OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity laser radiation in rehabilitation treatment of patients undergoing radical treatment for head and neck tumors.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 134 patients (39 (29.1%) men, 95 (70, 9%) women), aged from 23 to 78 years old, with an average age of 54.24±12.7 years. Three groups were formed: Group 1 - 45 patients who received the traditional complex of rehabilitation treatment, which includes physical exercise, massage, and drug therapy, without using low-intensity laser radiation; Group 2 - 45 patients who received the traditional complex of rehabilitation treatment in combination with low-intensity laser radiation; Group 3 - 44 patients who underwent only a few low-intensity laser irradiation courses as a rehabilitation treatment. The impact on the tissues of the shoulder joint and cervico-supraclavicular region was carried out by radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm and 970 nm using a matrix radiation source. The course of treatment was 10 treatment sessions lasting 10 minutes. During the first year after radical treatment, the course of laser therapy was repeated every 3 months. In the course of the study, indicators of the patient's subjective assessment of changes occurring with them were studied, depending on the method of rehabilitation used, as well as the restoration of range of motion in the shoulder joint on the side of the operation and the function of soft tissues in the shoulder joint on the radical treatment side.RESULTS:Against the background of the treatment, an improvement in the condition of patients was recorded in the form of a decrease in the severity of motor and sensory disorders.CONCLUSION:Complex rehabilitation treatment with the obligatory use of low-intensity laser radiation provides an improvement in the function of the peripheral nervous system and blood circulation, which, in turn, allows not only to restore the function of these organs, but also to generally improve the quality of life of patients.

The purpose of the study. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms or polyneoplasia are a phenomenon of tumorigenesis and one of the little-studied categories in modern clinical oncology. The increase in the cancer incidence, as well as the need to make difficult decisions about further treatment strategy, enhance the relevance of studying multiple primary malignant neoplasms. This review discusses the current positions of medicine in relation to this category of malignant neoplasms, and presents a case report of a patient with this disaese. Material and methods. We have analyzed the results of international studies on the management of patients with multiple primary cancer. the search for relevant sources was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline systems with a chronological interval of 2016–2021. of the analyzed studies, 60 were used to compile a systematic review with a case report. Results. The analysis showed that timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of these tumors. Psychological work with a patient, strengthening of his commitment to therapy and the implementation of medical recommendations are integral parts of improving cancer care for patients with such disease. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors requires long-term follow-up of a large population, taking into account genetic factors, environmental factors, exposure to smoking and nutrition, and comorbid pathology. Timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of multiple primary malignant tumors.

Prostate cancer (РСа), being one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men in Russia and in a number of other countries of the world, remains an urgent problem for modern oncourology, and the choice of surgical method is an important task for a surgeon. Such a pronounced interest in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients is driven by good tolerance and effectiveness of these surgical interventions, despite the fact that radical prostatectomy is considered to be the "gold standard" for treatment of patients with clinically localized РСа with regard to European Association of Urology data. The long-term oncological and functional results and the quality of life of patients after RARP deserve close attention and thorough study. According to the data presented in this article, it is obvious that RARP is the preferred method for surgical treatment of РСа, since oncological and functional results in the long-term follow-up are comparable to the results after radical prostatectomy, and according to some authors, these results are superior to the results of radical prostatectomy. The results of the study will allow to continue further introduction of RARP into clinical practice and its popularization as a method of surgical treatment of patients with localized PCa, which will reduce the length of hospital stay of patients, accelerate their medical and social rehabilitation, and improve the quality of medical care.The amount of data on the study of distant oncological and functional results of RARP as well as its superiority over other treatment methods is limited in medical literature, which prompted us to conduct our own research. Currently the urological clinic of the A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry continues work aimed at studying the longterm results of RARP in the first patients in Russia.

Purpose: to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in correction of blood hemodynamic and rheological parameters after surgery for head and neck cancer.Material and Methods. The study included 134 head and neck cancer patients with a median age of 54.24 ± 12.7 years (range: 23–78 years). There were 39 (29.1 %) men and 95 (70.9 %) women. To assess the effectiveness of LLLT, all patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I included 45 patients, who received conventional therapy without the use of LLLT. Group II consisted of 45 patients, who received conventional therapy in combination with LLLT. Group III included 44 patients, who received LLLT alone. Azor 2K-02 was used as a source of LLLT in the red to near infrared spectral range. Characteristics of blood flow in the vessels of the neck and the rheological properties of blood, as well as the parameters of spontaneous platelet aggregation and the content of soluble fibrinmonomer complexes in the blood plasma of patients were studied.Results. The data obtained indicated that the use of LLLT promoted normalization of blood rheological properties in patients, who underwent surgery. Normalization of blood rheological properties occurred faster and lasted for a longer period. In patients, who received conventional therapy in combination with LLLT, the hemodynamic and rheological parameters of blood were improved 2–14 days after therapy, whereas in patients receiving conventional therapy alone, this improvement was seen 30 or more days after therapy.Conclusion. LLLT in combination with conventional therapy was shown to have a positive effect on hemodynamic and rheological parameters after surgery for head and neck cancer.

In this article we submit the case report of a patient with cT1N0M0 penile cancer diagnosis. The patient underwent two courses of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Fotoditazin photosensitizer (PS) and ATKUS-2 diode laser. The PS was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight 2 hours prior to the PDT session. The irradiation parameters were: 662 nm laser wavelength, 200 mW/cm 2 power density and 250 J/cm 2 energy density. In the presented clinical observation, we demonstrated that PDT is an effective and safe treatment method in patients with non-invasive penile cancer. The use of photodynamic therapy allowed preserving the physiological urination, sexual function and achieving a good cosmetic effect.

Colitis cystica profunda is a rare nonmalignant disease, characterized by an inflammation of mucous coat of intestine and formation of submucous cysts. The clinical picture of this pathology and oncological diseases of colon and rectum is similar. It is very difficult and important to differentiate this disease from colorectal cancer to protect the patient from unjustified mutilating surgery. Nowadays either in Russian and foreign scientific literature there are single reports dedicated to this disease. In our opinion the publication of this clinical case and analysis of scientific literature devoted to this subject is currently important. In this article there is a short review of modern state of problem of diagnostics and treatment of colitis cystica profunda. Also there is an own rare clinical observation of a patient who was diagnosed with colitis cystica profunda.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver.Materials and methods. A study aimed at investigating the effect of selective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of the hepatic artery on liver metastases in colorectal cancer was conducted at the Oncology Centre of the RZhD Central Clinical Hospital No. 2 named after N.A. Semashko, Moscow. The research basis included data for 10 patients, who had undergone chemoembolization of the hepatic arteries using Biosphere microspheres 50– 100 µm — 25 mg and doxorubicin 50 mg.Results. Both immediate and long-term results of up to 12 months were evaluated using the RECIST 1.1 scale. A partial response was achieved after 4 TACE treatments in 22.2 % of cases. The stabilization of the oncological process in the liver was observed after 9 TACE treatments in 50 % of cases. Disease progression was noted after 5 procedures in 27.8 % of cases.Conclusions. Transarterial chemoembolization of metastatic liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer can be used according to certain indications in specialized centres providing endovascular treatment services.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is definied by the lack of expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2. TNBC has been characterized by aggressive course, early development of metastases, poor overall survival rates compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Molecular genetic studies have allowed to discover different molecular subtypes of TNBC (i. e., basal-like, claudin-low), demonstrated the presence of «immune-activated» subtypes with better disease outcome. In addition, further studies have characterized molecular features characteristic of TNBC, including a high rates of TP53 mutations, MEK and PI3K pathway activation, loss RB1 protein function, genetic similarities to serous ovarian cancers, including inactivation of BRCA pathway. Understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of TNBC led to promising therapeutic approaches, including DNA-damaging agents (i. e., platinum salts and PARP inhibitors) and immunotherapy currently. Platinum salts became a standard component in the chemotherapy regimens for patients with metastatic TNBC. The best outcomes are observed among patients with BRCA-mutation. Furthermore, the use of platinum salts in neoadjuvant regimens showes higher pathologic complete response rates. The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in TNBC carries prognostic role. The use of checkpoint inhibitors, including PD‑1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, actively investigated in the setting of metastatic TNBC. For oncologists it’s very important to have ability to assign the optimal therapeutics regimens, based on knowledge of the heterogeneity of TNBC, that would led to improve patient outcome.

Preservative surgery is the main method of treatment for kidney cancer. However functional results of surgery are not good enough in all cases. High-energy laser radiation can improve the results of preservative surgery. This approach minimizes renal ischemia because it does not require stopping renal blood flow. The article deals with modern problems of preservative surgery and the role of high-energy laser radiation in the treatment of patients with kidney cancer.

Tumors of the reproductive system account for the highest percentage of incidence in female oncological diseases in Russia 36.7%. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancer diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer may cause psychological trauma and provokepost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to various studies, PTSD incidence among cancer patients ranges from 3% (in the early stages) to 45% in patients after treatment, and up to 80% in those with recurrent disease.

The purpose of the study was to develop a test of the multifunctional protein YB-1 in the intraoperative biopsy specimen to predict the course of breast cancer (BC). Its tasks were to use of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-RCR) to substantiate the data previously obtained by semiquantitative RT-PCR and to clarify whether there was a correlation between the amount of YB-1 mRNA in the BC tissue and the status of steroid hormone receptors of these tumors. The determination of the tumor amount of YB-1 mRNA was shown to predict the course of BC: a statistically significant correlation was found between the higher content of YB-1 mRNA and the aggressive course of BC--the emergence of distant metastases. Comparing the content of YB-1 mRNA and the hormonal status of a tumor (the number of estrogen and progesterone receptors) revealed no correlations. The findings indicate that the determination of YB-1 mRNA by both real-time RT-PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR may be used to predict BC metastases in distant organs.

Administration of an immunomodulator, galavit, for stage II-III non-small lung cancer along with standard therapy was followed by immunological vigor improvement by the end of the course. CD3, CD4, IgA, IgM and IgG indices were normal in more than 80% of the study group by day 51 after surgery; CD8, CD20 and HLA-DR--in more than 50%; CD16--in 45.2%. In control, by day 51, normal IgG and HLA-DR levels were reported in 60%. The remaining indices were normal in less than 50%. Our results point to immunological vigor improvement due to use of galavit. The drug is well tolerated, has neither side effects nor toxicity.

The article presents the results of a clinicoimmunological examination of 61 patients with stage II-III non-small cell cancer of the lung. It has been shown that in the presence of immunomodulating therapy all links of the immunity are being recovered.

The multifunctional mammalian protein YB-1 is involved in multiple DNA- and mRNA-dependent events in the cell and regulates gene expression at different levels. The intracellular localization and relative mRNA content of YB-1 in the breast tumors were studied. The presence of cells with nuclear YB-1 localization in the tumor cell population is a poor predictor that correlates with larger tumors (more than 5 cm). The high YB-1 mRNA content in the breast tumors promotes metastasis of small neoplasms and patients with breast cancer who have high tumor tissue YB-1 mRNA levels may referred to as an early distant metastasis risk group. The findings suggest that combined determination of YB-1 intercellular localization and mRNA levels can ensure a more reliable prognosis of breast cancer.

Немелкоклеточный РЛ представляет собой морфологически неоднородную группу, включающую в основном плоскоклеточный рак (70–75%), аденокарциному (20–25%) различной дифференцировки и другие, редкие формы рака. Они объедены в одну группу немелкоклеточного рака по органному принципу и близким отдаленным результатам. Единственным радикальным методом лечения немелкоклеточного РЛ остается хирургический [3]. В настоящее время основным контингентом больных, подвергающихся хирургическому лечению, являются больные с II–III стадией опухолевого процесса. Так как злокачественный опухолевый процесс, оперативное вмешательство и развивающиеся в послеоперационном периоде осложнения приводят к значительной иммуносупрессии, целью данной работы явилось исследование иммунологической эффективности применения иммуномодулятора Галавит у больных немелкоклеточным РЛ II–III стадии.