The resumption of design and survey work for the construction of the Krapivinsky Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Tom River has necessitated the assessment of the current state of its fish resources and called for making the prediction of their transformation in the event of the hydroelectric complex being put into operation. In the early 20th century, the Tom River was classified as a salmonid habitat. At that time, such valuable commercial species as the Siberian taimen Hucho taimen, blunt-snouted lenok Brachymystax tumensis , tugun Coregonus tugun, humpback whitefish Coregonus pidschian, Nickolsky’s grayling Thymallus nikolskyi , nelma Stenodus leucichthys nelma, muksun Coregonus muksun, and peled Coregonus peled were permanent residents. Sturgeons, such as the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, were also abundant. Currently, out of these species, grayling, occasionally taimen and lenok are caught in the Tom River; the common roach Rutilus rutilus , European perch Perca fluviatilis, Siberian dace Leuciscus baicalensis and Eurasian ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus comprise 95 % of all fish caught. If construction of the Krapivinsky Reservoir on the Tom River is completed and it is put into operation, a deep-water, slow-flowing “lake-type” water body will be created. The river bed will be blocked, so semi-anadromous fish species, many of which are listed in the Red Data Book-such as Siberian sturgeon, sterlet and nelma,-will disappear. A decrease in the abundance of grayling, taimen and lenok, already low in number, should also be expected. These fish species winter in the pits, some of them migrate to the Ob River, so, after passing the spillway, they will not be able to return upstream to the spawning grounds. The abundance of lake and lake-river species is expected to increase, among them the common roach, dace Leuciscus leuciscus , European perch, Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (introduced locally, subsequently self-dispersed), as well as common bleak Alburnus alburnus and sunbleak Leucaspius delineates (accidental invaders). In the future, it is possible to make an attempt to introduce peled to the upper basin of the Krapivinsky Reservoir. There is a prospective threat of the Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii spreading in the upcoming reservoir, which can severely undermine its fish stocks.
The restoration of natural communities on anthropogenically disturbed lands is one of the world's problems. Our studies in Kuzbass show that even after 35-40 years, areas reclaimed in different ways do not create full-fledged conditions for mammals, inhabitants of the dark coniferous taiga forests. In all studied areas, the indices of the abundance and species richness in mammalian communities are significantly inferior to the original taiga communities. The similarity with indigenous communities of mammals was found in pine plantations adjacent to self-growing deforested areas of the dark coniferous taiga. These habitats are characterized by the highest indices of abundance and species richness among the studied sites. The most impoverished in terms of the species richness of small mammals and their number were terraced areas with a very insignificant soil layer, reclaimed by the European white birch Betula pendula Roth. and sea-buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides L. The communities of small mammals that have formed here show a faunistic similarity with the population of dry meadows on the place of the felled dark coniferous taiga, but not with the indigenous taiga population. Large and medium-sized mammals in reclaimed areas are few or absent altogether. The reclamation methods should involve the formation of forage and protective functions for forest dwellers. During reclamation, it is necessary to abandon mono-plantings. To create vital conditions, it is necessary to mosaic planting of various groups of plants with the obligatory alternation of coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest areas. The share of various shrubs is about 50%. Since animals are concentrated in ecotone areas, when carrying out forest reclamation, it is necessary to provide for the formation of an extended forest edge line, that is, to lay "forest glades" surrounded on all sides by woody plants and shrubs.
We studied the dynamics of mouse-like rodent communities in the area of self-growing vegetation, which had undergone deforestation. The research is based on the results of continuous monitoring conducted from 1978 to 2019. Pitfall traps was the method of catching small mammals during the monitoring period. We used Simpson’s Diversity Index to quantify species diversity. The community similarity was evaluated by the percentage of species through Czekanowski-Sørensen Index. The studies were carried out near the “Azhendarovo” Biological Station (54°45ʹ N, 87°01ʹ E). The results of the studies showed that natural primeval communities of the taiga zone before deforestation were characterized by a multidominant structure. The dominant group included the Alexandromys oeconomus Pallas, 1776, and codominant species are represented by the genus Clethrionomys. A characteristic feature of the small mammals’ population of taiga forests is the preponderance of the Apodemus peninsulae (Thomas, 1907) over the Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771. On meadowlands, the genus Microtus voles prevailed. These were largely the Al. oeconomus, which accounted for 43% of all mouse-like rodents. After the deforestation, the structure changed. In the early stage of deforestation, the dominant species among rodents was the Al. oeconomus. The composition of dominant species in the recovering areas of cut-down taiga began to approach to the original state 40 years after the deforestation. Meadow communities followed the path of transformation, having no analogs in the initial period and were characterized by a significant amount of ruderal vegetation.
In the course of complex ecological and faunistic field studies in the Kemerovo region in 2019, the distribution pattern of Haemaphysalis concinna C.L. Koch, 1844 tick was clarified.Near the Shestakovo Village (55°53' N, 87°57' E), 488 specimens of this species were collected.This is the most northern habitat of this species from reliably known ones, located more than 170 km from the previously known northern boundary of the distribution.Even more northern finds of this species are sporadic and are probably related to the transfer of single specimens by birds.The new habitat discovery required a reassessment of all information regarding distribution and hosts of this species in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain area.The article describes H. concinna distribution within the region.Since the vast majority of larvae and nymphs near the Shestakovo Village were found on bluethroats Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus, 1758), the possible mechanism of such H. concinna populations formation and the role of birds in tick distribution are considered in the work.
The article presents data on the fauna and ecology of earthworms in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain area. The paper describes the current condition and activities of the conservation of the two rare endemic species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation – Eisenia salairica and Eisenia malevici. The characteristics of their habitats are given. Data on molecular genetic analysis of Eisenia salairica are presented.
Summarized results of our own studies and analysis of the literature data on the distribution and some biological features of ixodid ticks in the territory of Kuznetsk-Salair mountain area are presented in the paper. Groups of the most abundant tick species dangerous in epidemiological respect are described. Changes in domination of Ixodes pavlovskyi and I. persulcatus in different territories are revealed. Data on the main hosts of ticks of the family Ixodidae in the region are given.
В статье представлены обобщенные результаты собственных исследований и анализ литературных источников по распространению и некоторым особенностям биологии различных видов иксодовых клещей на территории Кузнецко-Салаирской горной области. Выделены группы наиболее многочисленных видов клещей, представляющих эпидемиологическую угрозу. Установлено изменение доминирования Ixodes pavlovskyi и I. persulcatus на разных территориях. Приведены сведения об основных прокормителях клещей сем. Ixodidae в регионе.
The paper presents the new data on the results of monitoring the rare species of invertebrate animals (earthworms and insects) included in the Red Book of Kemerovo region. Researches were conducted for the realization of the public state on maintaining the Red Book of Kemerovo region in 2014 and 2015.
In the structure of the population of earthworms the following specieswere revealed: Eisenia nordenskioldi (Eisen, 1879), Allolobophora parva (Eisen, 1874), and Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister, 1843). The first species is widespread, it was found in all the investigated habitats. The range of deviation (R) was 42 to 6 specimen per 1 m2. The coefficient of variation in number of the studied population of lumbricids in all the ecotopes was 33,5 %. The animals were discovered to have a strong reaction to soil pollution with oil products and to sharp change in humidity (R = 0,88 ± 0,13 and R = 0,85 ± 0,13) by means of active vertical migration to more optimal habitats.
In the structure of the population of earthworms the following specieswere revealed: Eisenia nordenskioldi (Eisen, 1879), Allolobophora parva (Eisen, 1874), and Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister, 1843). The first species is widespread, it was found in all the investigated habitats. The range of deviation (R) was 42 to 6 specimen per 1 m 2. The coefficient of variation in number of the studied population of lumbricids in all the ecotopes was 33,5 %. The animals were discovered to have a strong reaction to soil pollution with oil products and to sharp change in humidity (R = 0,88 ± 0,13 and R = 0,85 ± 0,13) by means of active vertical migration to more optimal habitats.