<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:探讨早发型精神分裂症（&lt;18岁发病）与成年发病（18～45岁发病）患者之间的精神障碍共病和社会功能的差异。方法:纳入2424例符合DSM-IV精神分裂症诊断标准的患者,使用DSM-IV定式临床检查病人版评估患者是否共病其他精神障碍。将入组患者划分为早发组（n=387）和成年发病组（n=2037）,采用功能大体评定量表评定患者的整体功能,用自编问卷调查患者的近一年社会功能评级、职业状态。结果:早发组共病焦虑障碍的比例、无业/失业率高于成年发病组（5.2%vs.3.1%,52.7%vs.41.7%,均P&lt;0.05）。结论:早发型精神分裂症有更高的共病焦虑障碍风险,其社会职业功能损害程度更为严重。</span>

Objective To explore the effect of Xiaoyao pill to treat hyperprolactinemia and secondary amenorrhea caused by risperidone in female patients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 60 female schizophrenic patients with hyperprolactinemia were randomly divided into study group(30 cases) with Xiaoyao pill and control group(30 cases) without Xiaoyao pill for 8 weeks treatment of risperidone.They were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and were measured for serum level of prolactin,status of secondary amenorrhea before and after treatment.Results In study group,the level of serum prolactin after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the level of serum prolactin in study group was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the ratio of menses resumption in study group was significantly higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference for rates of side effects between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion It's effective for Xiaoyao pill to improve the hyperprolactinemia and the status of secondary amenorrhea caused by risperidone in female patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To study the influence of risperidone and ziprasidone in treatment of female schizophrenic patients on metabolism and the score of PSP and PANSS. Methods 80 cases of female schizophrenic patients were selected from January 2013 to June 2015.They were divided into ziprasidone group and paliperidone group,each group had 40 cases,to give the corresponding drug treatment. Results Treatment for 4 weeks and 8 weeks,the two groups of patients with PSP score were significantly increased,Paley risperidone group of patients with PSP score higher(P<0.05).After treatment,the PANSS score of two groups of patients with similar(P>0.05)and PRL levels in paliperidone group was significantly higher than that of ziprasidone group(P<0.05),but body quality level were similar(P>0.05).Conclusion Paliperidone on the patient's social function,improve the effect is better,but on the level of PRL greater impact.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of risperidone long-acting injection and risperidone in treatment for patients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 160 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into study group ( 80 cases) with risperidone long-acting injection and control group(80 cases) with risperidone for treatment of 3 months.They were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness(CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Global Improvement(CGI-I) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS) at baseline , 1st month end, 2nd month end and 3rd month end of treatment.Results At 1st month end, 2nd month end and 3rd month end of treatment, the factors and total scores of PANSS in two groups were all significantly lower than those at baseline(P<0.05).At 2nd month end and 3rd month end of treatment, the factors and total scores of PANSS and CGI in study group were all significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).At 1st month end, 2nd month end and 3rd month end of treatment, the scores of ESRS in study group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion It’s effective and safe for risperidone long-acting injection to treat the patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the correlation between the personality traits and social behavior mode of schizophrenic patients in remission stage.Methods 111 patients with schizophrenia in remission stage (study group)and 125 healthy subjects (control group)were assessed with NEO Personality Inventory-Revised edition (NEO-PI-R),Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS)and Security Questionnaire (SQ).The correlation of big five personality traits with interpersonal trust and sense of security were analyzed between the two groups.Results Score of C dimension of NEO-PI-R in study group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05).In study group,score of N dimension of NEO-PI-R was significantly positively correlated with factor score of special trust of ITS (P =0.031),while score of A dimension was significantly negatively correlated with factor score of special trust (P =0.001 ).Scores of O dimension and A dimension of NEO-PI-R in study group were significantly positively correlated with factor score of universal trust of ITS (P <0.05 ).Factor score of interpersonal safety of SQ was significantly negatively correlated with N dimension (P =0.000)and was significantly positively correlated with A and C dimensions (P <0.05 )of NEO-PI-R in study group.Factor score of determine control of SQ was significantly negatively correlated with N dimension (P =0.000)and was significantly positively correlated with O,A,C dimensions of NEO-PI-R (P <0.05).Conclusion The personality characteristics of schizophrenic patients in remission stage is related to their social behavior mode.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的比较不同年龄段精神疾病患者住院费用及其变化趋势。方法采用回顾性研究方法纵向分析山东省精神卫生中心2005—2012年9 841例精神疾病患者的住院费用。结果青年患者的平均住院天数最长,为51 d,老年患者最短,为39 d。2005—2012年,不同年龄段精神疾病患者的日均住院费用和人均住院费用均呈现增长趋势,2012年青年、中年、老年患者的日均住院费用分别增长到263.33、236.63、241.13元,人均住院费用分别达到12 779、10 996、9 233.5元,2009年人均住院费用年增长率分别高达25.41%、41.89%、63.38%。药费、诊疗费和床位费是不同年龄段精神疾病患者的主要组成部分,2009—2012年药费所占比例出现下降趋势。住院天数是中青年精神疾病患者住院费用的最主要影响因素,而住院次数是老年患者住院费用的最主要影响因素。结论青年、中年和老年精神疾病患者住院费用普遍较高,应加强对不同年龄段精神疾病患者的经济补偿,减轻精神疾病患者的经济负担。</span>

Objective: To analyze hospitalization cost and its trend for schizophrenia in rural and urban areas, to provide references for improving the rural and urban compensation policies and reducing the economic pressures of patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Collecting patients with schizophrenia in a hospital from 2006 to 2012. Using ARIMA model to make short-term forecast of average hospitalization cost for rural and urban patients. Results: The growth rate of rural schizophrenia hospital admissions is 75.10%, 93.27%for the urban areas; urban length of stay was significantly higher than in the rural areas; per capita hospitalization costs of patients increased to 194.76%in rural areas, 248.72%for urban areas. The prediction model of rural patients is ARIMA(1,2,1), for urban patients is ARIMA ( 1,1,0); rural and urban hospitalization costs remained the previous upward trend in 2013. Conclusion: The number of schizophrenic inpatients is increasing and hospital costs is rising. The rural patient's future economic pressure is quite large. It is necessary to increase the patient’s financial compensation.

目的 探讨Rho激酶抑制剂Fasudil对β淀粉样蛋白1-42(Aβ1-42)诱导阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习、记忆功能和海马区氧化应激指标的影响.方法 80只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组(侧脑室模拟注射+生理盐水腹腔注射)、模型组(侧脑室Aβ1-42注射+生理盐水腹腔注射)、Fasudil低剂量组[侧脑室Aβ1-42注射+Fasudil 5 mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射]、Fasudil高剂量组[侧脑室Aβ1-42注射+Fasudil 10 mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射],每组各20只.采用侧脑室注射Aβ1-42制备AD模型,Fasudil腹腔注射14 d干预.Morris水迷宫实验进行大鼠的行为学测试,采用分光光度法测定海马组织匀浆中谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果 模型组大鼠水迷宫实验的逃避潜伏期明显较对照组延长(P＜0.01),目标象限活动时间和穿台次数明显少于对照组(P＜0.01);海马组织匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px活性明显下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),MDA的含量增加(P＜0.05).Fasudil高剂量组逃避潜伏期明显短于模型组(P＜0.01),目标象限活动时间和穿台次数明显多于模型组(P＜0.01);海马组织匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px活性较模型组增加(P＜0.05),MDA含量变化不明显.结论 Fasudil能够剂量依赖性的减少Aβ1-42诱导AD大鼠模型海马区的氧化应激反应,改善其学习、记忆功能.

近年来,为响应素质教育的战略号召,国家推行了一系列重大教育改革,这给教师带来了机遇,但同时也带来压力.中学教师教学工作繁重、要求高、责任重、工作节奏快,而且家长、学校和社会诸多方面对教师的教学能力和教学成绩提出了更多、更高的要求和期望,这些无疑对教师的健康状况和生活质量造成严重的影响[1-5 ]。

Objective To explore the incidence of impulsive and aggressive behavior and the personality characteristics of inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 195 inpatients with schizophrenia were evaluated by Impulsive scale,Aggressive scale,Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale(PANSS).Results 56 patients(28.72%)had impulsive and aggressive behavior before admission,and 20 patients(10.26%)had the behavior during hospitalization.The patients with impulsive and aggressive behavior had significantly higher sub-score of behavior in Impulsive scale,higher total score and sub-scores of physical attacks and self-attacks in Aggressive scale than patients without the behavior.The differences of total and factor scores in PANSS were not found between the two groups.The total scores and sub-scores of Impulsive and Aggressive scale had no significant correlation with total and factors scores of PANSS.Conclusion The impulsive behavior of patients with schizophrenia would be related to impulsive and aggressive personality,and not to psychotic symptoms.

目的探讨人格障碍住院患者发生误诊的原因和临床特征。方法对23例住院人格障碍患者的病史资料进行统计分析。结果23例住院患者中曾误诊为精神分裂症17例、情感障碍11例、神经症9例;青年、男性、未婚、症状复杂者较易发生误诊,存在多重误诊现象。结论人格障碍患者临床表现复杂,易误诊为其他精神疾病,临床工作中应予以重视。

首发精神分裂症患者早期诊断和有效的临床治疗对取得良好的远期临床疗效至关重要.然而,控制临床症状已经不再是精神分裂症治疗的最终目标,努力使患者重新回归社会,重新为家庭与社会所接受的综合治疗才是目前精神分裂症治疗的方向.

阿托西汀是治疗儿童、青少年及成人注意缺陷多动障碍的新型药物.大样本研究结果表明,阿托西汀疗效与利他林相当,且副作用少,耐受性好,是传统精神兴奋剂的良好替代药物.现就阿托西汀的药理、临床疗效、安全性及药物治疗方法作一综述.

目的了解大学生心理健康现状及对自身心理健康影响因素的认识与评估.方法采用SCL-90问卷和自编<大学生心理健康状况调查表>,对驻济四所大学的579名大学生的心理健康状况和对心理健康影响因素的认识与评估进行了调查.结果大学生心理问题的发生率为25.91%,影响大学生心理健康的首位因素为被人歧视和误解,选择率为67.2%,其次为就业困难(52.5%)、学习压力大(45.4%)和考研(42.1%),且不同性别,不同年级和不同专业存在着一定差别.相关分析表明,SCL-90总均分与大学生心理问题的10个影响因素均呈非常显著正相关(r=0.2260～0.131,P＜0.001～0.05).结论大学生自我评估的影响自身心理健康的10个因素与其心理健康状况之间存在显著正相关.

Objective To explore marital status related risk factors in male schizophrenia.Methods A total of 144 male patients,1∶1 matched for age,dwelling place,were divided into unmarried group and married group.Possible marriage related factors,such as education,character,laboring capacity,subtype,compliance,age at onset etc,were collected and analyzed.Statistical methods including binary logistic regression were used.Results Risk factors related to marital status of schizophrenia patients were poor education,younger age at onset,poor compliance,undifferentiated subtype,loss of laboring capacity,low responsiveness to first regular treatment.Conclusion Marital status of schizophrenia are affected by many factors and comprehensive intervention may be helpful.

精神分裂症患者及配偶的婚姻质量较社会平均水平明显下降,研究表明与患者的精神症状、社会角色、经济状况、性生活、家庭内的情感表达、性格相容性等因素密切相关.因此,婚姻质量状况会影响患者的治疗和预后,有关研究正日益受到重视.

Aim: To explore the mental health status and the quality of sleep, and their relationship in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods: A total of 200 patients with chronic protatitis were involved in the study. The mental health status and the quality of sleep were evaluated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), symptom checklist (SCL-90) and self-made related factors inventory. Results: There were 51.5% of the patients with problem of sleep. The factors of SCL-90(except human relationship and hostility), total score, SAS and SDS total score of patients with PSQI ≥ 8 were significantly higher than those with PSQI≤7; the higher the score of PSQI was, the higher the scores of SCL-90 factors, total score, SAS and SDS were(F = 1.424 - 34.648, P < 0.01 - 0.05). The quality of sleep was positively related to somatization, compulsion, depression, anxiety, panic and insanity of SCL-90, and there was also a positive relation of sleep quality with other seven factors and total score(r = 0.0097 - 0.6317, P < 0.01 - 0.05). The quality of sleep was influenced by multiple factors, they were sexual dysfunction, local uncomfort of body, age of first episode, negative life events and bad relation with spouse in order(r = 0.009 2 - 0.056 1). Conclusion: Sleep disorder is one of the main symptoms in patients with chronic protatitis, and it has a close relation with mental health status, anxiety and depression.

ObjectiveTo explore mental health status and bio-psycho-social factors affecting prognosis in patients with chronic prostatitis.Methods200 patients with chronic prostatitis and 100 healthy controls were involved in the study.The mental health status and the related factors were evaluated with BCL-90, SAS, SDS and related factors inventory.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological problems in patients was 21%, and significantly higher than that in controls. There were severe psychological problems in the patients who had blue-collar occupation, poor education, the experience of negative life events, dissatisfaction with marriage, complex and serious symptoms. ConclusionPsychological problem exit in patients with chronic prostatitis. Synthetic measures should be made to prevent and treat the disease according to mental status and the related factors.

奥氮平是新型抗精神病药,为了解其对难治性精神分裂症的疗效,1998～2000年,我们对48例难治性精神分裂症患者进行临床观察.现将结果报告如下.