Therapeutic education for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an important and mandatory component the comprehensive management of this disease. This approach integrates several disciplines such as medicine, pedagogy and psychology, making it a unique field aimed at improving the health and quality of life of patients. The goal of therapeutic education is not only to provide information about the disease, but also to teach the patient self-management skills, proper nutrition, self-adjustment of insulin doses, and recognizing the signs of possible complications. Effective management of DM is impossible without the patient's participation. Continuous monitoring of glucose levels, timely adjustments of insulin doses and compliance with dietary recommendations require the patient's informed and active participation in the treatment process. Therapeutic education helps patients to better understand their condition, recognize the importance of self-management and improve their disease management skills. Thus, education becomes an integral part of treatment, ensuring the achievement of long-term goals for maintaining optimal glycemia levels and preventing the development or progression of complications. Since the end of the 20th century, Russia began to develop its own school of therapeutic education for patients with diabetes mellitus. Various programs were created, including courses for patients and their relatives, seminars with doctors. These programs have proven to be effective in the long term, as evidenced by the improvement of carbohydrate metabolism compensation indicators in patients with diabetes, as well as a reduction in the frequency of hospitalizations and complications. Thus, therapeutic education within the framework of comprehensive diabetes treatment not only contributes to the improvement of individual health indicators of patients, but also has a positive impact on the overall efficiency of the health care system.

IV (XXVII) Национальный конгресс эндокринологов с международным участием «ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ» 22-25 сентября 2021 года МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПАТОЛОГИИ ПЛАЦЕНТЫ И НАРУШЕНИЙ

BACKGROUND:The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the high probability of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the fetus, as well as a number of long-term consequences in GDM are a serious medical and social problem and require the need for its prevention by correcting risk factors, timely diagnosis and effective treatment.AIM:Analysis of risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the relationship between GDM, the course and outcomes of pregnancy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 79 case histories of patients with confirmed GDM in the period from 2015 to 2017.RESULTS:In the structure of risk factors for mother and fetus, age over 30 years (73.1%), burdened heredity for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30.8%), mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (overweight / obesity (26.9%)) had the greatest impact. Among the complications of pregnancy, the most common was the caesarean section (47.4%). The incidence of other complications (macrosomia (9%), premature birth (7.7%), congenital malformations of the fetus (5.1%), preeclampsia (5.1%) was lower than the average frequency of these complications in GDM, described in the literature. Nevertheless, it is 1.5-2 times higher than the average population indicators. In the course of statistical analysis of the data it was revealed, that the higher the mother's pre-pregnancy BMI, the lower the Apgar score for the first minute in the newborn.CONCLUSION:Women with GDM require intensive monitoring of the course of pregnancy and timely hospitalization for planned delivery, and the provision of competent obstetric benefits.

Aim of the study. To estimate the effectiveness of the new program of structured diabetes education for the groups of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) during their transition to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy in terms of improvement of the glycemic control and quality of life (QL). Material and methods. The study included 35 patients presenting with DM1: 14 men, mean age 26.5 years (24; 36). The patients were divided into two groups. Those in the study group received a structured diabetes education (n=19), those in the control group were given conventional education (n=16). The patients of group 1 were transferred to SAP therapy in the framework of group education based on the specialized structured program. The education of control patients was carried out on an individual basis in the previous period at the places of residence. Quality of life and emotional well-being were estimated with the use of the validated Russian versions of the SF-36, ADDQoL, and WB-Q12 questionnaires. The effectiveness of glycemic control and QL were evaluated within 4 months after the completion of education and transition to SAP. Results. The patients of both groups were not initially different in the HbA1c level: 8.1 (8.0; 9.2) versus 8.8 (7.7; 9.0) (p>0.05). The HbA1c level: decreased in the two groups within 4 months after the initiation of SAP therapy: 7.3 (6.3; 7.8) versus 8.0 (6.3; 8.5) (p>0.05). The decrease was more pronounced in the group of the patients who received the structured diabetes education than in the control group (p=0.036). The patients transferred to SAP in the framework of the structured education program tended to have higher indices of QL and emotional well-being than the patients given the standard education. Conclusion. The use of the specialized structured program for the education for the groups of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus during transition to SAP therapy results not only in a more pronounced improvement of glycemic control indices but also in the positive changes of certain QL characteristics.

27?31 мая в Москве состоялся VI Всероссий- ский конгресс эндокринологов с международным участием ?Современные технологии в эндокринологии?, в котором приняли участие более 1400 делегатов из 15 стран мира. В программу конгресса вошли 6 пленарных лекций, 31 симпозиум, 34 научных заседания. В рамках конгресса прошло расширенное за- седание Координационного совета главных эндокринологов. Для обмена опытом и современными научными знаниями между врачами всех регионов России и стран СНГ была организована постерная сессия с конкурсом научно-практических работ молодых ученых

Пятая ежегодная международная конференция ATTD (Advanced Technologies & Treatment for Diabetes) прошла 8?11 февраля 2012 года в Испании (г. Барселона). Данное мероприятие организуется ежегодно под руководством проф. Phillip Moshe (Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Israel) и Tadej Bottelino (University Children?s Hospital, Slovenia). В 2012 году наибольший резонанс в эндокринологическом сообществе вызвали инновации в области помповой инсулинотерапии, разработки замкнутого контура?, телемедицины и непрерывного мониторирования гликемии. Традиционно был представлен очередной ежегодный выпуск ?ATTD Yearbook 2011? ? коллекция репринтов лучших опубликованных за год статей по новым технологиям в диабетологии с комментариями экспертов.

Precise dosing of insulin at meals and for correction of glycemia is crucial for sustention of optimal blood glucose concentration. Modern insulin delivery systems (such as insulin pumps) not only provide high dosing precision, but are also capable of calculating necessary dose by means of built- in software - so called "bolus calculators". However, patient- oriented approach to "calculator" settings, as well as their timely correction is imperative for attainment of desired precision. Though similar in their principle, various "calculators" also feature essential peculiarities that have to be considered for optimal adjustment. The review addresses current evidence for "bolus calculator" efficiency, comparative analysis of these applications and description of their key distinctions.

Aim. To compare efficacy of special structured program for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) group education between users of an integrated real-time (RT) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)/continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems and patients on CSII and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).Methods. This 4 months trial included 39 adults (18 male, age 27 [24,0; 35,0] years) with type 1 DM (duration of diabetes 12 [8,0; 18,0] years). All subjects were randomized to study groups: 20 in the CSII/SMBG arm and 19 in the RT-CGM/CSII arm. All participants were provided with special structured program for group education of diabetes patients on insulin pump therapy. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed with questionnaire SF-36.Results. Both groups were not significantly different in HbA 1c, BMI and QoL at baseline. After 4 months HbA 1c was significantly lower in both study groups without increase in rate of hypoglycemia. Improvements in QoL were observed in psychic health score in the CSII/SMBG arm and in physical health and psychic health scores in the RT-CGM/CSII arm. There was no significant difference in HbA 1c, BMI and QoL between groups.Conclusion. Transfer to CSII during group training under special structured program for patients with type 1 DM significantly improves glycemic control regardless of glucose monitoring method. Both "RT-CGM+ CSII" and "SMBG+ CSII" amend several aspects of QoL. Finally, transfer to CSII during group training considerably reduces total consumption of trainer's time without loss of training quality.