Additional file 5: Data file 1. Metabolite changes for mouse blood samples in the following comparisons: Sa vs. Con-FMT, Sa vs. A10-FMT, and Sa vs. A100-FMT.

本试验采取PCR-RFLP的方法,对26个济宁青山羊样本的kiss-1基因进行酶切.酶结果显示,kiss-1基因在此样本中存在三种基因型:一条带的GG型(110lbp)、三条带CG型(1101+805+296bp)、两条带的CC型(805+296bp).kiss-1基因296位点对窝平均产羔数有显著影响(P＜0.05): GG型比CC型多0.85只(P＜0.05),GG型与CG型(P＞0.05)、CG型与CC型之间(P＞0.05)的差异不明显.该位点对初配时间有显著影响(P＜0.05),GG型母羊从出生后到第一次配种的相隔时间比CG型母羊早58.49天(P＜0.05),GG型比CC型母早77.40d(P＜0.05),CG型与CC型从出生后到第一次配种相隔时间之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05).研究表明,kiss-1基因的表达产物能够促进FSH和LH的释放,从而影响山羊的发情期,进而影响其繁殖性能.kiss-1基因296位点G等位基因,无论是在窝平均产羔数,还是在初配时间都占有优势,对其进行研究可为济宁青山羊高繁殖力品系的培育提供一定的基础.

为检测济宁青山羊中BMPR-IB基因是否有A746 G突变,并分析其与产羔数的关系,以便加速推动多胎品系的选育步伐,试验采用PCR-RFLP技术对济宁青山羊子宫组织进行FecB基因检测.结果表明,济宁青山羊中没有检测到A→G的突变,即该检测群体中不存在FecB基因.济宁青山羊多胎高产的性能是否与FecB基因有关还有待进一步研究.

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测济宁青山羊PRLR基因部分序列的单核苷酸多态性,并分析其对济宁青山羊产羔数、出生重的影响,有利于进行分子标记辅助选择从而培育具有高繁殖力的济宁青山羊.结果表明,此次引物所扩增的片段具有多态性,有AA、AB 2种基因型;经χ2检验,该群体符合哈德-温伯格平衡.该基因位点对济宁青山羊产羔数没有显著效应(P>0.05),但是AB基因型产羔数比AA基因型多0.16只;该基因位点对济宁青山羊出生重没有显著效应(P>0.05),但是AB基因型出生重比AA型高0.38 kg.说明此次试验检测的PRLR基因的突变位点对济宁青山羊产羔数、出生重等性状的影响不显著.

Background The increasing incidence of cancer and intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics are causing worldwide concern. Many approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been used to minimize mucositis. However, it is still unknown whether FMT from a donor with beneficial gut microbiota results in more effective intestinal function in the recipient. Recently, we found that alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) benefit murine gut microbiota through increasing “beneficial” microbes to rescue busulfan induced mucositis. Results In the current investigation, FMT from AOS-dosed mice improved small intestine function over FMT from control mice through the recovery of gene expression and an increase in the levels of cell junction proteins. FMT from AOS-dosed mice showed superior benefits over FMT from control mice on recipient gut microbiotas through an increase in “beneficial” microbes such as Leuconostocaceae and recovery in blood metabolome. Furthermore, the correlation of gut microbiota and blood metabolites suggested that the “beneficial” microbe Lactobacillales helped with the recovery of blood metabolites, while the “harmful” microbe Mycoplasmatales did not. Conclusion The data confirm our hypothesis that FMT from a donor with superior microbes leads to a more profound recovery of small intestinal function. We propose that gut microbiota from naturally produced AOS-treated donor may be used to prevent small intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics or other factors in recipients.

Zearalenone (ZEA), a F-2 mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, has been found to be an endocrine disruptor through oestrogen receptor signalling pathway to impair spermatogenesis. The disruption on reproductive systems by ZEA exposure might be transgenerational. In our previous report, we have found that low dose (lower than no-observed effect level, NOEL) of ZEA impaired mouse spermatogenesis and decreased mouse semen quality. The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the impacts of low-dose ZEA on spermatogenesis in the offspring after prenatal exposure and the underlying mechanisms. And it demonstrated that prenatal low-dose ZEA exposure disrupted the meiosis process to inhibit the spermatogenesis in offspring and even to diminish the semen quality by the decrease in spermatozoa motility and concentration. The DNA methylation marker 5hmC was decreased, the histone methylation markers H3K9 and H3K27 were elevated, and oestrogen receptor alpha was reduced in the offspring testis after prenatal low-dose ZEA exposure. The data suggest that the disruption in spermatogenesis by prenatal low-dose ZEA exposure may be through the modifications on epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation and histone methylation) and the interactions with oestrogen receptor signalling pathway. Moreover, in the current study, the male offspring were indirectly exposed to low-dose ZEA through placenta and the spermatogenesis in offspring was disrupted which suggested that the toxicity of ZEA on reproductive systems was very severe. Therefore, we strongly recommend that greater attention should be paid to this mycotoxin to minimize its adverse impact on human spermatogenesis.

Endocrine disruptor zearalenone (ZEA) has been found to damage the reproductive system especially spermatogenesis. In our previous report, we have found that low dose (lower than No-Observed Effect Level, NOEL) ZEA exposure disturbed mouse spermatogenesis and diminished mouse semen quality. The purpose of current investigation was to explore the underlying mechanisms of pubertal low dose ZEA exposure upsetting spermatogenesis. And it was demonstrated that pubertal low dose ZEA exposure disrupted the meiosis process and the important genetic pathways to inhibit the spermatogenesis and even to diminish the semen quality with the decrease in spermatozoa motility and concentration. The DNA methylation markers 5mC and 5hmC were decreased, the histone methylation marker H3K27 was increased, at the same time estrogen receptor alpha was diminished in mouse testis after pubertal low dose ZEA exposure. The data indicate that the disruption in spermatogenesis by pubertal low dose ZEA exposure may be through the alterations in genetic and epigenetic pathways, and the interactions with estrogen receptor signaling pathway. Therefore, we should pay great attention on ZEA exposure to reduce its adverse impacts on male reproductive health.

PHC pile driven through hard—soft conditions was analyzed by GRLWEAP. The high strain monitoring test was also carried out. The research found that when the soil resistance difference of the hard soil layer and soft soil layer is large and soft soil layer is relatively thick, drilling holes and static pile driving is the most effective way and can minimize the rate of bad pile.

PHC pile driven through gravel pile composite foundation was analyzed by using GRLWEAP .The high strain monitoring test was also carried out .The research finds that it is feasible to drive the PHC pile through gravel pile com-posite foundation with reasonable selection of pile driving system and driving techniques .Besides ,it is necessary to set guide-holes and meanwhile ensure that the verticality of guide-hole meets the construction requirement .

An earth electrode helps to make up the current circuit in the earth when the transmission line works with single phase, so it plays an important role in the safe operation of the transmission line. The accurate and reliable data on soil resistivity data is required for design and calculation of an earth electrode. Especially, after the magnetic biasing alarm events of Xiluodu-Zhexi ±800kV UHVDC project and Jinping-Sunan±800kV UHVDC project, dependable data of soil resistivitybecomes more and more important. To provide parameter values for designer, we put forward a combination of geophysics methods based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of those methods. The main idea of the combination is using symmetric quadrupole sounding method for prospecting the electrical distribution of 300m deep rock and soil mass, using CSAMT for 3000m depth prospecting, and using MT for 3km ~ 50km depth prospecting. We applied the combination to several UHVDC projects. The combination’s operability and effectiveness are tested in practice, meanwhile it is relatively economic.

Overlength PHC pile was analyzed by GRLWEAP and high strain monitoring test. The research found that it is feasible to drive the overlength PHC pile with reasonable selection of pile driving system and driving technology.

Driving PHC pile through deep dense sand conditions often causes damage to the pile.The pile can't be drived into the design depth.Driving PHC pile through deep dense sand layer is analyzed using GRLWEAP for comprehensive analysis of these conditions of PHC pile to drive.The high strain monitoring test is also carried out. The research finds that it is feasible to drive the PHC pile through deep dense sand layer with reasonable selection of pile driving system and driving technology.Besides,it is necessary to take guide-hole measures and strengthen the pile body and pile shoe of PHC pile.The findings can provide a scientific basis for the design and construction of PHC pile in deep dense sand conditions.

Bearing stratum of PHC piles generally adopts clay and sandy soil in construction project.In the condition of complicated soft soil foundation,this paper makes experiments on rock-socketed PHC pile,which adopts weathered bedrock as bearing stratum.By pile driving test,high-strain dynamic test and static loading test,this paper analyzes the feasibility of PHC pile driven into bedrock.And this paper summarizes the key point of geotechnical engineering investigation and suggests some measures in order to ensure the quality of rock-socketed PHC pile,such as strengthening pile body,optimizing pile shoe and controlling hammer energy.

The general situation,construction craft and requirements of the pile test project of the 500kV underground substation were presented.The load transfer mechanism of the extra-long and large drilling pouring pile was investigated by analyzing the measured data of the pile static load test.

Driving pile group in soft soil is a difficulty in geotechnical engineering,and it is also a problem in construction of big power plant in river basin and costal area.In this paper,the practice of pile engineering for a big fossil power plant is discussed from the following aspects:geotechnical engineering investigation,integrated pile tests and informational monitoring in driving piles.

Based on the observation data from vacuum-surcharge preloading,the variation laws with time such as the ground settlement,the lateral displacement,pore water pressure and excess pore water pres-sure are analyzed,and the microcosmic reasons for the dissipation of soil pore pressure are explained.The results indicate that the effects of the negative pressure produced by vacuum preloading and the positive pressure produced by surcharge preloading are the consistent for the reinforcement of soft ground.The set-tlement in the site center is greater than that in the surrounding area,and the final settlement shows that the average degree of consolidation reaches 97%.The direction of the lateral displacement in the process of vacuum preloading turns to the inside of the strengthened area,while in the process of surcharge pre-loading it turns to the outside of the strengthened area.The dissipation of pore water pressure in shallow soil is obvious while in deep soil is very slow in the beginning stage,and the pore water pressure in deep soil changes greatly in the later stage.The excess pore water pressure turns to negative after the vacuum preloading begins,and the negative value is increasing as the vacuum preloading continues.

Based on observational data of vacuum-surcharge preloading, the paper analyzed the laws of vary with time, which is pore water pressure, excess pore water pressure and relative excess pore water pressure in different depths, and the microcosmic reasons of the changes in the soil pore water pressure produced from the applied vacuum-surcharge pressure. The results indicated: (1)outside of the strengthened area, the changes of pore water pressure are mainly caused by the dropping of the water-table, which are affected less by vacuum degree. (2)inside of the strengthened area, the changes of pore water pressure are influenced by vacuum pressure, the permeability of soil and surcharge pressure. The seepage under the influence of vacuum pressure is the main form of pore water pressure dissipation, and the permeability of soil affects the speed of pore water pressure dissipation. Then the dissipating pore water pressure turns to the effective stress which makes soil grains move to press pore water. Finally, the dissipation of pore water shows pulsation characteristics.

Based on the suppositon of the process of pile driving of Precast Pressure Hollow Pile as the expansion process of cylindrical cavity expansion with initialized aperture and terminal aperture which are respectively equal to inner diameter and external diameter, the expressions of radius of plastical zone, soil displacement are deduced using cylindrical cavity expansion theory; the discussion of plugging effect which appear in the tubular pile costruction offenly is also made. The soil displacements are figured out provoked in the process of precast tubular pile costruction in an electric power plant extend program using the expressions; and the conclusion is come out by checking with data obtained from field monitoring that these expressions are appropriate and could be utilized to forcast the effect of precast tubular pile driving.

Taking the rocky high slope in Huaneng-Yuhuan Power Plant for example,the geological environment and potential failure mode of the slope are analyzed;and the traditional limit balance principle and FEM are employed to research the slope stability.Finally,according to the local condition,a design scheme is put forward.

The paper analyzed the monitoring data of the actual application of vacuum-surcharge preloading in foundation treatment for electric power plant,so some useful conclusions are drawn: The vacuum-surcharge preloading can cause more settlement velocity without instability and more horizontal displacement into the foundation,Threrby the foundation improved by vacuum-surcharge preloading is stabler than that by the surcharge preloading.