The prevalence of various kidney diseases in children remains high in recent decades. Adequate nutrition management can enhance the effectiveness of drug treatment, slow the frequency of relapses andprevent the progression of the disease. The article is devoted to modern approaches to diet therapy in various kidney diseases in children with the defeat of tubular and glomerular appa ratus. For the first time the therapeutic diets for children with various kidney diseases are presented. Particular attention is paid to diet therapy in nephrotic syndrome (steroid-responsive and steroid-refractory). Dietary approaches with modern formulas for enteral nutrition in cases of steroid therapy complications in children with renal insufficiency (in predialysis stage and on dialysis) are described. Differentiated nutritional approaches for patients with different types of crystalluria are separately presented.

Irrational nutrition may results in physical and intellectual maldevelopment of children and reduction in body resistance to aggressive environmental factors. Study objective. Assessment of physical development and nutrition of 1-3-year-old children living in Moscow. Methods. The authors examined 106 1-3-year-old children: group I (n = 59) was made up of 1-2-year-old children, group II (n = 47) – of 2-3-year-old children. Anthropometric data were evaluated with WHO software AnthroPlus; the authors calculated Z-score parameters: weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ). Nutrition was assessed by reproducing a 3-day diet (actual diet) using software Dietplan 6. The authors analyzed the volume of the eaten food, the daily caloric content and the amount of consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Results. Most examined children (76.4%) were characterized by age-medium parameters of physical development and nutrition (BAZ from -2 to +1). Excess body weight and obesity were observed in 1/5 of the children (BAZ > 1). In the children with excess body weight, especially in 1-2-year-old children, excessive consumption of food (by 200-300 g/day, p < 0.001), proteins (by 47.5%) and fats (by 36.7%), as well as excessive caloric content (by 21.3%, p < 0.001) were observed (in comparison with the recommended consumption standards). Conclusion. The identified nutritional disorders in 1-3-year-old children (overeating and unbalanced diet) result in excess body weight and even development of obesity. The children with high birth weight and high baseline BAZ score may be considered an obesity risk group. The BAZ score is the most informative parameter for a child’s nutritive status assessment.

Background. To evaluate the tolerability of the industrial complementary feeding products (grain, fruit and vegetables, meat-based) in healthy children and children at high risk of allergies developing. Methods. The study included 90 children aged 4-6 months with breastfeeding, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were healthy or had a high risk for development of allergic disease. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetables, meat and fruits) were administered based on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products, dynamics of weight and height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the specific IgE (sIgE) to the proteins of cow’s and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0-135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all studied complementary foods. Conclusion. The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including children with a high risk for development of allergic disease. This allows us to describe the industrial complementary feeding products as hypoallergenic.

Background : Rate allergenic properties of the complementary food line based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat in the diet of infants (0–1 years old). Methods : The study included children aged 4–6 months with natural, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were almost healthy or had a burdened allergic history. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetable puree, meat puree and fruit puree) were administered basing on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products and dynamics of mass-height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCH), the equivalent of hemoglobin in reticulocytes (RetHe), iron, ferritin, prealbumin, and specific E class immunoglobulin (IgE) to the proteins in cow's and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results : 60 healthy children received complementary foods based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat on a step-by-step basis. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0–135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all the complementary foods studied. Conclusion : The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including in children with a burdened allergic history. This allows us to describe them as hypoallergenic products.

This article contains results analysis of the study that included 25 infants with congenital defects of urinary organs requiring surgical correction. All patients had their alimentary status checked with actual nutrition evaluation based upon somatometric and biochemical parameters. Adapted formulas enriched with pre- and probiotics («Nutrilaс Kislomolochniy (Cultured Milk Food)» and «Nutrilac Immuno Bifi») were used in the capacity of nutritive support in the early postoperative period. The advantage of prolonged use of enriched adapted formulas shown in comparison to, standard in urology departments, forced extended feeding scheme has been for infants in the early postoperative period.

This article contains results analysis of the study that included 25 infants with congenital defects of urinary organs requiring surgical correction. All patients had their alimentary status checked with actual nutrition evaluation based upon somatometric and biochemical parameters. Adapted formulas enriched with pre- and probiotics («Nutrilaс Kislomolochniy (Cultured Milk Food)» and «Nutrilac Immuno Bifi») were used in the capacity of nutritive support in the early postoperative period. The advantage of prolonged use of enriched adapted formulas shown in comparison to, standard in urology departments, forced extended feeding scheme has been for infants in the early postoperative period.

Urinal system infection is one of the most frequent bacterial infection diseases in childhood. approximately 30% of children suffer from relapses of urinal infections. Optimal therapy is very important to avoid the risk of kidney cicatrisation because of urinal infection. Last years specialists pay more attention to phyto medications, since they have both a complex action and a significantly fewer side effects as compared to synthetic medications. We have studied the action of Kanefrom phytomedication upon the urinal infection processes of children. We have found a reduced frequency of relapses among children with acute pyelonephritis, who were treated with the above medication for 3 months after a course of antibiotics. Children whose therapy was terminated after a course of antibiotics. Key words: pyelonephritis, urinal infection, prophylaxis, children, phytotherapy.

URINAL SYSTEM INFECTION IS ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENT BACTERIAL INFECTION DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD. APPROXIMATELY 30% OF CHILDREN SUFFER FROM RELAPSES OF URINAL INFECTIONS. OPTIMAL THERAPY IS VERY IMPORTANT TO AVOID THE RISK OF KIDNEY CICATRISATION BECAUSE OF URINAL INFECTION. LAST YEARS SPECIALISTS PAY MORE ATTENTION TO PHYTO MEDICATIONS, SINCE THEY HAVE BOTH A COMPLEX ACTION AND A SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER SIDE EFFECTS AS COMPARED TO SYNTHETIC MEDICATIONS. WE HAVE STUDIED THE ACTION OF KANEFROM PHYTOMEDICATION UPON THE URINAL INFECTION PROCESSES OF CHILDREN. WE HAVE FOUND A REDUCED FREQUENCY OF RELAPSES AMONG CHILDREN WITH ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS, WHO WERE TREATED WITH THE ABOVE MEDICATION FOR 3 MONTHS AFTER A COURSE OF ANTIBIOTICS VS. CHILDREN WHOSE THERAPY WAS TERMINATED AFTER A COURSE OF ANTIBIOTICS.

Amino acid analysis and investigation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance were done in two groups of patients with renal failure and osteodystrophy on vitamin D metabolites and analogues treatment. The results of the investigation confirm vitamin D metabolites influence on free amino acid metabolism and on nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus balance. We observed significant decreases of blood amino acids and good influence on renal osteodystrophy in patients treated with vitamin D metabolites. Vitamin D metabolites didn't influence retention, urinary and fecal excretion of endogenous nitrogen in patients with renal failure.

Amino acid analysis and investigation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance were done in two groups of the patients with renal failure and osteodystrophy on the Vitamin D metabolites and analogues treatment. The results of the investigation confirm vitamin D metabolites influence on free amino acid turnover and on nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus balance. We observed significant decreases of blood amino acids and good influence on renal osteodystrophy in patients treated with the vitamin D metabolites. Vitamin D metabolites didn't influence on the retention, urinary and fecal excretion of endogenous nitrogen in patients with renal failure.

The investigation of the effectiveness of a diet supplemented with n-3 PUFA in children with glomerulonephritis was done. Patients receiving "Polyen" achieved better clinical remission, more rapid decrease of hypercholesterolemia, and hypercoagulation than the patients from the control group. We can recommend "Polyen" usage in the treatment of glomerulonephritis in children.

The peptic ulcer of stomach and duodenum are the more often occuring complications of steroid treatment in children with chronic glomerulonephrite. Dinamic investigation has shown that the using of beta-carotin oily solution in therapy of this complications increases the efficiency of traditional treatment. It has been shown that beta-carotene administration speeds the reparation of stomach and duodenum ulcers, saves adequate serum concentration of beta-carotene and retinol. The data obtained demonstrate that beta-carotene administration in the complex therapy of chronic glomerulonephrite patient with gastroenteropathy should be recommended.