Abstract In this study, the biochemical parameters and physico-chemical reactions of the body in experimental hypoxia, using a Sprague Dawley Rat Model. Hypoxia changed the dynamics and biochemical parameters of blood and lymph, as well as urine. During hypoxia, there was a change in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Hypoxic training was conducted in a hypoxic animal chamber for 15 days and 30 days for 40 minutes every day. Physical and chemical parameters of blood, lymph and its morphological composition were studied on a hematological analyser, oxygen tension and pH of blood and lymph on an OPTI CCA-TS2 Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyser. The value of osmotic pressure in the lymph changed slightly from 280.22 ± 2.07 to 293.3±3.1 and 285.6 ± 2.8 mOsm/l, respectively, 15 and 30 days of hypoxia. Urine osmotic pressure decreased by 15.1-10.4%, respectively, compared to the control group. After 15 and 30 days of hypoxia, ion exchange in the blood plasma showed a decrease in the concentration of K+, Cl- ions and an increase in the concentration of Na+ ions in the blood plasma and lymph. Ca2+ concentrations decreased in blood plasma and increased in lymph and urine. The analysis of the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes showed its decrease. Lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes showed a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates by 52.2% and 69.6%, as well as a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 32% and 29.7%. Hypoxia leads to a decrease in erythrocyte resistance and lipid peroxidation in experimental animals. Shifts in pH on the side of acidosis and disturbances in physico-chemical properties in the blood and lymph were detected. As a result of developing hypoxia in the body, structural and functional rearrangements occur in the whole blood of experimental animals.

Проблема панкреатита является одной из важнейших проблем современной медицины. Лимфатическая система, являясь неотъемлемой составной частью сердечно-сосудистой системы, вовлекается в патологический процесс. В основе клинической симптоматики острого панкреатита лежит целый ряд патофизиологических изменений, среди которых важную роль играет повреждение сосудистого эндотелия, что приводит к эндотелиальной дисфункции. В литературе недостаточно сведений о влиянии острого панкреатита на функции лимфатической системы, в частности на функциональное состояние лимфатических сосудов, также не изучены с этих позиций и методы коррекции с применением сорбентов растительного происхождения, что делает данное исследование актуальным. Цель. Изучить сократительную активность лимфатических сосудов у крыс при экспериментальном остром панкреатите и коррекция функций эндотелия с помощью растительного сорбента на основе лигнина. Методы исследования. Эксперименты были выполнены на крысах линии Вистар с использованием: установки для регистрации сократительной активности изолированных сосудов, состоящей из термостатической камеры, механотрона и регистрирующего прибора (механотрон 6Мх1Б, 6Мх2Б), биохимического анализатора GOBOSINTEGRA 400 и реографа «РЕО-Мицар». Результаты. При остром панкреатите подавлялась сократительная активность изолированных лимфатических сосудов, вследствие угнетения адренорецепторов, находящихся в эндотелиальном слое. Применение сорбента лигнина восстанавливало сократительную функцию лимфатических сосудов посредством восстановления эндотелия, предположительно предотвращая инактивацию оксида азота. Действие сорбента нормализовало частотно-амплитудную характеристику сократительных ответов лимфатических сосудов у крыс, вследствие чего может улучшаться лимфообращение. Выводы. При остром панкреатите и вследствие возникающей эндотелиальной дисфункции использование сорбента на основе лигнина эффективно и рентабельно. Сорбент целесообразно применять в комплексе с терапевтическими методами для лечения патологических состояний организма, в частности острого панкреатита. Introduction. The problem of pancreatitis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine. The lymphatic system, being an integral part of the cardiovascular system, is involved in the pathological process. The clinical symptoms of acute pancreatitis are based on a number of pathophysiological changes, among which damage to the vascular endothelium plays an important role, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. There is insufficient information in the literature about the effect of acute pancreatitis on the functions of the lymphatic system, in particular on the functional state of the lymphatic vessels, and correction methods using sorbents of plant origin have not been studied from this point of view, which makes this study relevant. Aim. To study the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels in rats with acute pancreatitis and the correction of endothelial functions using a lignin-based plant sorbent. Research methods. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats using: an installation for recording the contractile activity of isolated vessels, consisting of a thermostatic chamber, a mechanotron and a recording device (mechanotron 6Mx1B, 6Mx2B), a GOBOS INTEGRA 400 biochemical analyzer and a REO-Mizar rheography. Results. In acute pancreatitis, the contractile activity of isolated lymphatic vessels was suppressed due to inhibition of endothelial adrenergic receptors located in the endothelial layer. Application of lignin sorbent restored the contractile function of lymphatic vessels through endothelial restoration, presumably preventing nitric oxide inactivation. The action of the sorbent normalized the frequency-amplitude characteristics of contractile responses of lymphatic vessels in rats, as a result of which lymph circulation may improve. Conclusions. In acute pancreatitis and as a result of emerging endothelial dysfunction, the use of lignin-based sorbent is effective and cost-effective. It is advisable to use the sorbent in combination with therapeutic methods for the treatment of pathological conditions of the body, in particular acute pancreatitis. Кіріспе. Панкреатит проблемасы қазіргі заманғы медицинаның маңызды мәселелерінің бірі болып табылады. Лимфа жүйес іжүрек-қантамыр жүйесінің құрамдас бөлігі бола отырып, патологиялық процеске қатысады. Жедел панкреатиттің клиникалық симптомдары бір қатар патофизиологиялық өзгерістерге негізделген, олардың арасында эндотелий дисфункциясына әкелетін тамырлы эндотелийдің зақымдалуы маңызды рөл атқарады. Жедел панкреатиттің лимфа жүйесінің функцияларына, атап айтқанда лимфа тамырларының функционалдық жағдайына әсері туралы әдебиеттер де жеткіліксіз ақпарат бар және өсімдіктектес сорбенттерді қолдану арқылы түзету әдістері осы тұрғыдан зерттелмеген, бұл зерттеуді өзектіетеді. Мақсаты. Жедел панкреатит пен ауыратын егеуқұйрықтардағы лимфа тамырларының жиырылу белсенділігін зерттеу және лигнин негізіндегі өсімдік сорбенті арқылы эндотелий функцияларын түзету. Зерттеу әдістері. Эксперименттер Вистар егеуқұйрықтарында жүргізілді. Зерттеу барысында оқшауланған тамырлардың жиырылу белсенділігін тіркеуге арналған қондырғы, биохимиялық анализатор GOBOS INTEGRA 400 және «РЕО-Мицар» реографы пайдаланды. Нәтижелер. Жедел панкреатитте оқшауланған лимфа тамырларының жиырылу белсенділігі эндотелий қабатында орналасқан эндотелиальды адренергиялық рецепторлардың тежелуіне байланысты басылды. Лигнин сорбентін қолдану эндотелийді қалпына келтіру арқылы лимфа тамырларының жиырылу функциясын қалпына келтірді, нәтижесінде азот оксидінің инактивациясын болдырмауына әкелуі мүмкін. Сорбенттің әрекеті егеуқұйрықтардағы лимфа тамырларының жиырылу реакцияларының жиілік-амплитудалық сипаттамаларын қалыпқа келтірді, нәтижесінде лимфа айналымы жақсаруы мүмкін. Қорытындылар. Жедел панкреатитте және пайда болған эндотелий дисфункциясының нәтижесінде лигнин негізіндегі сорбентті қолдану тиімді және үнемді. Сорбентті дененің патологиялық жағдайларын, атап айтқанда, жедел панкреатитті емдеу үшін терапевті кәдістер мен бірге қолданған жөн.

To date, the integrative involvement of thyroid lymphatic region structures in providing tissue homeostasis in hypothyroidism and during rehabilitation remains a poorly understood problem. The use of phytotherapy is attractive for reducing the effects of hypothyroidism. This issue requires scientific justification during the rehabilitation phase.Material and methods. The work was performed on 160 white Wistar rats using light and electron microscopy according, data of morphometry and statistical matrix analysis. An adequate model of hypothyroidism was created by mercazolil administration. After the mercazolil withdrawal, we investigated the reversibility of thyroid and regional lymph node changes during the rehabilitation period (on 7, 14, 21 days) on the background of bioactive phytocomposition intake and without it. Phytocomposition from laminaria and medicinal plants of Siberia was used at a dose of 0.2 g/kg for three weeks after the cancellation of mercazolil.Results and discussion. The study showed a unidirectional change in thyroid and lymph node structure with a preferential decrease in indicators in hypothyroidism. The value of the total normalized index for the lymphatic region (lymphothyroostat) is negative during the recovery period without phytocorrection. The index has a negative value initially and up to 14 days and becomes positive only by the end of 21 days of the study reflecting the inertia of the structural response of organs. Phytotherapy provides high rationed index rates for lymphothyrostat. The index becomes positive starting at day 14. There is an intensification of compensatory and adaptive reactions at all levels of lymphothyrostat organization, starting with ultrastructural. The lymph node contributes significantly to the provision of homeostasis of the lymph region of the thyroid gland.Conclusions. Reorganization of the lymph node and thyroid gland is interconnected in hypothyroidism. The active role of the lymph node in providing tissue homeostasis in the lymph region of the thyroid is apparent. Thyroid and lymph node function can be enhanced by phytotherapy. Phytocomposition reduces the effects of hypothyroidism. It is a kind of modifier of thyroid and lymph node structure and function

Введение. В настоящее время наблюдается тенденция по разработке и внедрению в медицинскую практику принципов исследовательской и профилактической работы, в основе которой лежит интегральная оценка состояния иммунной системы с определением генетических особенностей населения и конкретного человека в частности, т.е. внедрение в практику технологий персонализированной медицины. Одними из общеизвестных и информативных методов по индикации здоровья и эффектов окружающей среды на человека является изучение цитогенетического и иммунологического статуса. Цель: изучение цитогенетического и иммунологического статуса жителей г.Алматы и Алматинской области по критерию образования хромосомных аберраций в лимфоцитах периферической крови и содержанию иммуноглобулинов в плазме у практически, здоровых людей в динамике за последние 15 лет. Материалы и методы. Проведено биохимическое и цитогенетическое обследование практически здоровых людей от 35 до 60 лет, проживающих в г. Алматы и Алматинской области в сравнительной динамике в течение 15 лет. У обследованных людей определяли уровень иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови, частоту и спектр хромосомных аберраций в лимфоцитах периферической крови. Результаты. Установлены различия содержания иммуноглобулинов в плазме у практически здоровых людей городской и сельской популяций Алматинского региона. Отмечены взаимосвязь их содержания в плазме от ряда факторов – от местности проживания, экологической обстановки района, возраста. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что анализ иммуноглобулинов и их интерпретация будет более информативна для более точной диагностики и прогнозу заболеваемости. Цитогенетическое обследование жителей г. Алматы показало, что частота хромосомных аберраций у алмаатинцев достоверно увеличилась за последние 15 лет и ее уровень достоверно выше, чем у лиц, проживающих в сельской местности. Выявлена взаимосвязь этих показателей. Показана необходимость проводить постоянный мониторинг иммунного и цитогенетического статуса населения в условиях увеличивающейся антропогенной нагрузки. Обсуждается вопрос о корректности выбора контрольных групп для эколого-генетических и иммунологический исследований и сравнения городских групп обследуемых с городскими или сельских с сельскими. Выводы. Выявлена негативная динамика цитогенетических и иммунологических показателей у практически здоровых людей за последние 15 лет, которая вероятно связана не только с ухудшением экологической ситуации, но и прошедшей коронавирусной пандемией. Introduction. At present, many countries are developing and implementing in practice the principles of research and preventive medicine based on the integral evaluation of the immune system and genetic features of the population. The study of cytogenetic and immunological status is one of the well-known and informative methods for the indication of health and environmental effects on humans. Objective: study of the cytogenetic and immunological status of residents of Almaty city and Almaty region according to the criteria of chromosome aberrations formation in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and the content of immunoglobulins in plasma in almost healthy people in the dynamics for the last 15 years. Materials and methods. In the comparative dynamics during 15 years biochemical and cytogenetic study of the almost healthy people aged 35 to 60 years living in Almaty and Almaty region has been conducted. They determined the level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum, the frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood. Results. Differences of the contents of immunoglobulins in the plasma of practically healthy people of urban and rural populations of Almaty region have been established. The correlation of their content in the plasma of a number of factors - the location of residence, the ecological situation of the area, age. The data obtained indicate that the analysis of immunoglobulins and their interpretation will be more informative for a more accurate diagnosis and prediction of morbidity. The cytogenetic study of the residents of Almaty city showed that the frequency of chromosome aberrations among the residents of Almaty city has reliably increased for the last 15 years and its level is higher than in people living in the countryside. The correlation of these indexes was revealed. The necessity of constant monitoring of the immune and cytogenetic status of the population under the increasing anthropogenic load is shown. It has been argued whether it is appropriate to compare the urban and rural population groups under research with the urban ones and to choose control groups 13 for the ecological genetic and immunologic studies. Conclusions. The last fifteen years have shown negative dynamics of cytogenetic and immunologic indexes in essentially healthy individuals, which was likely caused by the previous coronavirus pandemic as well as the deterioration of the ecological condition. Өзектілігі: Қазіргі уақытта көптеген елдерде иммундық жүйені және халықтың генетикалық ерекшеліктерін интегральды бағалау негізінде зерттеу және профилактикалық медицина принциптері әзәрленіп, олар тәжірибе жүзінде енгізілуде. Денсаулық пен қоршаған ортаның адамға әсерін көрсетудің белгілі және ақпараттық әдістерінің бірі-цитогенетикалық және иммунологиялық статусын зерттеу болып табылады. Мақсат: соңғы 15 жыл ішінде Алматы қаласы мен Алматы облысы тұрғындарының перифериялық қан лимфоциттерінде хромосомалық аберрациялардың түзілу критерийі және дені сау адамдарда плазмадағы иммуноглобулиндердің құрамы бойынша цитогенетикалық және иммунологиялық мәртебесін зерттеу. Зерттеу материалы және әдістері. Алматы қаласында және Алматы облысында тұратын 35 жастан 60 жасқа дейінгі дені сау адамдарға 15 жыл бойы салыстырмалы динамикада биохимиялық және цитогенетикалық тексеру жүргізілді. Зерттелген адамдарда қан сарысуындағы иммуноглобулиндердің деңгейі, перифериялық қан лимфоциттеріндегі хромосомалық аберрациялардың жиілігі мен спектрі анықталды. Нәтижесі. Алматы өңірінің қалалық және ауылдық популяцияларының дені сау адамдарында плазмадағы иммуноглобулиндердің құрамындағы айырмашылықтар анықталды. Олардың плазмадағы құрамының бірқатар факторлардан – тұрғылықты жерінен, ауданның экологиялық жағдайынан, жасына байланысы атап өтілді. Иммуноглобулиндерді талдау және оларды түсіндіру, ауруды дәлірек диагностикалау және болжау үшін ақпараттырақ болатынын алынған нәтижелермен дәлелденеді. Алматы қаласының тұрғындарын цитогенетикалық тексеру алматылықтарда хромосомалық аберрациялардың жиілігі соңғы 15 жылда сенімді түрде артқанын және оның деңгейі ауылдық жерлерде тұратын адамдарға қарағанда сенімді түрде жоғары екенін көрсетті. Осы көрсеткіштердің өзара байланысы анықталды. Жоғарлап жатқан антропогендік жүктеме жағдайында халықтың иммундық және цитогенетикалық жағдайына тұрақты мониторинг жүргізу қажеттілігі көрсетілген. Экологиялық-генетикалық және иммунологиялық зерттеулер үшін бақылау топтарын таңдаудың дұрыстығы және зерттелушілердің қалалық топтарды қалалықпен немесе ауылдық топтарды ауылдықпен салыстыру мәселесі талқыланады. Қорытынды. Соңғы 15 жылдағы дені сау адамдарда цитогенетикалық және иммунологиялық көрсеткіштердің теріс динамикасы анықталды, бұл экологиялық жағдайдың нашарлауымен ғана емес, сонымен бірге өткен коронавирустық пандемиямен де байланысты болуы мүмкін.

The effect of a new antibiotic peptomide A-70 on changes in the mesenterial lymph nodes caused by experimental peritonitis was studied. Differences in the morphological changes in rat lymph nodes in peritonitis and against the background of antibiotic therapy were revealed. Lymph nodes responded to peritoneal inflammation by reducing the area of cortical structures and expansion of the sinus system, which indicates a decrease in drainage-detoxification and immune function and determines unfavorable outcome of peritonitis. Antibiotic therapy reduced inflammatory manifestations and toxic pressure on the lymph system and potentiated the reactive response of the mesenteric lymph nodes: the size of lymphoid nodes and the paracortical T-dependent zone increased against the background of shrinkage of the sinus system, which attested to activation of the lymphopoietic function and immune response of lymph nodes in peritonitis. The observed changes attested to favorable prognosis of peritonitis treated with antibiotic peptomide A-70.

Background: The problem of aging remains relevant in the modern world, with a notable connection between aging and nutrition. It is important to find a way to slow down aging. Integration lymphology with functional food theory (or phytodietics) is the most promising idea. Detection of lymphotropic properties in bioactive food ingredients will increase the lymphatic system activity in aging. Our task is to improve the protective status of lymph nodes by taking a phytomineral product in aging. Objective: The research purpose is to provide evidence of the use of a plant-mineral complex to activate the lymph system (lymph nodes) in aging. Participants in the experiment are 160 Wistar rats divided into groups of old and young animals. Half of the aging animals took an additional food plant-mineral complex "IQdetoxSORB". The basis of the food complex is physiologically acting substances such as flavonoids, trace elements, food fibers, and others.Methods: Different methods have been applied to study systems forming components of lymph nodes. The system of lymph node compartments was examined by a histological method. The liquid component of the organ is evaluated by a thermogravimetric method. Lymph node trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation (RFA SR). The StatPlus Pro license program and statistical analysis of dynamic series were used to process digital data.Results: We first presented data on the effect of functional nutrition on the lymphatic system and proved the lymphotropic properties of the plant-mineral complex. The bioactive ingredients of the complex (flavonoids, trace elements, food fibers) are useful and influence the lymphatic system, improving health in old age. The increase in lymphatic system activity occurs through the implementation of a lymphosanation mechanism due to the stimulating and protective effects of plant ingredients. Intake of the phytomineral complex accelerates lymph flow, modifies lymph node compartments, and restores trace element balance. The positive effect depends on the formation of an association of bioelements with lymphoid compartments. A plant-based diet corrects and increases the protective status of lymph nodes. The result is a slowdown in age-induced changes in peripheral lymphoid organs. Conclusion: As an element of functional nutrition, the plant-mineral complex contains bioactive ingredients - flavonoids, trace elements, and food fibers. These bioactive substances alter the existing status of the lymphatic system, increasing protective potential. Increased activity of the lymph system (lymph nodes) is an argument for slowing aging and preventing age-associated pathology. The information presented is the basis for recommending plant-mineral complexes for wellness programs of anti-aging.Keywords:lymphatic system; lymph nodes; compartments; trace elements; gerontology, phytotherapy, nutriciology.

This paper provides data regarding the ratios of the functional structures of lymph nodes after inflammation in the abdominal organs. Lymph systems, including lymph nodes, function as filters of tissues and tissue fluids and are places of origin and lymphocyte production for normal physiological functions. They display specific morphological and functional responses in reaction to endogenous and exogenous substances. The morphological pattern of the mesenteric lymph node in experimental rat groups reflects a decrease in its immune function due to the processes of inflammation in the abdominal cavity. These processes work together with the associated organs and their involvement in the abdominal lymph nodes, in which there are discharges of the structure of the paracortical zone under conditions of reduced lymphogenic processes, according to the decrease in the size of the paracortex and the ratios of lymphoid nodes with and without germinal centers. Histological and morphometric analyses show changes in the mesenteric lymph node. These analyses are characterized by changes in the cortical and medullary substances, while the proportion of the cortical structure decreases. We also noted an increase in the number of macrophages in the lymphoid nodes and cerebral sinus, as well as a decrease in the number of mature plasmocytes, the paracortex, and the pulp strands. These changes indicate immunosuppressive effects on the lymph node. Under the conditions of inflammation, the formation of a mixed immune response occurs.

The article presents studies of the effect of fecal suspension by introducing into the abdominal cavity at the rate of 0.5 ml of a 10% solution per 100 g of animal body weight. The morpho-functional state and morphometric analyzes of the small intestine were studied in normal conditions and with inflammation of the abdominal organs by introducing fecal suspension. The results showed that inflammation of the abdominal organs led to significant changes in the wall of the small intestine, multiple hemorrhages and fibrin clots were found. In the intestine, there is a change and violation of the structures of the small intestine, the total thickness of the mucous membrane increases. Violation of goblet cells, villus height and crypt depth occur. Analysis of the study showed that the walls of the small intestine, revealed structural changes, mainly in the mucosa, submucosa and muscle membranes. The mean value of the mucosal thickness in the control group was 526.17±17.11 micrometer; submucous layer – 47.21±1.63 micrometer. Phenomena of edema, inflammatory infiltration, and separation of muscle fibers were noted in both layers of the muscular membrane. The average layer of thickness of the muscular membrane was 145.67±6.92 µm. Changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, at one time reflected in the structural changes in the villi-crypt of the small intestine. A violation of microcirculation in the tissues of the small intestine after the inflammatory process was revealed, which leads to aggravation of dystrophic and necrobiotic lesions of the overall state of the small intestine and is combined with the severity of the clinical picture in experimental animals.

Lymph nodes play an important role in the life of humans and animals. In the modern concept, the lymph nodes are the main homeostatic organs of the internal environment of the body, the lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic bed, on the other hand, they are the organs of the lymphoid (immune) system. Purpose: The work presents data on the morphofunctional state and microstructure of regional lymph nodes in experimental hypothyroidism and under correction. Materials and Methods: Experimental hypothyroidism in animals was induced by per os administration of mercazolil at a dose of 20 mg per 100 g of body weight with drinking water for 21 days. To correct thyroid disorders, starting from the 22nd day of the experiment, the animals received for 30 days an iodine-containing dietary supplement "Renaissance Plus" balm in powder at the rate of 2 μg/100 g of body weight and a decoction of the roots of the white cinquefoil (Potentilla alba L.) 50 ml per 100 g per day with drinking water. Results: The results of the study showed that in conditions of hypothyroidism, the lymph node becomes compacted with a decrease in the main structural and functional zones against the background of reduced lymphopoietic function. In the lymphoid nodule, there is a decrease of 1.43 times in the number of lymphoblasts, 1.56 times in the number of medium lymphocytes, 1.50 times in the number of small lymphocytes due to an increase of 1.29 times in the number of macrophages per unit area of the lymphoid nodule in the lymph node. There was a static decrease in the number of small lymphocytes in all structural and functional areas; the number of blasts decreases in the lymphoid nodule and increases in the paracortex and Billroth's strand; the number of macrophages increases in the lymphoid nodule, cerebral sinus, the number of mature plasma cells decreases in the paracortex and Billroth's strand, and there is also inhibition of cellular reactions in the lymph node, which reflects a decrease in the lymphopoietic function of immune activity and as a result of the immunosuppressive action of mercazolil. Conclusions: After an administration of corrigents, the area of the medulla and paracortex was restored to the control level and the ratio of cortical and medulla in the overall structure of the lymph node was leveled.

Lymph nodes are prioritized in protecting and ensuring endoecological safety at different periods of life, especially in retirement age. It destabilizes the structure and function of the lymphatic system and organs when aging increases the risk of comorbid conditions. This is a sign of age-related pathology. Improving lymph node function is an essential task in integrating gerontology and lymphology. The solution to this problem is possible with the help of a phytotherapeutic agent, which involves the evaluation of efficacy with effect on intranodular functional systems - compartments, hydration, and trace elements. Phytotherapy weakens (slows) the intensity of the old lymph node changes. Phytotherapy has a modifying effect on structures with increased hydration and trace element concentration. Phytotherapy prevents age-dependent changes in the lymph node and increases the reliability of lymph node operation in old age.

Isolation of pathogens of infectious diseases isolated from animals, their identification based on the study of biological properties, determination of antibiotic resistance is an urgent task. During of inflammation of the abdominal cavity on a biological system in vivo, cultures of microorganisms were isolated on laboratory rats killed for diagnostic purposes, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was studied. As a result of the studies, it was found that on the 2nd and 5th days after infection of rats with coprological exudate an inflammatory process developed in the abdominal cavity, characterized by a disorder of blood and lymph circulation in blood and lymphatic vessels, in capillaries and venules, edema, hemorrhages in internal organs and vessels, necrosis tissues (on the 5th day after infection). As a result of bacteriological examination of exudate from the abdominal cavity, exudate from the abdominal cavity and liver of experimental rats, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were isolated. Cultures were identified based on the study of cultural-morphological, tinctorial and biochemical properties. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from samples of biological material of rats. The sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics was studied. Knowledge of the etiology of infectious inflammation of the abdominal cavity of rats, the effect on pathogens of antibiotics of various groups, the correct selection of the drug contribute to the elimination of infection in the shortest possible time. Выделение возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний от животных, их идентификация на основе изучения биологических свойств, определение антибиотикорезистентности является актуальной задачей. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что на 2-е и 5-е сутки после инфицирования крыс копрологическим экссудатом в брюшную полость развивался воспалительный процесс, характеризующийся расстройством крово- и лимфообращения в кровеносных и лимфатических сосудах, в капиллярах и венулах, отеком, геморрагиями во внутренних органах и сосудах, некрозом тканей (на 5 сутки после заражения). В результате бактериологического исследования экссудата из брюшной полости и печени опытных крыс были выделены патогенные и условно патогенные микрорганизмы. Культуры идентифицировали на основе изучения культурально-морфологических, тинкториальных и биохимических свойств. Из проб биологического материала крыс выделены Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Изучена чувствительность выделенных микроорганизмов к антибиотикам. Знание этиологии инфекционного воспаления брюшной полости крыс, действие на возбудителей антибиотиков различных групп, правильный подбор препарата способствуют ликвидации инфекции в кратчайшие сроки.

We studied the effect of a new complex phytocomposition on age-related changes in the composition of biological fluids (blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid) in old (22-24-month-old) white Sprague-Dawley rats. A 3-month course of phytocomposition induced an increase in the volumes of interstitial fluid (IF) and plasma and stimulated lymph outflow and diuresis. In the blood and lymph, the clotting time increased, while the viscosity and all lipid indicators decreased. The phytocomposition increased the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, the levels of immunoglobulins (except IgG) and lymphocyte subpopulations, which contributed to correction and improvement of the immune properties of the blood and lymph. Increased hydration of the tissues of the body and strengthening of the anti-atherogenic and immune properties of the lymph and blood led to recovery of the drainage and detoxification function of the lymphatic system. Due to the presence of bioflavonoids, microelements, and vitamins, the new complex phytocomposition produces a lymphotropic effect by changing the composition of the blood, lymph, and IF and stimulates fluid transport from IF into the vascular bed, thereby promoting natural lymph detoxification and increasing the immune properties of the blood and lymph.

Thе pаpеr prеsеnts dаta on thе morphofunctionаl stаtе and microstructurе of thе thyroid glаnd in experimentаl hypothyroidism and under conditions of correction. Experiments were carried out on 45 linear SpraqueDawley (SD) male rats weighing 250±3 g in accordance with ethical standards. The research results showed in animals with experimental hypothyroidism, when using a bioactive composition consisting of Potentilla white and iodine-containing Balm “Renaissance plus” in powder, in the follicles of the thyroid gland there is the appearance of clusters (islets) of cells, indicating the regeneration of thyroid tissue. In the peripheral part of the thyroid gland, follicles with an intrafollicular colloid and blood capillaries of moderate blood filling are revealed. However, the interfollicular epithelium was not detected in this zone. After the application of the bioactive composition, the proliferation of the follicular epithelium persists with secretion into the lumеn of the folliclеоr in thе fоrm оf thе appеarancеоf pаpillаry outgrowths in the follicle wall. This reflects an increase in the number of actively functioning thyrocytes and is of a compensatory nature. In animals after correction, follicles containing different amounts of thyroglobulin are detected, restoration of the interfollicular structure is observed. The positive effect of the applied substances on the structurеs оf thе thyroid gland іn experimental hypothyroidism has been shown.

Проведенное исследование показало количественные характеристики циркуляции на эритроцитах и лейкоцитах белков и липидов в плазме крови лошадей Джабе. Их количество в плазме превышало в несколько раз содержание на мембране клеток крови. А иммуноглобулины IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD циркулируют в крови в основном на мембране клеток крови. Особенно большая диспропорция выявлена между плазмой и мембраной у иммуноглобулина IgD. Обратная зависимость наблюдается только у IgG. На основании проведенных исследований, получены данные - очень низкие значения иммуноглобулина D в плазме крови лошади. В смывах смеси эритроцитов и лейкоцитов выявлено наибольшее количество иммуноглобулина D. Это может свидетельствовать о том, что этот иммуноглобулин в значительной степени переносится на поверхности лейкоцитов и в основном представлен мембраносвязанной формой. Выявлено увеличение количества липидов и иммуноглобулинов на мембране старых эритроцитов. Установлено, что при различных физиологических состояниях организма наблюдаются изменения свойств адсорбционно-транспортной функции клеток крови. Это указывает на то, что различные факторы мобилизует адаптационные функции организма, включая звено, связанное с переносом важнейших веществ на поверхности эритроцитов. The study showed the quantitative characteristics of circulation on erythrocytes and leukocytes of proteins and lipids in the plasma blood of Jabe horses. Their plasma abundance exceeded several times the blood cell membrane. Immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD circulate in the blood mainly on the membrane of blood cells. A particularly large disproportion has been found between plasma and membrane in immunoglobulin IgD. The inverse is only observed in IgG. Based on the research conducted, the results are very low immunoglobulin D values in the plasma blood of a horse. The most abundance of immunoglobulin D has been found in the flushing of the mixture of erythrocytes and leukocytes. This may indicate that this immunoglobulin is largely transported on the surface of the leukocytes and is mainly represented by the membrane-bound form. An increase in the number of lipids and immunoglobulins on the membrane of old erythrocytes has been detected. It has been established that changes in the properties of the adsorption-transport function of blood cells are observed at different physiological states of the organism. This indicates that various factors mobilize the adaptive functions of the organism, including the link associated with the transport of critical substances on the surfaces of red blood cells.

Red bone marrow and autologous bone tissue (bone fragments and bone chips) of the donor were harvested intraoperatively during autoplasty of talus bone defect. Titanium chips were obtained by grinding a fragment of a microporous titanium-coated hip arthroplasty (Zimmer). Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated in the operating room, and bone and titanium fragments were incubated with a suspension of mononuclear cells. The quality of revitalization was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and histological examination after culturing of adherent cells on the bone and titanium fragments. During culturing on bone chips, bone marrow mononuclear fraction cells demonstrated significantly higher metabolic activity than bone marrow cells (p=0.04). Mononuclear fraction cells were also capable of stable colonization of titanium fragments with the formation of composite tissue model.

Aging is a negative process for the organism and for lymphatic system structures, causing a decrease in protection against adverse factors. Senile changes require correction. We can improve the efficiency of lymph nodes through lymphosanation as a health-saving technology in an aging condition. We proposed the original phytomineral composition and obtained evidence of lymphotropic properties. Phytocomposition positively affects lymph nodes that have undergone senile changes. The effects reflect the basic principles of lymphosanation: lymphostimulation, lymphoprotection, lymphocorrection. Phytolymphostimulation increases the speed of lymph passage through the lymph node by 1.3-1.5 times against the background of enhanced function of excretory organs. Lymphoprotection is associated with a decrease in toxic pressure on the lymphatic system. Lymphocorrection changes for the better the structure and immune function of lymph nodes. Intake of phytocomposition has structural-modifying effect. This is expressed in selective increase or decrease of size of structural-functional zones with change of proliferation of lymph cells of lymph nodes. There is the formation of temporary compensatory lymphoid structures, so-called tertiary lymphoid follicles, as a result of phytotherapy. As a source of trace elements, the phytomineral composition has a modulating effect on the trace element profile of the lymph node of older animals. There is an increase in the content of deficient (zinc, selenium, copper) and a decrease in the content of excess (manganese) trace elements in lymph nodes. Phytomineral supplement makes up for age deficiency of trace elements. We discuss in work the causal relationship of the described effects with the action of bioactive substances of the phytomineral complex (plant bioflavonoids, trace elements and food fibers). Phytomineral compositions are important for correcting the structure and function of the lymphatic system altered by aging. Phytotherapy helps preserve health capital by enhancing the protective function of the lymphatic system, in anti-aging and lymphosanation programs.

The article focuses on preventive lymphology as one of the most effective directions against aging. We implemented the idea of managing the workability of the mesenteric lymph node, including its functional components - structure, hydration level and trace element exchange. Phytotherapy deserves special attention in assessing the effect on the lymph node. Calculation-analytical evaluation showed that phytocorrection changes the rate and intensity of lymph node changes in natural aging. We identified basic indicators that characterize the end results of all changes in lymph node structures compared to baseline. Restoration of lymph node workability occurs with change of growth rate of intranodular functional systems. It has been shown that the growth ratio approaches the initial (basic) level due to modification of structure (compartments) and increase of water saturation of the senile lymph node after phytocorrection. The growth coefficient exceeds the base level, characterizing an increase of trace elements concentration after phytocorrection. The total growth coefficient has the greatest value compared to natural aging. Intace of phytocomposition positively affects the lymph node, slowing the involution of compartments, increasing hydration and trace element concentration. Phytotherapy prevents the onset of aging and ensures the reliability of the lymph node.

The problem of aging is a decrease in the protective function of peripheral lymphoid organs. Solving the problem requires looking for ways to overcome aging. We analyzed the rate of aging using the example of a somatic inguinal lymph node. We assessed the structural and trace-element unity of the lymph node using the morphological method, X-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation and the dynamic rows method. It has been found that the change in lymph node compartments varies in direction and speed, determining the features of the senile morphotype. A positive growth rate is typical of capsule area, cortical plateau, paracortex and medullary substance structures of a lymph node. The rate of a decrease is observed on the side of subcapsular sinus, lymphoid follicles area. At the same time, most trace elements of the immune group are deficient. Age-induced changes reduce lymph node operability. The work implements the idea of lymphotropic correction through original phytocomposition. The main active substances are bioflavonoids, trace elements of polyfunctional effect on the organism. Phytocorrection changes the rate and intensity of lymph node changes when aging. It is noted that structures increased in size during aging became smaller after phytocorrection and vice versa. There is a slowdown in the rate of aging due to the structural-modifying effect. Introduction from outside trace elements prevents their deficiency, especially zinc and selenium. This has a positive effect on the structural organization of the senile lymph node. We implemented the idea of lymph node state management through evaluation of structure and trace element status using phytolymphotropic technology. The total growth coefficient is confirmation and estimates the intensity of changes in aging and after phytocorrection. Phytotherapy prevents lymph node aging and ensures reliability of lymph node functioning in somatic lymphatic region.

Adrenergic innervation in the tissue of the cervical, mesenteric, and popliteal lymph nodes in rats of different age groups (from 2-45 days to 24 months) was studied using the specific fluorescence-microscopic imaging of catecholamines. Adrenergic innervation in the lymph nodes of rats is present from the first days of life, but it develops and complicates during postnatal ontogeny and is fully formed by thedays 20-30 of life. By the age of one month, adrenergic innervation represents a well-formed apparatus in all parts of the node, i.e. in the capsule, trabeculae, and cortical and medullary substance. These are brightly fluorescent nerve fibers that form plexuses with regularly located multiple varicosities. In senile animals, the density and number of plexuses in all parts of the lymph node are preserved, but the brightness of plexuses decreases, plexus fibers become discontinuous, varicosities become less frequent or disappear. These changes are seen in lymph nodes from different body regions.