Background: Previous studies have shown that social impairments such as Theory of Mind (ToM) may be influenced by childhood trauma (CT), however the extent to which CT influence ToM ability, and whether OCD patients with CT are more vulnerable to ToM deficits than healthy controls (HC) have never been established. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the effect of CT on ToM ability in OCD. Methods: 81 OCD patients and 108 healthy controls were included in this study. ToM deficits were assessed on four dimensions, namely first and second order affective and cognitive ToM. The effect of CT on ToM deficits was assessed using the 2 x 2 Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVAs) and the hierarchical regression. Results: Simple effect analysis revealed a positive effect of CT>No CT in OCD and effect of OCD>HC in CT for both affective and cognitive second-order ToM deficits. Within the OCD group, emotional abuse was found to have an effect on affective ToM deficits (p = .028) and sexual abuse on cognitive ToM deficits (p = .040). Conclusions: Only OCD patients with CT showed deficits on second order cognitive and affective ToM and emotional and sexual abuse were the most influential CT subtypes on second-order ToM deficits in OCD.

Background:Previous research has found that compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual responses. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying how goal-directed and habitual behaviors are learned, and how these learning deficits affect the response process, remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate these cognitive mechanisms and examine how they were involved in the mechanism of compulsions. Methods:A total of 49 patients with OCD and 38 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to perform the revised "slip of action test". A reinforcement learning model was constructed, and model parameters including learning rates, reinforcement sensitivity, and perseveration were estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Comparisons of these parameters were made between the OCD group and HCs, and the associations with performance during the outcome devalued stage and clinical presentations were assessed. Results:In the outcome devalued stage, patients with OCD exhibited greatet responsiveness to the devalued outcome, indicating their impairment in flexible and goal-directed behavioral control. Computational modeling further revealed that, during the instrumental learning stage, patients with OCD showed reduced learning rates, decreased perseveration, and heightened reinforcement sensitivity as compared with HCs. The learning rate and perseveration during instrumental learning were significantly correlated with the performance in the outcome devalued stage and compulsive scores in OCD. Conclusions:The results indicate that patients with OCD exhibit deficits in updating the associative strength based on prediction errors and are more likely to doubt established correct associations during goal-directed and habitual learning. These deficits may contribute to the inflexible goal-directed behavioral control and are involved in the mechanism of compulsion in OCD.

Objective: This study aimed to translate and adapt the Brief Pain Inventory-Facial (BPI-F) into Chinese, proposing a validated Chinese version for clinical application.Methods: To evaluate the applicability of Chinese BPI-F, this study included two groups: clinical sample (406 patients with OFP) and non-clinical sample (514 college students without OFP medical history). Content validity was improved through patient interviews. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of BPI-F in both groups. The best-fit factor structure was tested on clinical sample via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity of BPI-F was evaluated by Spearman's coefficient. Serial CFA was used to assess measurement invariance between the two groups.Results: Content validity and reliability of BPI-F were verified. EFA results support a two-factor structure, interference with general activities (1-7 items) and face-specific pain interference (8-14 items). CFA results demonstrated this two-factor structure is appropriate for different populations. Spearman results showed that BPI-F had good convergent and discriminant validity. Full measurement invariance is observed across the two groups. Conclusion: The Chinese BPI-F, with two-factor structure (interference with general / orofacial functions), enables accurate assessment of functional interference caused by OFP. BPI-F has the same significance in different clinical populations, which expands its application.Clinical significance: This manuscript proposed the Chinese version of the BPI-F and examined its psychometric characteristics for the first time. This validated scale provides a favorable instrument for aiding individual diagnosis and treatment for OFP patients in China.

Background. According to the dimensional model of adversity, the deprivation and threat dimensions of CT influence distinct neural circuits and have different developmental outcomes. The present study compared neglect and abuse subtypes which are representative of deprivation and threat dimensions of CT prediction of anhedonia in MDD and OCD patients and university students. Methods. A total of 305 patients with MDD, 152 patients with OCD, and 2110 university students fulfilled the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to identify neglect and abuse subtypes of CT. Different aspects of anhedonia were measured. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify subtypes of trauma as predictors of different aspects of anhedonia in MDD and OCD patients and university students, respectively. Results. Childhood neglect, not abuse, showed association with anticipatory and state anhedonia in OCD patients and anticipatory, consummatory, physical, and state anhedonia in MDD patients and university students. Both childhood neglect and abuse were associated with social anhedonia in university students, but the neglect type showed greater magnitude. In terms of more specific categories, emotional neglect was the type of CT demonstrating strongest magnitude of association with most of the anhedonia aspects. Conclusions. Findings revealed that deprivation, rather than threat, was the more influential adversity dimension for the individuals' anhedonia presentations.

As a transdiagnostic symptom, social anhedonia has gained increasing attention. Evidence suggests that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients demonstrate social anhedonia. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) in an undergraduate sample and Chinese OCD patients. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between clinical symptoms and ACIPS scores. This study involved 3,306 undergraduate students and 293 patients with OCD. Internal consistency and convergent validity of ACIPS were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to determine the best-fitting of potential factor models, and multi-group CFA was used to examine measurement invariance across genders and samples. Additionally, hierarchical linear regression was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms and ACIPS scores in patients suffering from OCD. ACIPS showed acceptable internal consistency in undergraduate and OCD samples (Cronbach’s α = 0.93 and 0.89, respectively). In both samples, the four-factor structure had the best fit index. Scalar invariance was established across undergraduate and OCD samples, while residual invariance was established across genders. In both samples, the ACIPS was significantly correlated with the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Depression and the severity of obsessive thoughts significantly and negatively correlated with the ACIPS score in OCD patients (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ACIPS is a reliable, effective, simple, and convenient tool for the assessment of social anhedonia. Depression and obsessive thoughts contribute to social anhedonia in OCD patients.

Background: The taxonomy of autogenous-and reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (AO vs. RO) is one of the most valid subtyping approaches to the heterogeneity of OCD. The present study aimed to seek evi-dence of neural substrates supporting the dissociation of cognition inhibition in AO and RO which was revealed by our previous behavioral and electrophysiological work. Methods: A total of 165 patients with OCD (86 AO versus 79 RO), and 79 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Within-network connectivity, node strength, and edge-wise functional connectivity (FC) in cognition and response inhibition networks were calculated. Results from 3 cognition and 2 response inhibition network atlases were compared to confirm the robustness of the findings. Results: Both AO and RO showed lower within-network connectivity in response inhibition networks, while lower within cognition inhibition network connectivity was only detected in AO. Besides shared weaker node strength in the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and supplementary motor area (SMA), AO had a broader range of nodes within cognition inhibition networks exhibiting weaker strength, including nodes in right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left parietal and occipital regions. Decreased FC of left AI-CC, left IFG-ACC, and frontal-parietal regions in cognition inhibition networks were found in AO. Conclusions: Findings indicate that unlike deficits in connectivity within response inhibition networks which may reflect a common pathology in AO and RO, deficits in connectivity within cognition inhibition networks were more pronounced in AO. These findings strengthen our insight into the heterogeneity in OCD.

Cerebellar dysconnectivity has repeatedly been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). The cerebellum is composed of multiple functionally distinct subunits, and whether those subunits show similar or distinct dysconnectivity patterns with the cerebrum in MDD, is still unclear and needs to be further clarified. In this study, 91 MDD patients (23 male and 68 female) and 59 demographically matched healthy controls (22 male and 37 female) were enrolled to explore the cerebellar-cerebral dysconnectivity pattern in MDD by using the cutting-edge cerebellar partition atlas. Results showed that MDD patients exhibit decreased cerebellar connectivity with cerebral regions of default mode (DMN), frontoparietal networks (FPN), and visual areas. The dysconnectivity pattern was statistically similar across cerebellar subunits, with no significant diagnosis-by-subunit interactions. Correlation analyzes showed that cerebellar-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) connectivity is significantly correlated with anhedonia in MDD patients. Such dysconnectivity pattern was not affected by sex, which, however, should be further replicated in larger samples. These findings suggest a generalized disrupted cerebellar-cerebral connectivity pattern in MDD across all cerebellar subunits, which partially accounts for depressive symptoms in MDD, thus highlighting the pivotal role of the disrupted connectivity of cerebellum with DMN and FPN in the neuropathology of depression.

Background Orofacial pain (OFP) is a highly prevalent disorder in mainland China that predisposes to an associated physical and psychological disability. There is lack of a good properties mainland Chinese version of instrument to examine OFP. This study aims to cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate psychometrics properties of the Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale (MOPDS) in mainland Chinese Mandarin context. Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaption of the mainland Chinese version MOPDS were conducted following accepted guidelines of self-report measures. Chinese college students (N = 1039) completed the mainland Chinese version of the MOPDS for item analysis, reliability and validity tests, and measurement invariance analysis, and after a one-month interval, around 10% of the sample (n = 110) were invited to retest. To conduct the CFA and measurement invariance analysis, Mplus 8.4 was used. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software were used for all additional studies. Results We found that the mainland Chinese version of MOPDS contains 25 items, divided into two categories: physical disability and psychological disability. The scale demonstrated excellent internal reliability, test-retest reliability, and validity. The measurement invariance results proved that the scale could be applied to people of different gender, age, and health consultation status. Conclusions The results demonstrated the mainland Chinese version of MOPDS has good psychometric properties and can be used to measure the level of physical and psychological disability of Chinese OFP peoples.

Background/Aim: There is growing awareness that anhedonia plays a critical role in the development of Internet Addictions (IA). However, anhedonia is a multidimensional construct and different aspects of anhedonia may exert different effects on IA. This study was designed to distinguish the effects of social anhedonia and physical anhedonia on the developmental trajectory of IA among college students.Methods: A total of 3577 Chinese college freshmen (Mage = 18.01, SD = 0.77; 65.4 % girls) participated in a 2 -year, four waves longitudinal tracking study. The latent growth curve model (LGCM) was constructed to examine the impacts of different types of anhedonia on the developmental trajectories of IA. Gender was also added to the conditional LGCM as time-invariant variable.Results: The results of unconditional LGCM showed a U-shape developmental trajectory of IA. Social anhedonia significantly affected the intercept (beta = 0.468, p < 0.001) and significantly affected the linear slope (beta =-0.259, p < 0.05), but not the quadratic slope (beta = 0.293, p > 0.05). Physical anhedonia was not significantly associated with intercept, linear slope and quadratic slope. There was no sex difference in both initial levels and change rate of IA.Conclusions: Social anhedonia while not physical anhedonia has prediction effect on IA. College students with high levels of social anhedonia experienced high levels of IA at baseline, and performed a slower rate in downward trend of IA. The findings of the current study provide implications for prevention of IA in college students.

Background The Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire is a good self-assessment tool. This study was designed to investigate the factor structure of the OHIP-14 scale Chinese version, measurement invariance and latent mean differences across genders among college students. Methods The online survey was completed by 919 college students. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to check the structural models of the OHIP-14 scale, The correlation of each item with the scale total score could test homogeneity, and Cronbach’s alpha (Cronbach’s α) could evaluate internal consistency. Multi-group CFA was used to explore whether the Chinese version of the OHIP-14 scale was used in male and female populations for measurement consistency. T-test compared scores between men and women. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between age, gender, education, subject, and the score on the OHIP-14 scale. Results We found that the 7-factor structure had the best fit index in the sample. According to Cronbach’s α, the overall score of OHIP was 0.958, and Cronbach’s α for 7 factors was: functional limitation was 0.800, physical pain was 0.854, psychological discomfort was 0.902, physical disability was 0.850, psychological disability was 0.768, social disability was 0.862, social handicap was 0.819 and the test–retest reliability interval was 0.723. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported residual measurement invariance across gender. T-test for scores showed that females scored higher significantly than men as did the overall score, in terms of physical pain ( p <0.001), physical disability ( p <0.001), and psychological disability ( p <0.001). Conclusions This study found the OHIP-14 Chinese version to be a good tool for assessing the college students' OHRQoL in China, allowing people to conduct self-assessments.

Background/aim: There is growing awareness that specific childhood trauma (CT) may confer to the unique risk of depression, but little is known about this. The present study seeks to provide insight into how CT subtypes may impact distinct depressive symptoms over time based on the dimensional model of adversity (DMA).Methods: A total of 3535 college freshmen participated in a 2-year, four waves longitudinal tracking study. A conditional parallel latent growth curve model (LGCM) was constructed to examine the impacts of different types of CT (threat and deprivation) on the development of depressed mood and anhedonia, and whether these relationships vary across gender.Results: Our findings revealed that threat and deprivation could differentially relate to depressed mood and anhedonia. Both threat and deprivation predicted initial depressed mood levels (beta = 0.309, p < 0.001; beta = 0.175, p < 0.001, respectively) and its trajectory (beta = -0.139, p = 0.068; beta = -0.168, p < 0.05, respectively). Only deprivation predicted anhedonia levels (beta = 0.318, p < 0.001) and trajectory (beta = -0.218, p < 0.001). This pattern of relationships between CT and depressive symptoms varied across gender.Conclusion: These findings highlight specific pathways and symptomatic manifestations of the impacts of different CT subtypes on depression and are consistent with the hypothesis of DMA. Threat and deprivation predicted more severe depressed mood, whereas deprivation uniquely conferred to the risk of depression via elevated anhedonia. Meanwhile, the deleterious effects of CT would persist during early adulthood. Gender differences were also discussed.

目的:探究FMR1基因CGG重复次数与孕产妇不良孕产史关系,比较不良孕产史孕妇与正常孕妇FMR1基因(CGG)n重复数分布差异性.方法:收集2018年8月-2020年10月就诊于本院有不良孕产史的108例孕妇作为不良孕史组,无不良孕产史孕妇217例为对照组.收集两组孕妇外周静脉血全血磁珠DNA提取法提取基因组DNA,利用脆性X-FMR1基因AmplideX检测技术进行CGG重复序列数检测,比较分析CGG重复序列.结果:两组FMR1基因检测未检出全突变病例,CGG重复次数的变异范围为n=24～58,其中FMR1基因CGG重复等位基因杂合子数225例,占总数69.2％,最常见杂合子为30/29,占总等位基因中的11.4％;最大频率等位基因(CGG)n=30(30.1％),其次为37、31、29、36.正常范围(n=6～34)、正常范围高线(n=35～44次),两组(CGG)n重复数占比无差异(P＞0.05);对照组FMR1基因灰区携带率为0.43％(1例),不良孕史组前突变携带率为0.93％(1例),两组存在差异(P＜0.05).结论:FMR1基因CGG重复序列前突变与孕妇不良孕产史可能存在相关性.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of post-surgical recurrence of the intrauterine adhesion.Methods:In a prospective analysis,patients with intrauterine adhesion recurrence were divided into the non-severe group and severe group according to the severity of intrauterine adhesion diagnosed by hysteroscopy,and the clinical data of them were collected.The relevant risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:295 patients with recurrent IUA from January 2015 to June 2016 were recruited in the study.The major factors affecting the outcomes were severe adhesion at the first hysteroscopic surgey,amenorrhea history and separation times of intrauterine adhesions OR =12.12 (95％ CI 5.30-27.7),OR =3.24 (95％ CI 1.60-6.57),OR =1.69 (95％ CI 1.11-2.58).Conclusions:Patients with severe adhesion or amenorrhea history have poorer outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.Separation times of intrauterine adhesions is an increase risk of repeated intrauterine adhesion severity.

Asherman's syndrome (AS) is a common disease that presents endometrial regeneration disorder. However, little is known about its molecular features of this aregenerative endometrium in AS and how to reconstruct the functioning endometrium for the patients with AS. Here, we report that ΔNp63 is significantly upregulated in residual epithelial cells of the impaired endometrium in AS; the upregulated-ΔNp63 induces endometrial quiescence and alteration of stemness. Importantly, we demonstrate that engrafting high density of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) loaded in collagen scaffold onto the uterine lining of patients with AS downregulates ΔNp63 expression, reverses ΔNp63-induced pathological changes, normalizes the stemness alterations and restores endometrial regeneration. Finally, five patients achieved successful pregnancies and live births. Therefore, we conclude that ΔNp63 is a crucial therapeutic target for AS. This novel treatment significantly improves the outcome for the patients with severe AS.

Severe injuries of the uterus may trigger uterine scar formation, ultimately leading to infertility or obstetrical complications. To date, few methods have adequately solved the problem of collagen deposition in uterine scars. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have shown great promise in clinical applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a scaffold/UC-MSCs construct on collagen degradation and functional regeneration in rat uterine scars following full-thickness excision of uterine walls.

目的:探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与哮喘发病严重度和哮喘相关临床指标的相关性.方法:在HapMap上挑选TLR4的全部标签SNPs.连续性招募哮喘患者318例.采用SNPstream和Taqmans法进行基因分型.流式细胞技术检测外周血中CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞及其表面TLR4的表达.结果:TLR4的4个标签SNPs rs1927914、rs10983755、rs11536879、rs1927907与哮喘患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞、血清总IgE和hsCRP无相关性.但是rs1927914TT基因型比TC和CC基因型的FEV1％要低(P=0.043),哮喘发病程度更严重(P=0.024).同样,rs10983755 GG基因型比GA和AA基因型、rs1927907 GG基因型比GA和AA基因型哮喘发病程度更严重(P=0.009和P=0.013).TLR4 SNPs与哮喘患者外周血CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞无相关性,但是和CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞表面TLR4的表达量有关.结论:TLR4 SNPs和哮喘严重度分级及CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞表面TLR4的表达量相关,与哮喘其他表型无相关性.TLR4 SNPs可能影响哮喘症状的严重度,这为哮喘的基因治疗提供了一定理论基础.