Background : Rate allergenic properties of the complementary food line based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat in the diet of infants (0–1 years old). Methods : The study included children aged 4–6 months with natural, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were almost healthy or had a burdened allergic history. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetable puree, meat puree and fruit puree) were administered basing on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products and dynamics of mass-height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCH), the equivalent of hemoglobin in reticulocytes (RetHe), iron, ferritin, prealbumin, and specific E class immunoglobulin (IgE) to the proteins in cow's and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results : 60 healthy children received complementary foods based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat on a step-by-step basis. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0–135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all the complementary foods studied. Conclusion : The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including in children with a burdened allergic history. This allows us to describe them as hypoallergenic products.

Significance. Imbalanced diet in early childhood often results in medical issues, including mental retardation, impaired adaptation mechanisms and worsened immunological protection. The amount of studies, which could help to assess dietary peculiarities of 1-3-year-old children living in a Russian megalopolis and reveal probable deficiencies of the essential macro- and micronutrients, as well as the prevalence of eating behavior disorders. The study was aimed at assessing the nature and peculiarities of the diet of the 12-35-month-old children residing in Moscow. Patients and methods. 106 1-3-year-old children were examined at two pediatric polyclinics in Moscow; they were divided into two groups: I – 12-23-month-old children, II – 24‑35-month-old children. Results. The authors performed a comprehensive analysis of actual diets of young children, including assessment of the nature of consumed foods and dishes, as well as of nutritional value of daily rations. Conclusions. The authors established that diets of most 1‑3‑year-old children residing in the megalopolis conform to the current criteria. Excessive consumption of high-protein foods, insufficient consumption of specialized functional foods, early introduction of “adult foods” and non-observance of the dietary pattern were observed in several cases.

Nutrition of children of the second and third years of life is a topical problem nowadays. The significance of this age period for the health level formation is very high. The authors show the method and analyze the first results of the epidemiological study of nutrition character and special features of 12–36 months old children in different regions of Russian Federation. The nutrition structure of such children demands a special attention from pediatricians. The received data require the further analysis and establishment of correlations between the disturbances in nutrition structure and estimated indicators of the main nutrients, energy, minerals and vitamins intake.

The article presents modern data on the formula of breast milk and principles of adaptation of children’s milk mixtures. Authors show the reasonability of inclusion of some ingredients in the mixtures. The proper experience of nutrition with children’s milk formula «Agusha Gold 1» is presented, its influence on physical development of infants first 6 months old is analyzed. The product is welltolerated with children without allergic family history and with infants from risk groups of atopy and ones with minimal allergic symptoms (not related to cow milk proteins). Most children with mild and changeable allergic symptoms showed total absence of dry skin on cheeks and rash. Key words: breast milk, breast feeding, children’s milk formulas, bifidobacteria, oligosaccharides, allergy prophylaxis. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (4): 93–99 )

Evaluation of prolonged storage of breast milk safety for nutrition of newborns remains actual problem of modern nutritiology. Objectives: to evaluate an influence of freezing and prolonged storage of expressed breast milk on its nutritive, biological values and microbiological safety. Methods: samples of expressed breast milk (native samples and after 1 and 3 months of storage in containers Philips AVENT in t -18°С) were analyzed; levels of secretory IgA, lysozyme, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, buffer capacity and bacterial cells were detected. Results: there is no statistically significant influence of low temperature and prolonged storage of expressed breast milk on levels of secretory IgA, lysozyme, TGF β1 and bacterial cells. Potassium and calcium levels significantly decreased (on about 10% and 20% accordingly), pH increased, and buffer capacity of milk lowered after freezing during 3 months. Conclusion: children’s feeding with native and expressed breast milk defrosted after 3 months of storage is equal in nutritive and biological values and microbiological safety.

The article is dedicated to the problem of rational nourishment of nursing mothers. It contains approximate daily set of nutrients and recommended norms of main nutrients and energy intake during lactation. This article also underlines the necessity of enriching women's diet during lactation with essential functional nutritional factors and thus the possibility of use of enriched products for pregnant and nursing women. Also there's information about contents of Russian specialized formula «Annamaria Prima for nursing mothers», its functional properties, as well as our own clinical observations of mothers, who were receiving this formula.

The article describes a structure and functions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their role in infants' nutrition. It was marked that Russian market has only one product for additional food enriched with PUFA ω-3 for children from 4 months old. It is milkless buckwheat «Heinz».

Authors analyzed a data on composition of modern industrially produced paps. The terms «pro and prebiotical products» was defined. It was shown, that these products influenced on composition of intestinal micro flora, functional state of gastrointestinal tract, and opportunity of prophylaxis of alimentary allergy in children in first year of life. This article describes good tolerance and significant effectiveness of milk free pap «Pomogayka» containing oats, wheat and prunes, enriched with sinbiotics: oligofructose, inulin, and bifidobacterium. Key words: children in infancy, probiotics, prebiotics, alimentary allergy, intestinal disbiosis. ( Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(3): 99-103 )

The article deals with new data about food tolerance induction among the children, belonging to the high risk groups disposed to atopy. Authors show the role of gut microflora in formation of child immune system, effect of breast feeding on activation of local immune response, growth stimulation of bifid bacteria and lactic acid bacilli. The present work gives the randomized research findings, which confirm the effectiveness of prolonged breast feeding, use of highly or partially hydrolyzed mixtures and timely introduction of supplemental feeding in food allergy prevention. Key words: prevention, food allergy, children, breast feeding, hypo allergic mixtures, milk protein hydrolysates, supplemental feeding, gut microflora, probiotics.