The gut microbiome and its metabolites may be important role in regulating the pathogenesis of obesity. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolome in obese children. This case-control study recruited children aged 7-14 years and divided them into a normal group (NG) and an obese group (OG) based on their body mass index. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed on fecal samples from the OG and NG groups to characterize the signatures and functional potential of the gut microbiota. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26) and R software were used for data analysis. A total of 99 children were recruited, with 49 in the OG and 50 in the NG. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria were significantly more abundant in children in the OG than those in the NG. At the genus level, Oscillibacter and Alistipes were significantly lower in children in the OG than those in the NG. Caproate levels significantly increased, whereas butyrate and isobutyrate levels decreased in children in the OG than those in the NG. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) functional analysis revealed 28 enriched KEGG pathways, of which/with the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and enhanced biofilm formation by Escherichia coli were particularly significant in the OG. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the genus Oscillibacter and species Clostridium_sp._CAG:302 connect serum metabolites and the gut microbiota in childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is correlated with the symbiotic status of the gut microbiota. The microbiota influences human metabolism via specific pathways, particularly butyrate, caproate, and the genus Oscillibacter, all closely associated with obesity.

Gut microbiota and their metabolic products might play important roles in regulating the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to characterize gut microbiota and serum amino acid metabolome profiles in children with ASD. A non-randomized controlled study was carried out to analyze the alterations in the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in patients with ASD (n = 30) compared with neurotypical controls (NC) (n = 30) by metagenomic sequencing to define the gut microbiota community and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis to characterize the metabolite profiles. Compared with children in the NC group, those in the ASD group showed lower richness, higher evenness, and an altered microbial community structure. At the class level, Deinococci and Holophagae were significantly lower in children with ASD compared with TD. At the phylum level, Deinococcus -Thermus was significantly lower in children with ASD compared with TD. In addition, the functional properties (such as galactose metabolism) displayed significant differences between the ASD and NC groups. Five dominant altered species were identified and analyzed (LDA score > 2.0, P < 0.05), including Subdoligranulum , Faecalibacterium _praushitzii, Faecalibacterium , Veillonellaceae , and Rumminococcaceae . The peptides/nickel transport system was the main metabolic pathway involved in the differential species in the ASD group. Decreased ornithine levels and elevated valine levels may increase the risk of ASD through a metabolic pathway known as the nickel transport system. The microbial metabolism in diverse environments was negatively correlated with phascolarctobacterium succinatutens . Our study provides novel insights into compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolite profiles in ASD and the underlying mechanisms between metabolite and ASD.

Background Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) usually experience difficulty regarding symbolic play. However, studies on whether symbolic play test (SPT) can differentiate between ASD and other developmental disorders are inconsistent, and evaluating the application value of the SPT in the identification of ASD without global developmental delay (GDD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) is necessary. Methods A total of 200 children were selected as the research participants. There were 100 cases of ASD without GDD and 100 cases of DLD. All children were tested by SPT and Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision (CNBS-R2016). Binomial logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of SPT in identifying ASD without GDD and DLD. Results SPT equivalent age was lower than chronological age in the two groups, the difference between the ASD without GDD group was greater than that in the DLD group, and the proportion of SPT equivalent age retardation was higher than that in the DLD group; the differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a difference in SPT equivalent age between DLD and ASD without GDD. When the cut-off value of the SPT was 8.5, the largest area under the ROC curve was 0.723, and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ASD without GDD were 0.720 and 0.620 respectively. Conclusions Symbolic play ability in ASD children is worse than that of DLD children at comparable development levels. SPT may be helpful to distinguish ASD without GDD from children with DLD.

Objective To explore the prevalence and correlation between husbands and lifetime domestic violence (DV) among women in Wuhan, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community health center in Wuhan from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 1015 women who came to the center for gynecological examination were selected through a random sampling. They were assessed using the WHO Violence Against Women Instrument to evaluate the prevalence of DV. The chi-square test, the Wilcoxon rank test, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the possible risk or protective factors for DV. Results The lifetime prevalence of DV was 29.36% (298/1015). The risk factors included heavy physical labor (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.63–7.77), long-term drinking (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.19–2.14), overweight or obesity (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.88) and long-term smoking (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04). Higher education was a protective factor (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.96). Conclusion Women whose husbands had lower education, performed heavy physical labor, were long-term alcohol consumers, had overweight or obesity, and were long-term smokers were vulnerable to lifetime DV.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication impairments, narrow range of interests or activities, and repetitive behaviors. Early diagnosis and early intervention can achieve better prognostic effects. Many studies have shown that the occurrence and development of ASD is closely related to intestinal flora disorder, which leads to an extremely increased probability of gastrointestinal symptoms in autism children. In addition, intestinal flora disorder in early life may pose a certain threat for infants, including early colonization of microorganisms and early antibiotic administration. Meanwhile, intestinal flora disorder in autistic children also change short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, neurotransmitters in blood. This review focuses on the above points and the possible new methods for the treatment of ASD, expecting to provide new ideas for the treatment of autistic children in addition to behavioral intervention.

Objective:To investigate the change of serum visfatin concentration in simple obese children and its correlation with inflammatory markers, glucose and lipid parameters.Methods:A total of 44 obese children (23 males, 21 females) who met the diagnostic criteria of simple obesity were selected, and 50 age- and gender-matched normal weight children (23 males, 27 females) were used as the healthy controls.A complete physical examination, including anthropometric parameters (height, body mass, waist circumference and blood pressure), was carried out by a specially assigned person.The fasting serum levels of visfatin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, blood glucose, insulin and blood lipid were measured and analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software.Results:(1) The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of obese children were significantly higher than those of healthy children (all P<0.05), while the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly lower than that of healthy children (all P<0.01). The fasting blood glucose level, fasting insulin level and the value of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of obese children were significantly higher than those of healthy children ( P<0.01). (2) The serum levels of visfatin, hs-CRP and IL-6 in obese children were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (all P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the serum levels of TNF - α in obese children and the healthy control group ( P>0.05). (3) The serum visfatin level was significantly positively correlated with body mass index(BMI) ( r=0.218, P<0.05), waist circumference ( r=0.332, P<0.05), TG ( r=0.283, P<0.01), IL-6 ( r=0.376, P<0.05), and hs-CRP ( r=0.321, P<0.05), but not significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α ( r=0.085, P>0.05). (4) There were gender differences in the correlation of visfatin with anthropometric parameters, metabolic parameters and inflammatory factors.Visfatin were positively correlated with waist circumference, TG and hs-CRP in both boys and girls, but only positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.247, P=0.029) and IL-6 ( r=0.427, P=0.013) in boys. Conclusions:Obese children have obvious disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Visfatin, as a visceral adipokine, has double functions of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and promoting inflammation.It may be involved in obesity related metabolic disorders and inflammation.The detection of serum visfatin in obese children can be used as a new inflammatory marker to reflect the low level of inflammatory response.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨孕妇行为生活方式与早产的关系,为母婴保健提供科学依据。方法采用前瞻性观察设计,以2012年9月—2014年10月在湖北省武汉市妇幼保健院定期产检并拟在该院分娩的11 311名孕妇为研究对象,住院分娩时通过自制调查问卷、孕产妇保健手册和病历收集资料,组间比较使用χ2检验和Fisher确切概率法,采用非条件logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果共有11 311名孕妇进入本研究。孕前半年吸烟与孕晚期每周锻炼不超过2 d的孕妇早产的发生率较高,分别为14.94%和9.77%。logistic回归分析显示,早产可能的危险因素包括夫妻全年总收入&lt;30 000元（以≥200 000元为参照,OR=2.50,95%CI=1.25～4.99）,孕前半年吸烟（OR=2.42,95%CI=1.30～4.48）,丈夫文化程度为初中及以下（以大专及以上为参照,OR=2.08,95%CI=1.60～2.69）、高中及中专（OR=1.45,95%CI=1.16～1.82）,孕妇文化程度为初中及以下（OR=1.93,95%CI=1.51～2.47）,孕晚期每周运动不超过2 d（以每天运动为参照,OR=1.81,95%CI=1.52～2.15）。结论孕晚期每周运动不超过2 d和孕前半年吸烟会增加早产的发生风险。</span>

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor health status later in life. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and health-related behaviors, chronic diseases, and mental health in adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 1501 residents of Macheng, China. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to assess ACEs, including psychological, physical, and sexual forms of abuse, as well as household dysfunction. The main outcome variables were lifetime drinking status, lifetime smoking status, chronic diseases, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between overall ACE score and individual ACE component scores and risk behaviors/comorbidities in adulthood after controlling for potential confounders. Results A total of 66.2% of participants reported at least one ACE, and 5.93% reported four or more ACEs. Increased ACE scores were associated with increased risks of drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00-1.09), chronic disease (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06-1.28), depression (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27-1.48), and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23-1.42) in adulthood. After adjusting for confounding factors, the individual ACE components had different impacts on risk behavior and health, particularly on poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions ACEs during childhood were significantly associated with risk behaviors and poor health outcomes in adulthood, and different ACE components had different long-term effects on health outcomes in adulthood.

目的:探讨外伤住院患者创伤后应激障碍症状(PTSD)的相关因素.方法:选取武汉市两家医院外伤住院患者426例,采集一般人口学资料,采用社会支持评定量表评估社会支持情况,采用抑郁自评问卷(BDI)评估抑郁症状,采用PTSD自评量表评定(PTSD)症状.结果:PTSD症状的检出率为24.2％ (103/426),家人关心减少(OR=2.47,95％ CI:1.35～4.53)、入院时意识昏迷(OR=3.02,95％ CI:1.39～6.54)、交通伤(OR =2.31,95％CI:1.31～4.05)、院内感染(OR =3.38,95％ CI:1.31～8.74)、焦虑(OR =4.31,95％CI:1.11 ～ 16.74)、噩梦(OR =25.34,95％CI:5.30 ～ 121.31)、有些担心/很担心/非常担心死亡(OR=3.89/3.61/2.43,95％CI:1.59～9.53/1.32 ～9.92/0.86 ～6.84)和抑郁症状(OR=7.24,95％CI:3.38 ～ 15.49)是PTSD的危险因素.结论:家人关心减少、入院时意识昏迷、交通伤、院内感染、焦虑、噩梦、担心死亡和出现抑郁症状的外伤患者可能更容易出现PTSD.