The neonatal period is a crucial time during development of the mammalian small intestine. Moreover, neonatal development and maturation of the small intestine are exceptionally important for early growth, successful weaning, and postweaning growth and development, in order to achieve species-specific milestones. Although several publications recently characterized intestinal epithelial cell diversity at the single-cell level, it remains unclear how differentiation and molecular interactions take place between types and subtypes of epithelial cells during the neonatal period. A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) survey of 40,186 ileal epithelial cells and proteomics analysis of ileal samples at 6 time points in the swine neonatal period were performed. The results revealed previously unknown developmental changes: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time-dependent reduction in secretory cells. Moreover, we observed specific transcriptional factors, ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and gut mucosal microbiota playing vital roles in ileal development during the neonatal window. This work offers new comprehensive information regarding ileal development throughout the neonatal period. Reference to this data set may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies. IMPORTANCE We found previously unknown neonatal ileum developmental potentials: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time dependent reduction in secretory cells. Specific transcriptional factors (TFs), ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and the gut mucosal microbiota are involved in this process. Our results may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies.

Although some studies have investigated the DNA methylation modification in goat ovaries, it is not understood DNA methylation related to goat litter size. This investigation was designed to explore the DNA methylation status in the ovaries of high litter size and low litter size groups using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We found that there was global difference on DNA methylation in high litter size and low litter size goat ovaries. Many differentially methylated region-related genes (DMGs) were found in the ovaries of these two different goat populations. Moreover, enrichment analysis discovered that many DMGs were involved in gamete development, reproductive system development, wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT) signalling pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signalling pathways. The data indicated that DNA methylation in goat ovaries may play important roles in the folliculogenesis, the oocyte ovulation rate and finally the litter size. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in ovaries of high and low litter size goat which helps the understanding of ovarian DNA methylation in relation to goat fertility capability.

Additional file 5: Data file 1. Metabolite changes for mouse blood samples in the following comparisons: Sa vs. Con-FMT, Sa vs. A10-FMT, and Sa vs. A100-FMT.

本试验采取PCR-RFLP的方法,对26个济宁青山羊样本的kiss-1基因进行酶切.酶结果显示,kiss-1基因在此样本中存在三种基因型:一条带的GG型(110lbp)、三条带CG型(1101+805+296bp)、两条带的CC型(805+296bp).kiss-1基因296位点对窝平均产羔数有显著影响(P＜0.05): GG型比CC型多0.85只(P＜0.05),GG型与CG型(P＞0.05)、CG型与CC型之间(P＞0.05)的差异不明显.该位点对初配时间有显著影响(P＜0.05),GG型母羊从出生后到第一次配种的相隔时间比CG型母羊早58.49天(P＜0.05),GG型比CC型母早77.40d(P＜0.05),CG型与CC型从出生后到第一次配种相隔时间之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05).研究表明,kiss-1基因的表达产物能够促进FSH和LH的释放,从而影响山羊的发情期,进而影响其繁殖性能.kiss-1基因296位点G等位基因,无论是在窝平均产羔数,还是在初配时间都占有优势,对其进行研究可为济宁青山羊高繁殖力品系的培育提供一定的基础.

为检测济宁青山羊中BMPR-IB基因是否有A746 G突变,并分析其与产羔数的关系,以便加速推动多胎品系的选育步伐,试验采用PCR-RFLP技术对济宁青山羊子宫组织进行FecB基因检测.结果表明,济宁青山羊中没有检测到A→G的突变,即该检测群体中不存在FecB基因.济宁青山羊多胎高产的性能是否与FecB基因有关还有待进一步研究.

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测济宁青山羊PRLR基因部分序列的单核苷酸多态性,并分析其对济宁青山羊产羔数、出生重的影响,有利于进行分子标记辅助选择从而培育具有高繁殖力的济宁青山羊.结果表明,此次引物所扩增的片段具有多态性,有AA、AB 2种基因型;经χ2检验,该群体符合哈德-温伯格平衡.该基因位点对济宁青山羊产羔数没有显著效应(P>0.05),但是AB基因型产羔数比AA基因型多0.16只;该基因位点对济宁青山羊出生重没有显著效应(P>0.05),但是AB基因型出生重比AA型高0.38 kg.说明此次试验检测的PRLR基因的突变位点对济宁青山羊产羔数、出生重等性状的影响不显著.

Background The increasing incidence of cancer and intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics are causing worldwide concern. Many approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been used to minimize mucositis. However, it is still unknown whether FMT from a donor with beneficial gut microbiota results in more effective intestinal function in the recipient. Recently, we found that alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) benefit murine gut microbiota through increasing “beneficial” microbes to rescue busulfan induced mucositis. Results In the current investigation, FMT from AOS-dosed mice improved small intestine function over FMT from control mice through the recovery of gene expression and an increase in the levels of cell junction proteins. FMT from AOS-dosed mice showed superior benefits over FMT from control mice on recipient gut microbiotas through an increase in “beneficial” microbes such as Leuconostocaceae and recovery in blood metabolome. Furthermore, the correlation of gut microbiota and blood metabolites suggested that the “beneficial” microbe Lactobacillales helped with the recovery of blood metabolites, while the “harmful” microbe Mycoplasmatales did not. Conclusion The data confirm our hypothesis that FMT from a donor with superior microbes leads to a more profound recovery of small intestinal function. We propose that gut microbiota from naturally produced AOS-treated donor may be used to prevent small intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics or other factors in recipients.

为了实现犬胸腔器官的三维模型构建和实体模型制造,试验采用三维扫描仪对犬胸腔器官进行了三维数据采集,经Geomagic软件处理后构建出犬胸腔器官的三维数字模型,并进行了误差分析;然后利用3D打印机制做犬胸腔解剖实体模型.结果 表明:三维扫描仪能够获取犬胸腔器官的三维数据,构建出三维模型,标准偏差均小于0.03 mm;3D打印实体模型经济快速,能显示器官的解剖结构.说明三维扫描技术与3D打印技术结合可以实现犬胸腔高精度解剖模型的快速制造.