学值得信赖因子分男生均明显高于女生(31.56±8.50,29.82±8.43,t=2.47,P＜0.05;31.07±8.60,29.83±7.96,t=2.58,P＜0.01),而人际关系紧张的发生率以及生活事件量表人际关系因子分则正相反,男生明显低于女生(22.47%,31.71%,x2=6.52,P＜0.05;7.49±2.81,7.98±3.21,t=2.94,P＜0.05).②大一学生的人际信任、值得信任、被人容纳得分明显低于其他各年级学生,[(77.94±9.21,80.19±9.05,80.81±9.19,79.88±8.83),(28.81±8.71,30.96±7.83,31.32±9.09,30.65±8.45),(15.90±3.58,16.92±3.22,17.03±3.26,16.84±3.80),t=2.0～4.39,P＜0.05～0.01],而人际关系紧张的发生率及负性生活事件的人际关系因子分高于其他年级[37.5%,25.4%,22.3%,25.5%,x2=2.56～6.24,P＜0.05;8.29±3.16,7.74±2.98,7.58±2.84,7.70±3.01,t=2.2～2.96,P均＜0.05].③人际信任相关因素的多元逐步回归分析,按作用大小依次为健康状况(-0.253 4)、兴趣爱好(0.226 4)、家庭住址(0.195 1)、母亲教育方式(0.104 6)、性格类型(0.084 5)五项因子的回归系数,在α=0.05水平上进入回归模型且有显著性意义(t=2.11～5.70);④人际关系与人际信任呈显著正/负相关(r=-0.396 4～-0.460 0,P＜0.01或r=0.122 2～0.190 0,P＜0.05).结论:本调查结果显示,人际信任程度的高低,直接影响着人际关系的好坏;男生的人际信任和人际关系好于女生,高年级的学生好于大一的学生,且与健康状况、经济状况、生活费来源、兴趣爱好、家庭住址、父母亲教育方式及性格类型等多种因素有关.