MAX相材料因集合了陶瓷和金属的高硬度、高弹性模量、高温稳定性、可加工性、良好的导电/导热性等优异性能,在熔盐储热、熔盐电解、熔盐辅助合成和熔盐堆发电等变革性能源应用领域获得广泛关注,在高温、强腐蚀、高强辐照等极端恶劣环境具有很好的应用前景.全面综述了MAX相金属陶瓷材料的结构、物化性能和制备方法,跟踪了MAX相家族的新相合成以及MXene二维材料的最新研究进展,并提出MAX相金属陶瓷材料的应用前景和发展方向.

军事理论作为大学进校第一课,对大学生社会主义核心价值观的塑造和增强“四个自信”有重要的意义.通过正确地定位课程、精心地设计教学内容、规范组织教学实施,打造具有特色的军工文化教育,将思政要素融入教学,并延伸到第二课堂,以达到“课程承载思政”“思政寓于课程”的课程改革目标.

A suitable interlayer thickness is critical to reduce film mismatch and roughness. In this text, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with different SiNx interlayer thicknesses were successfully synthesized on Si (100) substrates by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method. The effect of SiNx interlayer thickness on surface morphology, adhesion, tribological and mechanical properties of DLC films was investigated. The results show that, due to the use of SiNx interlayer in the DLC films, the adhesion is significantly enhanced, the surface roughness is increased, and the spa content and modulus are lowered. When the SiNx interlayer is introduced, the intemal stress and the roughness decrease first decrease and then increase. The reason may be related to the accumulation of nitrogen vacancy centers (NVC). A sample of about 10 nm SiNx interlayer was found to have the best combination of tribology, mechanical properties, and surface roughness.

文章探究了在“核反应堆物理分析”课堂中引入案例教学的实施方法，课堂实施效果表明：案例教学与传统理论教学的有机结合能够充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性，增强学生理论联系实际的能力，教学效果良好。

In order to understand the drive-in target in a D-D type neutron generator, it is essential to study the mechanism of the interaction between hydrogen ion beams and the hydrogenabsorbing. metal film. The present research concerns the nucleation of hydride within zirconium film implanted with hydrogen ions. Doses of 30 keV hydrogen ions ranging from 4.30 x 10(17) to 1.43 x 10(18) ions cm(-2) were loaded into the zirconium film through the ion beam implantation technique. Features of the surface morphology and transformation of phase structures were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Confirmation of the formation of delta phase zirconium hydride in the implanted samples was first made by x-ray diffraction, and the different stages in the gradual nucleation and growth of zirconium hydride were then observed by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscopy.

Metal hydride (ML) will undergo extreme non-equilibrium irradiations when it is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactor, an ion source in laser, a target material for neutron generator, or other devices. This work proposed using a high intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) to evaluate the effects on mechanic properties of TiD2 film under non-equilibrium irradiations. Both microscratch and microhardness were measured for the original and the irradiated samples. Results show that repetitive irradiations cause remelting and recrystallization; thus the texture becomes denser and smoother, the frictional coefficient of the samples decreases and the initial critical load increases. The release of D can also improve both of its hardness and toughness, alleviating the plastic deformations.

In this study, an ab initio calculation is performed to investigate the uranium solubility in different sites of Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore. The Gd2Zr2O7 maintains its pyrochlore structure at low uranium dopant levels, and the lattice constants of Gd2(Zr2-yUy)O7 and (Gd2-yUy)Zr2O7 are generally expressed as being linearly related to the uranium content y. Uranium is found to be a preferable substitute for the B-site gadolinium atoms in cation-disordered Gd2Zr2O7 (where gadolinium and zirconium atoms are swapped) over the A-site gadolinium atoms in ordered Gd2Zr2O7 due to the lower total energy of (Gd2-yZry)(Zr2-yUy)O7. The theoretical findings present a reasonable explanation of recent experiment results.

The guiding of 60 keV O6+ ions along capillaries in an Al2O3 membrane is studied. The charge state distribution and the angular distribution of the ions transmitted through the capillaries are measured. The ion guiding ability of the concerned capillaries for the used projectile ions is analyzed, and is compared with other results using PC and alumina capillaries. Qualitative agreement is found. Further studies on material influence on the ion guiding power of the capillaries are needed.

Study of ion guiding effect of capillaries in insulator is of significance for developing passive-type ionic optics. Interactions between ions with different values of Ep/q, such as 150 keV O3+, 0.32 MeV O+ and 2 MeV O2+, and alumina capillaries are investigated. For projectile ions of 150 keV O3+, a guiding effect exists during the passage of the projectile ions through the capillaries. As the capillaries are tilted with respect to the projectile ion beam, the projectile ions can still pass through the capillaries considerably and the charge state remains unchanged; the spectrum of angular distribution of the ions out of the capillaries shifts by an angle the same as the tilt angle of the capillaries; the penetrating rates of the projectile ions for different tilt angles of the capillaries can be fitted to Gaussion function. For 0.32 MeV O+ and 2 MeV O2+ ions impinging on alumina capillaries, no guiding effect occurs in the interaction process. The maximum value of Ep/q of the projectile ions for guiding effect to occur is less than 320 kV.

The study of insulating capillaries guiding ions is of aspiring significance in developing passive-type ionic optics.Interaction of 150 keV O3+ ions with alumina capillaries was studied and it is found that guiding effect occurs during the passage of 150 keV O3+ ions through alumina capillaries.The projectile ions could still pass through the capillaries significantly,while the capillaries are continuously relative to the projectile beam.Angular distribution spectrum of the emerging ions moves the same angle as the capillaries do.Penetrating rate of the projectile ions for different capillary tilt angles can be fitted well with Gaussion function.