Early and accurate diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) are routinely used but have limited sensitivity and specificity in capturing the complexity of thrombus formation and fibrinolysis. Recent research has introduced a range of emerging biomarkers—including thrombomodulin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, plasmin–α2-plasmin inhibitor complex, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex—that reflect endothelial injury, thrombin generation, and fibrinolytic activity. In parallel, thromboelastography (TEG) has gained attention as a whole-blood assay that offers a dynamic and comprehensive view of the coagulation cascade. These new tools provide valuable information beyond that available from traditional tests and have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic utility in AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The combined assessment of these biomarkers and TEG parameters enhances risk stratification by reflecting both vascular injury and coagulation dysfunction. Furthermore, TEG supports individualized antiplatelet therapy by continuously monitoring clot formation, strength, and dissolution. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the biomarkers—TM, TAT, PIC, and t-PAIC—demonstrate potential clinical value in providing a more refined assessment of thrombus formation and fibrinolytic activity and TEG provides an important basis for optimizing antiplatelet therapy by dynamically monitoring the coagulation process in whole blood.

BackgroundGranulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare inflammatory breast disease primarily affecting reproductive-aged women with a history of breastfeeding. Within GM lesions, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii has frequently been isolated, suggesting it may play a significant role in the development of GM. It is important to develop the novel therapeutic regimen to fight against the Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii infection.ResultsIn our study, the combination of vancomycin and the lipid-lowering drug Tetrahydrolipstatin (THL) exhibited a synergistic effect against bacteria. Proteomic analysis revealed that potential targets of THL are involved in intermediary metabolism, cellular respiration, lipid metabolism, signaling pathways, virulence, and detoxification and adaptation processes.ConclusionsThe combination of THL and vancomycin could be a novel therapeutic regimen to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce the recurrence of GM.

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in combination with inflammatory markers-systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)-for the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 759 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who underwent PCI from September 2022 to December 2023. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACEs within one year, defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and angina. TyG index was calculated at admission, and multivariable regression models were used to explore the associations between TyG, inflammatory markers, and coronary lesion severity. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the predictive ability for MACEs. RESULTS:Compared with non-MACEs patients, the MACEs group had significantly elevated hsCRP, NLR, and SII levels, and a higher TyG index (8.8 vs. 8.9, p = 0.007). The interaction between TyG and hsCRP remained an independent predictor of MACEs (HR = 1.014, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed the highest predictive accuracy for MACEs with the TyG-hsCRP combination (AUC = 0.708). CONCLUSION:The TyG index-inflammation composite is an independent and effective predictor of post-PCI MACEs and may aid in refining current cardiovascular risk prediction models.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of Escherichia coli(E.coli)colonization in the production of ex-tended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)in elderly hospitalized patients and establish a prediction model.Methods A total of 140 eld-erly patients admitted to Changzhi People's Hospital from August 2022 to November 2023 were selected and divided into the modeling cohort,and another 63 elderly patients admitted to our hospital during the same period were selected as the validation cohort.Patients with ESBL-producing E.coli colonization detected in the modeling cohort were divided into the exposed group,and patients without ES-BL-producing E.coli colonization were divided into the non-exposed group.Baseline data,antibacterial drug use,and comorbidities were collected from the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the indicators with differences.Multivari-ate logistic regression analysis results were used to construct a nomogram model.Column identification was assessed by C-index,and ROC curve was used to assess the internal validation results.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was drawn to evalu-ate the value of the prediction model and construct a calibration curve and decision curve were constructed.Results There were no significant differences in baseline data between the modeling cohort and the validation cohort(P＞0.05).In the modeling cohort,35 patients with ESBL-producing E.coli colonization detected were in the exposed group and 105 patients without ESBL-producing E.coli colonization were in the non-exposed group,and there were significant differences in the use of third-generation cephalosporins,urinary catheter indwelling,gastric tube indwelling,combined antibiotics,and length of hospital stay between the two groups(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of third-generation cephalosporins,urinary catheter indwell-ing,gastric tube indwelling,combined antibiotics and length of hospital stay were independent risk factors affecting ESBL-producing E.coli colonization(P＜0.05).The constructed prediction models were internally validated with the validation cohort,and the results showed that the models showed high discrimination and calibration in both the modeling cohort and the validation cohort,and the Hos-mer Lemeshow test showed that there were no significant differences between the predicted probabilities and the actual probabilities in the validation cohort and the modeling cohort(P＞0.05).The nomogram prediction model developed from the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis,validated by the validated cohort,showed an AUC of 0.917(95％CI:0.861-0.973)by ROC curve,in-dicating a high accuracy of the prediction model.Conclusion The use of third-generation cephalosporins,length of hospital stay,uri-nary catheter indwelling,gastric tube indwelling and combined antibiotics are all important influencing factors of ESBL-producing E.coli colonization in patients,and the nomogram model constructed based on this has high clinical value.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate clinical significance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs proportions in predicting and evaluating UC.MethodsA total of 101 UC patients diagnosed by the Department of Gastroenterology of the Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were recruited. This is a retrospective study. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.ResultsThe proportions of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell in UC patients were higher than healthy controls (p < 0.001); The area under the curve (AUC) values of Th1, Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg were all >0.900 in predicting UC (p < 0.001), with the cut off values being 15.25%, 4.885 and 0.425, respectively. In addition, Th1, Th17, Treg, Th17/Treg, Th2/Treg, Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg were statistically significant among the mild to severe group (p < 0.05). The percentage of Treg cells was negatively correlated with Mayo Score, while the percentages of Th17 cell, Th17/Treg, Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg were positively correlated with Mayo score (p < 0.05). Notably, Th17/Treg was closely related to Mayo score (r = 0.513, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe dysregulation of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs is a significant phenomena of immune disorder in UC, and these auxiliary indicators correlate with increased disease severity. The analysis of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs possesses certain clinical significance in the prediction and evaluation of UC.

BACKGROUND:With the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs, bacterial resistance has become a significant problem, posing a serious threat to public health. The prevalence of clinical infection strains in hospitals and their drug sensitivities are key to the appropriate use of antibiotics in clinical practice.AIM:To identify prevalent bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in a hospital setting, thereby guiding effective antibiotic usage by clinicians.METHODS:Specimens from across the institution were collected by the microbiology laboratory. The VITEK 2 compact fully automatic analyzer was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing, and the WHONET5.6 software was utilized for statistical analysis.RESULTS:A total of 12062 bacterial strains of key monitoring significance were detected. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated widespread resistance to penicillin, but none of the strains were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid. Moreover, 219 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and 110 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were detected. Enterococcus faecalis showed moderate resistance to the third-generation quinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but its resistance to nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was low. Enterococcus faecium displayed significantly lower resistance to third- and fourth-generation quinolones than Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance of two key monitoring strains, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, to piperacillin/tazobactam was 5%-8%. However, none of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem. The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to piperacillin/sulbactam was nearly 90%. Nonetheless, the resistance to tigecycline was low, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated minimal resistance in the antibiotic sensitivity test, maintaining a resistance of < 10% to the cephalosporin antibiotics cefotetan and cefoperazone over the last 6 years. The resistance to amikacin remained at 0.2% over the past 3 years.CONCLUSION:Our hospital's overall antibiotic resistance rate was relatively stable from 2017 to 2022. The detection rates of key monitoring strains are reported quarterly and their resistance dynamics are monitored and communicated to the entire hospital, which can guide clinical antibiotic selection.

Objectives To investigate the expression and significance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the mucosal tissues and peripheral blood of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Eighty patients with UC were recruited from January 2021 to August 2022 from the Shanxi Province People’s Hospital. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in mucosal tissues. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in peripheral blood serum, and the membrane-bound forms of PD-1 (mPD-1), (T-helper cell) Th1 and Th17, in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Result PD-1 expression was observed only in the monocytes of the mucosal lamina propria of UC patients, while PD-L1 was mainly located in both epithelial cells and monocytes on the cell membrane. The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 in the monocytes and epithelial cells of mucosal lamina propria increased with disease activity (P < 0.05). The percentages of PD-1/T and PD-1/CD4+T in the peripheral blood of moderate UC patients (PD-1/T 12.83 ± 6.15% and PD-1/CD4+T 19.67 ± 9.95%) and severe UC patients (PD-1/T 14.29 ± 5.71% and PD-1/CD4+T 21.63 ± 11.44%) were higher than in mild UC patients (PD-1/T 8.17 ± 2.80% and PD-1/CD4+T 12.44 ± 4.73%; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in PD-1/CD8+T cells between mild and severe UC patients (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the expression level of sPD-L1 between the UC groups and healthy controls, and the expression level of sPD-L1 increased with disease severity (P < 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in sPD-1 expression levels between the UC groups and healthy controls (P > 0.05). The correlation coefficients between Th1 and sPD-L1, PD-1/T, PD-1/CD4+T and PD-1/CD8+T were 0.427, 0.589, 0.486, and 0.329, respectively (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficients between Th17 and sPD-L1, PD-1/T, PD-1/CD4+T and PD-1/CD8+T were 0.323, 0.452, 0.320, and 0.250, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 was correlated with UC disease activity, and two forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 may be used as a potential marker for predicting UC and assessing disease progression in UC patients. PD-1/PD-L1 imbalance was a significant phenomenon of UC immune dysfunction. Future research should focus on two forms of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling molecules to better understand the pathogenesis of UC and to identify potential drug therapies.

Objectives: To investigate the expression and significance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the mucosal tissues and peripheral blood of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods: Eighty patients with UC were recruited from January 2021 to August 2022 from the Shanxi Province People's Hospital.PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in mucosal tissues.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in peripheral blood serum, and the membrane-bound forms of PD-1 (mPD-1), (T-helper cell) Th1 and Th17, inperipheralbloodweredetermined byflow cytometry.Result: PD-1 expression was observed only in the monocytes of the mucosal lamina propria of UC patients, whilePD-L1was mainly located in both epithelial cells and monocytes on the cell membrane.The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 in the monocytes and epithelial cells of mucosal lamina propria increased with disease activity (p<0.05).The percentages of PD-1/T and PD-1/CD4+T in theperipheralblood of moderate UC patients (PD-1/T 12.83±6.15%and PD-1/CD4+T 19.67±9.95%)and severe UC patients (PD-1/T 14.29±5.71%and PD-1/CD4+T 21.63±11.44%)were higher than in mild UC patients (PD-1/T 8.17±2.80%and PD-1/CD4+T 12.44±4.73%;p<0.05).There were no significant differences in PD-1/CD8+T cells between mild and severe UC patients (P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the expression level ofsPD-L1 between the UC groups and healthy controls, and the expression level of sPD-L1 increased with disease severity (p<0.05),however, there was no statistically significant difference in sPD-1 expression levels between the UC groups and healthy controls (p>0.05).The correlation coefficients between Th1 and sPD-L1, PD-1/T, PD-1/CD4+T and PD-1/CD8+T were 0.427, 0.589, 0.486, and 0.329, respectively (p<0.001).The correlation coefficients between Th17 and sPD-L1, PD-1/T, PD-1/CD4+T and PD-1/CD8+T were 0.323, 0.452, 0.320, and

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中突触核蛋白-γ(Synuclein-γ,SNCG)的表达及临床病理意义.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测126例结直肠癌组织、癌旁组织和远端正常组织中SNCG的表达,应用单因素、多因素对SNCG表达与临床病理特征的相关性及危险因素进行分析.结果 结直肠癌组织中SNCG的阳性率(65.1％,82/126)高于癌旁组织(0,0/126)及远端正常组织(0,0/126)(P<0.05);SNCG表达与结直肠癌病理类型、血管内癌栓、侵犯深度、肿瘤分期和分级具有相关性(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,SNCG表达与黏液腺癌、血管内存在癌栓、TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期以及HER-2阳性具有相关性(P<0.05).结论 SNCG在结直肠癌中高表达,其对于预测结直肠癌患者病情的恶变程度和治疗预后等具有较广的临床应用价值.

目的 分析血流感染中大肠埃希菌的药物敏感性、耐药基因分布及菌株间的同源性特征,为控制医院内感染,指导临床合理用药提供依据.方法 连续收集2019年10月至2020年9月山西省人民医院住院患者血培养中的大肠埃希菌,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱仪进行菌种鉴定,用VITEK-2进行药敏试验,PCR方法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因,采用多位点序列分型(Multilocus Sequence Typing,MLST)对菌株进行同源性分析.结果 76株大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,达到90.7％,其次是环丙沙星、头孢唑林、左氧氟沙星和头孢曲松,耐药率分别为69.7％、65.7％、63.1％和56.5％.对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、厄他培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星和替加环素全部敏感.产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的检出率为56.5％.共检出blaTEM,blaCTX-M和blaOXA-1 3种ESBLs基因,其中blaCTX-M为主要基因型.最常见的ST型为ST131(19.7％,15/76)、ST69(15.7％,12/76)和ST38(7.8％,6/76).结论 本院大肠埃希菌对大多数常用抗生素具有耐药性,治疗大肠埃希菌引起的血流感染,可经验性选择碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星和替加环素.我院主要流行的ESBLs基因型为blaCTX-M型,同源性分析表明,菌株间存在遗传多样性.

Objective:To explore the application value of urine γ-synuclein (SNCG) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.Methods:A total of urine samples from 129 patients with bladder cancer (malignant lesion group), 157 patients with urinary system benign lesions (benign lesion group), and 177 healthy people (the healthy control group) from January 2017 to April 2020 in the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University and Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were collected. The concentration of SNCG in the collected urine was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.Results:The urine SNCG concentration in malignant lesion group [4.28 ng/ml (0.53-8.79 ng/ml)] was higher than that in healthy controls [1.44 ng/ml (0.56-3.51) ng/ml, H = 122.9, P < 0.01] and benign lesion group [1.97 ng/ml (0.51-5.87) ng/ml, H = 88.2, P < 0.01], and the concentration of urine SNCG in benign lesion group was higher than that in healthy controls ( H = 17.1, P < 0.01). ROC area under the curve (AUC) of urine SNCG in differentiating benign lesion group from healthy controls was 0.871(95% CI 0.819-0.923, P < 0.01), the best cut-off value was 2.79 ng/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 0.798 and 0. 977, respectively. AUC of urine SNCG in differentiating malignant lesion group from benign lesion group was 0.823(95% CI 0.769-0.877, P < 0.01), the best cut-off value was 3.54 ng/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 0.713 and 0.917, respectively. AUC of urine SNCG in differentiating malignant lesion group from healthy controls plus benign lesion group was 0.848 (95% CI 0.797-0.899, P < 0.01), the best cut-off value was 2.87 ng/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 0.791 and 0.901, respectively. Conclusions:The concentration of SNCG in urine of patients with bladder cancer is higher than that of patients with benign urinary lesions and healthy people. Urine SNCG has a good application value in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES:We carried out a retrospective study to investigate the drug susceptibility and genetic relationship of clinical Escherichia coli isolates from patients with BSIs in Shanxi, China.METHODS:E. coli isolates causing BSIs were consecutively collected from June 2019 to March 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method. PCR was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), phylogenetic groups and seven housekeeping genes of E. coli.RESULTS:A total of 76 E. coli were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the top six E. coli resistant antibiotics were ampicillin (90.7%), ciprofloxacin (69.7%), cefazolin (65.7%), levofloxacin (63.1%), ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (56.5%). Among the 76 isolates, 43 produced ESBLs. Molecular analysis showed that CTX-M-14 was the most common ESBLs, followed by CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-55. Phylogenetic group D (42.2%) predominated, followed by group B2 (34.2%), group A (18.4%) and group B1 (5.2%). The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST131 (15/76), ST69 (12/76) and ST38 (6/76).CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first to report the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of E. coli isolated from BSIs in Shanxi, China. Our results indicated a high prevalence of MDR in E. coli strains isolated from BSIs and a serious spread of ESBL genes in Shanxi, especially the epidemiological bla CTX-M. Phylogenetic analysis indicated genetic diversity among E. coli BSIs isolates.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) single and multiple infections in different cervical lesions, and to analyze the distribution of HPV types in patients with single infection and the change of viral load before and after treatment.Methods:A total of 4 783 HPV-DNA-positive cases who were detected by cervical exfoliated cells HPV-DNA testing from May 2017 to March 2019 in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, of which 3 728 cases met the criteria and were included in this study. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine HPV genotype and viral load, and liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) test and colposcopic histopathological diagnosis were performed. According to the histopathological results, the patients were divided into chronic cervicitis+cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group.Results:A total of 3 364 cases had HPV single infection, of which chronic cervicitis+CIN Ⅰ accounted for 78.27% (2 633/3 364), CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ accounted for 18.73% (630/3 364), and cervical cancer accounted for 3.00% (101/3 364); 364 cases had HPV multiple infections, of which chronic cervicitis+CIN Ⅰ accounted for 51.65% (188/364), CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ accounted for 42.58% (155/364), and cervical cancer accounted for 5.77% (21/364). The difference in the proportion of cervical lesions with different pathological grades in HPV single infection and multiple infections was statistically significant ( χ2 = 127.21, P < 0.01). The top four HPV single infection genotypes in chronic cervicitis+CINⅠ group and CINⅡ+CINⅢ group were type 16, 52, 58 and 53, and their proportions were 17.05% (449/2 633), 12.91% (340/2 633), 9.08% (239/2 633) and 8.89% (234/2 633) in chronic cervicitis+CINⅠ group, and 32.22% (203/630), 10.32% (65/630), 8.41% (53/630) and 5.87% (37/630) in CINⅡ+CINⅢ group. In the cervical cancer group, the top two HPV single infection genotypes were type 16 and 18, and their proportions were 81.19% (82/101) and 6.93% (7/101). The viral load of 120 patients with HPV infection was 4.89±1.14 before treatment and 2.86±1.63 after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 13.260, P < 0.01). Conclusions:HPV multiple infections are more likely to aggravate the degree of cervical lesions than single infection. Common HPV infection subtypes in different cervical lesions include type 16, 52, 58, 53 and 18.

目的:探讨单一型别人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染时，HPV病毒载量与宫颈病理级别程度的关系。方法:回顾性收集2017年5月至2019年3月在山西省人民医院进行宫颈脱落细胞HPV-DNA检测的单一型别HPV阳性者3 450例，其中3 364例符合标准入选本研究，均通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了HPV基因型病毒载量，并同时进行了液基薄层细胞学(TCT)检查和阴道镜下组织病理学诊断，按组织病理结果，将患者分为慢性宫颈炎/子宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ组、CINⅡ/CINⅢ组、宫颈癌组。结果:(1)HPV16、18型感染时，不同宫颈病理级别间病毒载量差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)，且病毒载量与宫颈病理级别呈正相关( P<0.05)。(2)HPV31、33、51、52、53、58型感染时，慢性宫颈炎/CINⅠ与CINⅡ/CINⅢ之间病毒载量差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)，且病毒载量与宫颈病理级别呈正相关( P<0.05)。(3)其他型别HPV感染时，不同宫颈病理级别间病毒载量差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论:HPV病毒载量与宫颈病理级别程度具有型别依赖性。

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of most common cardiovascular diseases, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the risk factors for severe myocardial injury and dysfunction, even leading to high mortality of myocardial infarction. Liraglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, has been reported to reduce cardiac rupture and infarct size and improve cardiac function in normal and diabetic rodents, however, the mechanisms of liraglutide on cardiomyocytes is not clear. The current research was designed to investigate the hypothesis that liraglutide would protect cardiomyocytes through regulating homer1 expression under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition. The results of the present study indicated liraglutide reduced hypoxia-reoxygenation induced cell death and attenuated intracellular calcium overload in H9C2 cardiomyocytes under H/R condition. Moreover, liraglutide significantly increased the Homer1 protein expression, and this protection might be related to Homer1-dependent regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis. Taken together, liraglutide protects H9C2 cell against H/R induced cell injury, and this protective effect may inhibit intracellular calcium overload to some extent, through Homer1-dependent regulation of ER calcium homeostasis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single/multiple HPV infections and cervical lesions, and the correlation between viral load and the degree of cervical lesions. Methods A total of 27 284 patients who underwent testing for HPV were retrospectively screened and 3728 women were enrolled who tested positive for HPV when examined by liquid-based ThinPrep cervical smear cytology test and diagnosed by histopathology at the Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital between May 2017 and March 2019. The genotype and viral load of HPV were determined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Based on the pathological grade, the cervical lesions were stratified into three groups: chronic cervicitis/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I; CIN II/CIN III; and cervical cancer. Results There were significant intergroup differences in the distribution of single and multiple HPV infections. There was a positive correlation between the viral load and cervical pathological grade when the infections were caused by HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 51, 52, 53, and 58. Conclusion Multi-type HPV infections are more likely to aggravate the degree of cervical lesions than single-type infections. The HPV type-dependent viral load is associated with the cervical pathological grade.

Objective: To investigate Notch receptor expression in CD8(+) T cells in patients with prostate cancer, and to assess the influence of Notch signaling pathway on the function of CD8(+)T cells inpatients with prostate cancer. Methods: Forty-five patients with prostate cancer, forty-one patients with nonbacterial prostatitis, and thirty healthy controls who were hospitalized or followed-up in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital between November 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled. CD8(+)T cells were purified, and mRNA relative levels of Notch1-4 were semi-quantified by reverse transcriptional real-time PCR. CD8(+)T cells were stimulated with Notch signaling inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). mRNA relative levels of perforin, granzyme B, and FasL were semi-quantified by reverse transcriptional real-time PCR. Percentages of PD-1 and CTLA-4 positive cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Direct contact and indirect contact coculture systems were set up between CD8(+)T cells and prostate cancer cell line LAPC4 cells. The influence of Notch signaling inhibition to CD8(+)T cell cytotoxicitywas assessed by measuringtarget cell death and cytokine secretion. One-Way ANOVA, LSD-t test, and paired t test was used for comparison. Results: mRNA relative levels of Notch1~4 were elevated in CD8(+)T cells from prostate cancer patients when compared with those from healthy controls and nonbacterial prostatitis patients (all P<0.05). There was CD8(+)T cell exhaustion in prostate cancer patients, which presented as decreased mRNA relative levels of perforin, granzyme B, and FasL (all P<0.000 1), as well as increased percentage of PD-1(+)CD8(+) (19.3%±5.4%) and CTLA-4(+)CD8(+)(11.7%±3.9%) cells. CD8(+)T cells from prostate cancer patients induced LAPC cell death was downregulated in direct contact coculture system (28.8%±6.4% vs 37.2%±2.6%, P=0.015). IFN-γsecretion was also reduced ((61.7±10.6)ng/L vs (88.6±20.2)ng/L, P=0.003 2). Inhibition of Notch signaling by GSI increased mRNA of perforin, granzyme B, and FasL in CD8(+)T cells from prostate cancer patients (all P<0.01), while reduced percentage of PD-1(+)CD8(+)(12.6%±2.5% vs 17.4%±4.7%, P=0.005 9) and CTLA-4(+)CD8(+) (12.0%±1.0% vs 14.1%±3.1%, P=0.011)cells. Notch signaling inhibition promoted LAPC4 cell death (34.3%±7.2%, P=0.000 2) which induced by prostate cancer derived CD8(+)T cells, and increased IFN-γ production ((88.4±33.6)ng/L, P=0.008 3). Conclusion: Elevated Notch receptors induced CD8(+)T cells exhaustion in prostate cancer patients.

Xiangrong Cui 1 Hongping Liang Chonghua Hao Xuan Jing 1Reproductive Medicine Center, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China Background: Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffold protein that regulates the structure and function of excitatory synaptic as well as its intracellular signal transduction. However, the role of Homer1 in colorectal cancer as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the alternations of gene expression during colorectal cancer, Homer1 expression was analyzed using the gene expression profiling interactive analysis and Oncomine analyses. The prognostic value of Homer1 expression was validated by our own colorectal cancer specimens using RT-PCR. Then, the cell viability, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results: We obtained the following important results. (1) Homer1 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than normal samples. (2) Among patients with colorectal cancer, those with higher Homer1 expression had a lower survival rate. (3) The major mutation type of Homer1 in colorectal cancer samples was missense mutation. (4) Homer1 was able to promote colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating G3BP1 in vitro. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Homer1 may play a role in malignancy of colorectal cancer mainly through the G3BP1 signaling pathway, which might be a potential indicator of poor prognosis.

Objective We here evaluated the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaginal infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods A total of 4,449 women were enrolled in this study and given gynecological examinations. HPV genotyping and viral load determination were performed using a real-time PCR. Vaginal infections were diagnosed using wet mounts of vaginal secretions, gram-stained vaginal secretion smears, and chemical enzyme kits. Results In this study, the overall HPV-positive rate was 25.06%, and vaginal infection tended to occur in women with HPV infection (P < 0.05). HPV infection tended to occur in BV- and TV-positive women (P < 0.05) and not in women with microecological disorders, intermediate type BV, VVC, or coinfection (P > 0.05). The most common genotypes were HPV58 and HPV53 in women with normal vaginal microecology and HPV16 and HPV52 in the women suffering from vaginal infection. The viral loads among groups for HPV16 and HPV52 showed no statistically significant differences (P=0.940; P=0.167). Conclusions Our study revealed that BV and TV are associated with HPV infection, especially high-risk HPV infection, while VVC has no association with HPV infection. Further studies are needed to explore the detailed mechanism.

Background: Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffold protein that regulates the structure and function of excitatory synaptic as well as its intracellular signal transduction. However, the role of Homer1 in colorectal cancer as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the alternations of gene expression during colorectal cancer, Homer1 expression was analyzed using the gene expression profiling interactive analysis and Oncomine analyses. The prognostic value of Homer1 expression was validated by our own colorectal cancer specimens using RT-PCR. Then, the cell viability, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results: We obtained the following important results. (1) Homer1 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than normal samples. (2) Among patients with colorectal cancer, those with higher Homer1 expression had a lower survival rate. (3) The major mutation type of Homer1 in colorectal cancer samples was missense mutation. (4) Homer1 was able to promote colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating G3BP1 in vitro. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Homer1 may play a role in malignancy of colorectal cancer mainly through the G3BP1 signaling pathway, which might be a potential indicator of poor prognosis.