Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and remains a leading public health problem in China. Method: Automated chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay was used to test all five markers of HBV serology in serum samples among 696,048 patients, pregnant women, and normal subjects in Beijing from 2008 to 2018. Results: The overall prevalence of subjects categorized as previous/ occult HBV infection, inactive HBsAg carrier, active HBV infection, HBsAg, HBV susceptible, and immune via vaccination was 29.4%, 4.8%, 1.4%, 6.4%, 33.9% and 30.3%, respectively; men had a significantly higher prevalence of HBV infection than women. The prevalence of HBsAg was around 0.5% in subjects <= 10 years of age, increased dramatically to 3.7% in subjects between 11 and 20 years of age, reached the highest level of 7.9% in subjects between 41 and 50 years of age, and finally decreased to 2.8% in subjects >= 81 years of age. During the 10 years from 2008 to 2018, the prevalence of HBsAg was stabilized at about 6.0%, and indicators of HBV susceptibility, previous/ occult HBV infection, and immunity via vaccination were not further improved, despite the constant implementation of HBV vaccination since 1992. All four age groups (21 - 30y, 31 - 40y, 41 - 50y and 51 - 60y) of the normal adult population were found to have a significantly lower prevalence of HBsAg and HBV susceptibility but significantly higher prevalence of immunity via vaccination compared with corresponding age groups of the sub-total population. Conclusions: Although high coverage has been established among infants and young children, their vaccination alone could not reduce HBV infection in the adult Chinese population quickly. Adult populations with more vaccinated individuals are found to have fewer individuals with HBsAg. Vaccination in adults or at least in high-risk adults is an urgent need to decrease horizontal HBV transmission in China. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

BackgroundPrimary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is prevalent worldwide and usually results in latency in immunocompetent populations. Reactivation of latent CMV can cause life-threatening complications in immunocompromised hosts.MethodsWe used the CMV Brite assay to test CMV antigenemia (pp65) in whole blood samples from 22,192 patients with or without autoimmune diseases in Beijing during 2008-2018.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CMV antigenemia was 19.5% (9.7%, males; 26.0%, females). The prevalence of CMV antigenemia was 35.1%, 58.6% and 11.4% in whole patients with autoimmune diseases, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in patients with non-SLE autoimmune diseases, respectively. All patients with non-autoimmune diseases, patients with HIV/AIDS or transplantation were found to have 5.0%, 27% or 14.8%, respectively. Patients≤20 years with SLE had a significantly higher prevalence of CMV antigenemia than did all SLE patients, on average. Patients>51 years with non-SLE autoimmune diseases had a significantly higher prevalence than did all patients with non-SLE autoimmune diseases, on average. The prevalence of CMV antigenemia in patients admitted to intensive-care units (ICUs) were 9.2%, which was significantly higher than that among all patients with non-autoimmune diseases. Patients with SLE had 23.8% of negative conversion of CMV antigenemia, significantly lower than the percentage of patients with non-SLE autoimmune (64.3%) and non-autoimmune (61.0%) diseases. The mean number of days to negative conversion of CMV antigenemia in patients with SLE was 35.3±35.8 days, which was significantly longer than that in patients with non-SLE autoimmune diseases (15.4±11.9 days) and non-autoimmune diseases (13.6±7.7 days).ConclusionsCMV antigenemia is found more likely in women than in men, more prevalently in patients with SLE than those with HIV/AIDS or transplant recipients, more frequently in patients admitted to ICUs. Patients with SLE had prolonged CMV antigenemia. The role of CMV appears important in SLE.

BACKGROUND:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which is prevalent in South China, and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune diseases has not been studied in the mainland of China. The EBV serological tests have been performed on patients with various diseases or manifestations for years at our institution and their values need to be evaluated.METHODS:For routine medical purposes, anti-EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies, anti-EBV diffuse early antigen (EA-D) IgA antibodies, and anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1(EBNA-1) IgG antibodies were tested with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients visiting Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2013 and 2017. The test results were analyzed in this retrospective study.RESULTS:There were a total of 11122 serum samples available to be tested in the study. As indicators of past EBV infection, the prevalence of VCA-IgG/EBNA1-IgG were 66.6%/58.5%, 84.3%/78.8%, 92.9%/87.0% and 98.5%/95.4% in patients aged under 5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years and 21-30 years old, respectively, and these values maintained at this highest rate as age increased further. The prevalence of VCA-IgM, as a parameter of acute EBV infection, was 14.6%, 10.2%, 10.4%, 6.3% and 3.1% in patients aged under 5 years, 6-10 years,11-20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years old, respectively, and decreased to 2%~3% in older patients. Patients with elevated serum liver enzymes were more likely to have a higher prevalence of EA/D IgA antibody (P < 0.01) and young patients (≤30 years) with lymphadenopathy were more likely to have higher prevalence of VCA-IgM antibody (P < 0.01). The prevalence of VCA-IgA and EAD-IgA were 87.0% and 59.2% in NPC patients, respectively, and both were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in non-NPC patients. The prevalence of VCA-IgA was 45.4% and 25.6% in SLE patients and patients with other autoimmune diseases, respectively, which were significantly (P < 0.001) and mildly (P = 0.039) higher than their controls. In pediatric SLE patients between 6 and10 years old, the prevalence of VCA-IgG, VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgG was 100%, 59.5% and 100%, respectively, all being significantly higher than the age (6-10y) related controls (P< 0.01). In the 705 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) specimens, VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM, VCA-IgA and EAD-IgA were found to be positive in 12.1%, 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.25%, respectively. There were 157 paired specimens (CSF and serum were collected simultaneously) and VCA-IgG was identified as positive in 12.7% of the CSF and 100% of the serum specimens.CONCLUSIONS:Around 98% of Chinese patients were infected with EBV before 30 years of age and the highest rate of acute EBV infection were observed in patients under 5 years old. EBV infection was found to be associated with elevated serum liver enzymes, NPC and SLE. Acute anti-EBV antibody was valued for young patients with lymphadenopathy but limited value for CNS neuropathy.

目的 制备抗弓形虫特异性单克隆抗体并初步应用.方法 弓形虫RH株体外细胞培养增殖、纯化后灭活并超声波破碎免疫BALB/c小鼠,小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞NS-1进行融合.酶免法筛查阳性杂交瘤并局限性稀释法进行克隆.免疫荧光、组化及印迹对筛选后的克隆进行鉴定,最终获得的杂交瘤制备腹水并使用Protein G进行纯化.结果 2只小杂交瘤融合后初步筛查出约80株阳性克隆.剔除与其它抗原有交叉反应、抗体效价低的克隆,最终获得抗弓形虫单抗杂交瘤1株,即14H4-1.免疫荧光和免疫组化显示该株单抗与弓形虫RH具有良好的反应性,免疫印迹试验显示与弓形虫28kDa抗原条带结合.14H4-1单抗免疫球蛋白亚型为IgG1,Protein G纯化腹水后的单抗效价≥1∶12800.14H4-1单抗已应用排除2例弓形虫感染疑似诊断.结论 制备的抗弓形虫单克隆抗体性能良好,可应用于弓形虫感染病原学检测.

Background Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is an obligate intracellular bacterium and a human pathogen that causes respiratory infectious diseases. More than 50% of the adult population worldwide was once infected with C. pneumoniae, but investigations into this topic are insufficient in mainland China. Methods Anti-C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using micro-immunofluorescence test in serum samples of patients visiting Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2008 and 2017 for routine medical purposes, and the aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the test results. Results Among 12,050 serum specimens tested for anti-C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM antibodies, the overall prevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG antibodies was 86.6%, 87.2% for men and 86.0% for women. Adult men (>20 years) were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG than women (χ2 = 30.32, P = 0.000). 3 to 5 years old patients were observed to have the lowest prevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG, 42.8%, then increased with age, reaching the highest level of 98.6% in patients over 70 years of age. In the 10,434 specimens with C. pneumoniae IgG antibodies, the total geometric mean titer (GMT) for C. pneumoniae IgG was 45.71. Although GMTs were found to be significantly higher among all men than among all women (t = 5.916, P = 0.000), sex difference actually began in patients over 40 years of age and increased in the elderly. In the total 12,050 specimens, 1.2% had anti-C. pneumoniae IgM, 3.3% had anti-C. pneumoniae IgG with titers equal to or greater than 1:512; 0.39% had ≥4-fold increasing titers of antibodies in acute and convalescent phase paired samples, and 4.4% were finally confirmed to have acute antibodies against C. pneumoniae. 6 to 10 years old patients were found to have the highest rate of both IgM antibodies (3.9%) and acute antibodies (6.2%) against C. pneumoniae. Acute antibodies against C. pneumoniae were found to be more frequent in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD, 14.0%, χ2 = 20.43, P = 0.000), patients with pneumonia (7.8%, χ2 = 51.87, P = 0.000) and patients with acute respiratory tract infection (12.3%, χ2 = 60.91, P = 0.000) than among all patients (4.4%). Both anti-C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM antibodies should be tested for acute antibodies against C. pneumoniae as testing for either alone will underestimate by a maximum of two-thirds the incidence of acute antibodies against C. pneumoniae. Conclusions More than 86% of Chinese patients on an average were once infected with C. pneumoniae. Adult men had both a higher prevalence and higher levels of antibodies than women. 6 to10 year old patients were found to have the most frequent acute infection of C. pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae is associated with AECOPD, pneumonia and acute respiratory tract infection. Anti-C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM should be tested simultaneously to avoid underestimation of acute antibodies against C. pneumoniae.

Objective To summarize and analyze the dynamic change of HBsAg levels in patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) after receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) as antiviral treatment.Methods Patients who were performed quantitative Hepatitis B surface antigen(qHBsAg) from July 30, 2012 to December 30,2016 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively enrolled.qHBsAg, HBV DNA, HBeAg were collected and analyzed at baseline and at 192-week follow-up every 24 weeks.qHBsAg and HBeAg were assessed with chemiluminesent microparticle immuno assay(CMIA).HBV DNA was assessed with PCR and COBAS Amplicor.Results 60 patients were included.Patients in HBeAg-positive group had higher HBV DNA than that in HBeAg-negative group (P<0.05)at baseline and the two groups both were under detection limit after 48 weeks.BaselineqHBsAg in HBeAg positive-group and negative-group were (3.43±0.73) log10 IU/mL, (3.08±0.47) log10 IU/mL respectively.qHBsAg in HBeAg-positive group was higher than that in HBeAg negative-group on all follow-ups(P<0.05) except 48weeks.However on 168 weeks and 192 weeks, difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).In HBeAg-positive group,quantitative HBeAg dropped significantly during antiviral treatment.Conclusions HBV replication can be suppressed in the process of long-term NAs treatment in CHB patients.However qHBsAg decline is not so obvious, which indicates that HBsAg cleavence is difficult,and long-term NAs therapy is still necessary.

Objective: To better understand the infection status of HIV in the patients seeking medical care in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods: The HIV detection data of the patients in the hospital from 2003-2014 were collected for a statistical analysis with software SPSS 19.0. Results: A total of 715 421 patients were screened, and 1 012 (0.14%) patients were HIV positive, and HIV infection were confirmed in 776 (0.11%) patients by Western Blot testing. The detection rate of HIV infection increased from 0.05% in 2003 to 0.17% in 2014 (trend χ(2)=66.83 , P=0.000), and the increase during 2012-2014 was obvious. Of the 776 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals, 631 (81.31%) were men and 145 (18.69%) were women. The percentage of the males infected with HIV increased from 50.00% to 90.26% (trend χ(2)=58.41, P=0.000). The median age was 36 years (interquartile range: 27-43), and the age group 18-50 years were mostly affected. In the 776 patients infected with HIV, 634 (81.70% ) were infected through sexual contacts, and the proportion of sexual transmissions increased with year (trend χ(2)=126.38, P=0.000). The proportion of infected men who have sex with men (MSM) increased from 0% in 2003 to 53.90% in 2014 (trend χ(2)=11.96, P=0.001), similar to the trend in western countries. The proportion of infected patients who were not married increased from 18.75% to 42.21% (trend χ(2)=43.74, P=0.000). The top three source departments of HIV/AIDS cases were internal medicine (51.03%), emergency room (18.30%) and dermatology (13.53%). The proportion of the HIV/AIDS patients from department of gynecology and obstetrics declined from 18.75% in 2003 to 2.60% in 2014. No HIV/AIDS patients were detected in department of surgery, department of otorhinolaryngology, department of ophthalmology, department of stomatology and health examination center in 2003, but 14 cases (9.10%), 11 cases (7.14%) and 4 cases (2.60%) were detected in these departments respectively in 2014. Conclusion: The HIV detection rate increased with year in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, suggesting the necessity of strengthened HIV test in general hospitals. MSM are the population at high risk, to whom more attention should be paid.

Objective To prepare monoclonal antibody against early and late antigens of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to use the antibody for the identification of isolates from proficiency testing and clinical samples.Methods BALB/C mice were immunized with soluble and formaldehyde to inactivate CMV antigens from the CMV-infected MRC-5 cells at 24,48 and 72 hours after inoculation.Mouse myeloma NS-1 cells were fused with spleen cells of the immunized mice.Positive hybridomas were screened with EIA and were cloned with limited dilution method.The immunofluorescent and immunoblotting tests were applied to confirm the positive clones after screening.The ascites was prepared with the identified hybridoma and was purified by Protein G.The purified monoclonal antibody was used to identify CMV isolates from CAP proficiency testing samples and clinical samples.Results A total of 110 positive hybridomas clones were preliminary identified from fused cells of three immunized mice.One hybridoma clone,23B5-1 was finally obtained while other clones were eliminated due to cross-reactive with other antigens,low antibody titers or without reactions with both CMV early and late antigens.It was shown that 23B5-1 reacted with CMV infected MRC-5 cells from 3 hours to 120 hours (5 days) after inoculation.All of immediate-early,early and the late CMV antigens were recognized by the monoclonal antibodies simultaneously.It was also shown that 23B5-1 reacted with five CMV protein bands between 25KD to 50 KD in western blot.The immunoglobulin subclass of antibody was IgG1 and the titer of the purified antibody was equal or more than 1:12 800.The results of staining with the antibody were consistence with predicted results for all six CMV isolates from proficiency testing and ten isolates from clinical samples.Conclusions The performance of our self-prepared monoclonal antibody was good according to the preliminary application.

Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus(HBV) serological markers,and the demographic factors related to HBV infection.Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers,such as HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),HBV surface antibody(HBsAb),hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg),hepatitis B e antibody(HBeAb),HBV core antibody(HBcAb),and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender,age,and department,respectively.The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed.Results Among 27 409 samples included,2681(9.8%) were HBsAg positive.When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%,9.6%,12.3%,10.9%,10.3%,9.7%,8.0%,S.8%,and 4.3%,respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department,surgical department,and health examination center was 16.2%,5.8%> and 4.7%,respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg of males(13.3%) was higher than that of females(7.3%,P=0.000).Among the 2681 HBsAg(+)patients,1230(45.9%) had HBV-DNA test,of whom 564(45.9%) were positive.Patients with HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),and HBcAg(+) result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results(71.8%,P=0.000).Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital,the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high.Age group of 20-29,males,and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.

目的 通过分析梅毒螺旋体血清学比对试验,探讨增强化学发光技术(enhanced chemiluminescence technologies,ECT)在急诊化验室筛查流程.方法 增强化学发光技术与梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TP-PA)法同时检测2013年4月～2014年5月间257例患者血清标本梅毒螺旋体抗体,二者不相符的检测结果,使用梅毒快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)和荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验(FTA-ABS)进行验证.结果 ECT与TP-PA比对敏感度为98.9％,特异度为88％,二者具有较高的一致性(K=0.921,P＜0.05);二者结果不符标本11例(4.28％),ECT阳性TP-PA阴性的不符标本9例中,FTA-ABS IgG抗体9例均为阴性,RPR检测阳性1例;ECT阴性TP-PA阳性的不符标本2例,RPR检测与FTA-ABSIgG抗体均为阴性.经FTA-ABS验证后的ECT敏感度为100％,特异度为88.3％.结论 ECT敏感度高,特异度较好,且简便快速的方法学适用于急诊化验室梅毒血清学试验筛查.ECT阳性时,建议使用RPR检测以确定疾病的活动性.

Background The hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency viruses and Treponema pallidum are important causes of infectious diseases concern to public health. Methods Between 2010 and 2014, we used an automated chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect the hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Treponema pallidum (the rapid plasma regain test was used in 2010–2011). Positive human immunodeficiency virus tests were confirmed via western blotting. Results Among 416,130 subjects, the seroprevalences for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Treponema pallidum were 5.72%, 1.23%, 0.196%, and 0.76%, respectively. Among 671 patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus results, 392 cases were confirmed via western blotting. Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections were more frequent in men (7.78% and 0.26%, respectively) than in women (4.45% and 0.021%, respectively). The hepatitis B and C virus seroprevalences decreased from 6.21% and 1.58%, respectively, in 2010, to 5.37% and 0.988%, respectively, in 2014. The human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence increased from 0.04% in 2010 to 0.17% in 2014, and was elevated in the Infectious Disease (2.65%), Emergency (1.71%), and Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1.12%) departments. The specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus screening was 71.4%. The false positive rates for the Treponema pallidum screening tests increased in patients who were 60–70 years old. The co-infection rates for the hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses were 0.47% in hepatitis C virus-positive patients and 7.33% in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Conclusions During 2010–2014, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections were more frequent among men at our institution. Although the seroprevalences of hepatitis B and C viruses decreased, the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection increased (with higher seroprevalences in high-risk departments). Older patients were more likely to exhibit false positive findings for syphilis.

Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age,gender,and departments,respectively.Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker,the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.Results Among 29 896 subjects included,the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive（1.7%）.When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were0.2%,1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,1.5%,1.9%,2.6%,2.4%and 2%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3%and 1%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females.Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA,the RNA level of 113 patients（58.2%）were higher than the low detection limit.Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital.Age group of 60-69,males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.

Objective To analyze the specificity of the automated platform using treponemal test for initial screening and discuss the improvement of the screening procedure.Methods Totally 4690 serum specimens were collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital in November 2011.The automated chemiluminescence micro particle immunoassay (CMIA) was used for initial screening of treponemal antibodies in 4690 serum specimens,among which the positive reaction specimens were re-tested by treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and syphilis rapid plasma regain test (RPR).Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) was used for confirmation in specimens with discordant results between CMIA and TPPA.Results Of 4690 serum specimens for syphilis serology screening,96 (2.04％)were initially tested positive with CMIA.Out of the 96 specimens,only 67 were retested positive with TPPA and 41 were tested positive with RPR.In 29 specimens with discordant results between CMIA and TPPA,3 were found with doubtful positive of treponemal IgG antibodies and no treponemal IgM antibodies were found by using FTA-ABS.Conclusion False positive results were found in initial screening of treponemal test with CMIA and improvement for screening procedure was needed.

HBsAg和HIV抗体的检测分别在HBV感染和HIV感染的诊疗中具有重要意义.现阶段HBsAg和HIV抗体主要通过血清免疫学方法检测,其中ELISA法检测HBsAg或HIV抗体的假阳性病例时有报道,而全自动化学发光免疫分析仪的假阳性病例较为少见.该文即报道了一例用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测透析患者血清HBsAg假阳性伴HIV抗体可疑的病例,并对可能的原因进行了深入探讨.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients infected by blood (with exception of intravenous drug users) and sexual transmission routes in China. Methods Three hundred and sixty-two cases of HIV positive patients from 13 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) centers of China (those intravenous drug users were excluded) were analyzed retrospectively. The serological markers of HBV infection including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-Hbe, anti-HBc and anti-HCV antibodies were detected by the chemiluminescence immunoassay(CMIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Numeration and measurement data were hnalyzed using chi square test and t test, respectively. Results Both HBV markers and HCV antibody were detected in 315 HIV postitive patients. Among them, fourteen cases were HBsAg positive, with the percentage of 4.4%. One hundred and fifty-eight cases (50. 2%) were anti-HCV antibody postive and 157 cases (49.8%) were negative. Only 2 cases (0.6%) were H1V, HBV, HCV co-infection. In the anti-HCV positive group, the percentage of blood and sexual transmission were 92 % and 4 %, respectively, with a predominant blood transmission; while in the anti-HCV negative group, the percentage of blood and sexual transmission were 11% and 66% respectively, dominating with sexual transmission. The duration of HIV infection, CD4+ T cell absolute numbers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were all higher in the anti-HCV positive group than those in the anti-HCV negative group. Meanwhile, there were 2 cases (1.3%) of HBsAg positive in the anti-HCV positive group while 12 cases (7.6%) in the anti-HCV negative group, with a statistically significant difference (X2= 7.542, P<0.01). HBV DNA detection was performed in 10 HBsAg positive patients, four of them were HBV DNA positive but all were anti-HCV negative. Fifty-seven patients with anti-HCV positive received HCV RNA detection and 63.2% of them were positive. Conclusions HBV and HCV co-infection exists in HIV-infected Chinese patients, predominantly with HCV co-infection and by blood transmission. HCV infection may aggravate the liver injury of HIV infection and, at the same time, may have some mechanisms to interfere HBV replication.

肝炎门诊的设立是为避免病毒性肝炎患者与其它疾病患者共同就诊,以减少院内感染,起到了良好的作用.但在肝炎门诊常能遇到非病毒性肝炎病人,现选择临床较完整的各种非病毒性肝炎病例报道如下.