Highlights It has been demonstrated for the first time that multitasking cognitive training reduced the density of low-frequency current sources in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain involved in encoding memories and regulating general brain activity in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Aim. To study the topological features of brain activity assessed using the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) method in patients with multitasking cognitive training after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. A prospective study enrolled 100 patients admitted to the hospital for CABG, aged 45 to 75 years. All the patients were randomly assigned to a group with multitask cognitive training (MCT) or a comparison group without training (n = 50). The MCT protocol included a postural task performed simultaneously with cognitive tasks involving mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and the unusual use of a common object. The MCT course was conducted daily, starting 3–4 days after CABG, and lasted 5–7 days. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) was used to localize current density sources to assess the topography of changes in brain electrical activity. Results. It was found that there was a decrease in the frontotemporal density of current sources at frequencies of 3–5 and 5–7 Hz after MCT during the early postoperative period CABG, compared to preoperative values (t > 3.43; p < 0.003 and t > 3.53; p < 0.007). Between-group differences were observed in the mediobasal regions of the brain; patients after MCT had a lower density of activity sources in the 3–5 Hz range compared to the group without training (t > -3.48; p < 0.04). Conclusion. The MCT helped to reduce low-frequency activity in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Topographic features were associated with the frontotemporal and medial basal regions of the brain, which are involved in memory encoding and regulating general brain activity. These findings emphasize the significance of investigating neural mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of multitasking interventions in cognitive rehabilitation. The data obtained can be utilized to develop and conduct future research aimed at enhancing cognitive rehabilitation programs.

Highlights The effect of carotid endarterectomy on the cognitive status of patients remains controversial, as patients with carotid atherosclerosis suffer from chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, show risk factors for the progression of the atherosclerosis, and suffer from transient ischemic attacks and ischemic stroke. Abstract Background . Carotid endarterectomy has been performed for more than 65 years to prevent primary and secondary ischemic stroke in patients with stenosis and lesion of brachiocephalic arteries. Numerous studies show that revascularization of the carotid artery not only protects against stroke, but can also lead to changes in cognitive functions. However, the effect of carotid endarterectomy on the cognitive status of patients remains controversial, since patients with carotid atherosclerosis suffer from chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, transient ischemic attacks and ischemic stroke, therefore, the available data are ambiguous and quite contradictory. Aim . To determine the risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients after carotid endarterectomy within 6-month follow-up. Methods . The study included 110 patients with carotid atherosclerosis who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Upon hospitalization, cognitive status was assessed, echocardiography, lipid profile, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were studied, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophils to leukocytes ratio (NLR) and platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR) were calculated. After 6 months, a group of patients with decreased cognitive function was identified. Results. The results revealed the following factors of cognitive decline: type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.025), a history of cerebrovascular disease (p < 0.006), elevated LDL (p < 0.05). There was an increase in indicators of systemic inflammation and fibrosis in the group with impaired cognitive function: NLR increased by 8.1% (p < 0.05), PLR by 4.5% (p > 0.05), (SII) by 15.8% (p < 0.01), MMP-9 by 51.7% (p < 0.001), and MCP-1 by 21.2% (p < 0.001). After 6 months patients of this group presented with the lower ejection fraction (10.3% decrease (p < 0.01). The average LDL level was 16.7% higher (p < 0.05). Conclusion . Risk factors for cognitive impairment six months after carotid endarterectomy were diabetes mellitus, smoking, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, multifocal atherosclerosis, a history of stroke, dyslipidemia, increased levels of fibrosis markers and indicators of systemic inflammation.

HighlightsThe effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (the absence of the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with the emotional regulation of behavior and frequency-spatial organization of brain activity.The positive outcome of cognitive rehabilitation is promoted by «pre-tuning» background theta activity associated with the components of emotional intelligence: «attention to emotions» and «use of emotions in decision making». The distinctive feature of the group with unsuccessful rehabilitation is the link between empathy and high-frequency beta 2 rhythm. Aim. To study the relationship between the components of emotional intelligence (EI) and electrical activity of the brain (EEG), reflecting the effects of cognitive rehabilitation using multitasking training in cardiac surgery patients. Methods. The prospective cohort study included 83 patients who had undergone direct myocardial revascularization, 42 of whom underwent multitasking training in the early postoperative period. Physical, laboratory, and extended neurophysiological examinations were performed before cardiac surgery and 11–12 days after the intervention.Results. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (absence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)) is related to peculiarities of emotional regulation of behavior, reflected in the ratio of components of EI and frequency-spatial organization of brain activity. The group of patients with positive cognitive rehabilitation (absence of POCD) is characterized by «pre-tuning» background theta activity associated with the components of emotional intelligence: «attention to emotions» and «use of emotions in decision making». The distinctive feature of the group with unsuccessful rehabilitation is the link between empathy and high-frequency beta 2 rhythm.Conclusion. Regional features of detected coupling patterns of EI and brain activity suggest that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation using multitasking training is determined by the degree of preservation of cortical control functions during the development of cardiac artery disease, reflected in the peculiarities of emotional regulation of behavior of the patients.

OBJECTIVE:To compare biomarkers of neurovascular unit (NVU) - S100β, NSE, BDNF and indicators of the brain electrical activity in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depending on the use of different versions of multi-tasking cognitive training (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 89 people, of whom 47 completed the CTI (postural and three cognitive tasks (counting backwards, verbal fluency and the open-ended task «Unusual use of an ordinary object») and 42 patients, who underwent CTII (visuomotor reaction and the same cognitive tasks) in the early postoperative CABG period. The patients of both groups underwent complex testing of psychomotor, executive functions, attention, short-term memory and EEG study in the perioperative period of CABG. Concentrations of NVU markers in peripheral blood serum were also analyzed. RESULTS:The highest values of S100β protein concentration in both patients with CTI and CTII were observed on the 1st-2nd days after CABG, followed by a significant decrease on the 10th-12th days to preoperative values only in the CTII group. Also, during CTI, low concentrations of S100β and NSE protein were associated with higher indicators of cognitive status, such as short-term memory and general integral index. In patients with CTI, the concentration of BDNF on days 10-12 of CABG was significantly higher compared to patients with CTII, and its higher levels were associated with higher levels of attention. Only if the training was successful, the patients with CTI had greater preoperative levels of EEG alpha-1 and alpha-2 activity compared to patients with CTII. CONCLUSION:The version of multitasking CT using the postural motor component more actively triggered the processes of neuroplasticity due to the expression of BDNF and its success was due to the greater presence of alpha-activity in the preoperative period of CABG. Further research is needed to study the neurophysiological mechanisms of recovery of cognitive functions after cardiac surgery.

HighlightsFor the first time it was demonstrated that changes in the neurophysiological parameters and markers of the neurovascular unit in cardiac surgery patients under the influence of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment result in optimization of the attention and short-term memory domains, the absence of significant dynamics of low-frequency theta activity and a pronounced activation of BDNF synthesis in contrast to patients without training. AbstractAim. To study the changes in a complex index of cognitive status in the neurodynamic, attention and short-term memory domains, electroencephalogram (EEG) indices and neurovascular unit (NVU) markers in cardiac surgery patients under the influence of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment.Methods. The prospective randomized study included 100 patients who were divided into two groups using the envelope method: 47 patients underwent a course of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment and 53 patients received no training. In addition to a standard clinical examination, all patients underwent an extended study of cognitive status, EEG parameters, and NVU markers in peripheral blood.Results. The complex indicators of attention and short-term memory improved at 11–12 days after CABG compared to preoperative values, but only in patients who underwent training. There were no significant changes in complex indicators of cognitive domains in patients without training. Analysis of the EEG total power revealed that theta 1 rhythm indicators did not statistically differ from preoperative values in patients who underwent training. In the group without training, the increase in theta activity (theta1 and theta2) was significant, as was beta 1–2 activity. The dynamics of changes in the BDNF indicator demonstrated that in patients with training, who had an increase in BDNF concentrations in the peripheral blood on the 1st day after CABG, there was no development of early POCD at 11–12 days after cardiac surgery.Conclusion. The multitask trainings in a three-dimensional environment contributed to a decrease in the incidence of POCD at the end of the in-hospital stage of CABG due to optimization of the activity of the attention and short-term memory domains. The positive effect of the training was the absence of significant dynamics of low-frequency theta activity and a more pronounced activation of BDNF compared to patients without training, which may indicate a reorganization of brain activity and NVU, but this effect requires confirmation in further studies.

Aim. To compare the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychological changes in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients who underwent two versions of multitask cognitive training, which involved various cognitive and motor tasks, as well as in a control group.Material and methods. The study included 100 patients after elective CABG. All patients were randomly divided into three following groups: cognitive training (CT) 1 (postural balance combined with mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and unusual object use tasks) (n=30), CT 2 (simple visual-motor response combined with task on mental arithmetic, verbal fluency and unusual object use) (n=35) and without training (standard postoperative therapy) (n=35). All patients underwent extensive neuropsychological testing before CABG. Reexamination with assessment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was carried out on days 2-3 and upon completion of 5-7 days of training or on days 11-12 after CABG.Results. The presence of POCD on days 2-3 was found in 100% of patients in the study groups. On days 11-12 of CABG, POCD persisted in 17 people (56,7%) from the CT 1 group, in 24 (68,6%) from the CT 2 group, and in 28 (80%) patients in the control group. Significant differences were obtained in the POCD prevalence in the CT 1 and control groups (odds ratio =3,06; 95% confidence interval: 1,02-9,18, p=0,04), but not CT 2 and control groups (odds ratio =1,83; 95% confidence interval: 0,64-5,47, p=0,28).Conclusion. Multitask training using a combination of postural balance and mental arithmetic tasks, verbal fluency, and unusual object use had a greater effect in reducing the POCD incidence in patients after CABG compared with standard postoperative care. The results of this study may be used to develop cognitive rehabilitation programs in cardiology and cardiac surgery.

Aim. Approbation of a course of cognitive rehabilitation using multitasking cognitive training in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and Methods. The study involved 10 cardiac surgery patients who underwent a course of multitasking cognitive training in the early postoperative period of CABG. All patients underwent neurological and advanced neuropsychological testing before the intervention and upon completion of cognitive rehabilitation. The results of cognitive rehabilitation of two study participants are described as clinical cases.Results. Most patients (7 out of 10) responded positively to the course. It was also possible to achieve a reduction in the frequency of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) to 40 %. The individual relative change (Δ) index showed that 5 patients (50 %) improved by 20 % or more, or did not change their executive and psychomotor functions, attention scores in 3 patients (30 %), short-term memory improvement − 7 patients (70 %). Successful completion of cognitive rehabilitation course (no POCD) was observed in a man, 60 years old, with initial lack of cognitive impairment with sufficient level of motivation to undergo training. Whereas for a 68-year-old patient with preoperative cognitive impairment and reduced motivation, the training course was unsuccessful.Conclusion. Seven out of 10 patients showed satisfactory results in individual transferability of the multitask training course, as well as transfer of the training effect to other cognitive functions not trained. Two clinical cases demonstrated that the initial cognitive status, level of motivation and even gender of patients can affect the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting.

Цель исследования – оценка когнитивных функций в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов, перенесших симультанное вмешательство на коронарном и каротидном бассейнах.

OBJECTIVE:To identify the features of the cognitive status in patients with cardiac surgery profile with senile asthenia syndrome (SAS) and preasthenia.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A study included 272 patients admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Screening for preasthenia and SAS in patients before surgery was performed using the Brief Battery of Physical Functioning Tests. SAS and preasthenia were detected in 15% of patients (n=41). Seventy-five patients were selected in the comparison group without asthenia. Assessment of the state of cognitive functions was carried out using screening neuropsychological scales - the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).RESULTS:The median of the MMSE score (27 [26; 28] and 28 [27; 29], p=0.04), and the MoCA score (23 [19; 25] and 25 [23; 27], p=0.0085) was significantly lower in patients with asthenia and pre-asthenia compared to patients without asthenia. According to the MoCA, about 60% of patients in the pre-asthenia-asthenia group had severe cognitive impairment, while in the group without asthenia, more than 30% of cases had normal cognitive functions (p=0.003). Significant intergroup differences were found in MoCA subtests, reflecting visuospatial skills, abstraction, verbal fluency and working memory (p=0.01-0.04). Regression analysis showed that age and physical functioning index (severity of asthenia) most significantly contributed to the basic cognitive status assessed by MoCA.CONCLUSION:Features of the cognitive status in patients of cardiac surgery with the SAS and preasthenia are impairments of visuospatial thinking, verbal fluency, abstract thinking and working memory. The MoCA was shown to be informative in determining the basic cognitive status of cardiac surgical patients. At the same time, the greatest contribution to the basic cognitive status is made by age and the indicator of physical functioning, which characterizes the degree of asthenia.

The effect of dual-task cognitive training on neurophysiological parameters of patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass was examined. The study involved 96 male patients who underwent CABG. All patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological and electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis before and after CABG. On day 2 or 3 after surgery, all patients were diagnosed with POCD and randomly divided into two groups: a group who received training (n = 54) and a group with no training (n = 42). From days 3–4 of the postoperative period, a daily course of dual-task training (simultaneous performance of cognitive and physical tasks) was carried out. Repeated diagnostics for POCD was carried out at the end of the training course, on days 8–11. It was demonstrated that patients who successfully completed the training course (with no POCD on days 8–11) showed a postoperative power decrease in θ1-rhythm, while in all patients with POCD, these indices increased compared to preoperative data. Topographic changes in θ1 rhythm were detected in the left parietal areas, which may be indicative of the impaired perfusion in these regions of the brain.

Highlights The presence of preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients undergoing combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with an increased theta activity at the frontal and parieto-occipital regions of both hemispheres after surgery. Abstract Aim. To study the impact of preoperative cognitive impairment on changes in electrical activity of the brain in patients undergoing combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Sixty-three patients undergoing combined carotid endarterectomy (CAE) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups, depending on the preoperative cognitive functions: without cognitive impairment (n = 17), with MCI (n = 29), and with severe cognitive impairment (n = 17). High-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) (62 channels, bandpass filtered between 0.1–50.0 Hz, sampling rate of 1000 Hz) was performed 3–5 days before and 7–10 days after surgery. Results. Patients with severe cognitive impairment at baseline presented with higher theta activity at the frontal region of the left hemisphere compared to patients without cognitive impairment and patients with MCI (p = 0.048). At the same time, patients with MCI showed the most pronounced theta activity increase after surgery compared to preoperative levels at the frontal and parieto-occipital cortical regions of both the left and right hemispheres (p≤0.05). Postoperative changes of theta activity in patients with severe cognitive impairment were minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Patients without severe preoperative cognitive impairment presented with higher grade brain dysfunction in the form of increased theta activity at the frontal and parieto-occipital regions after combined CAE and CABG. A smaller decrease in theta power after surgery in patients with severe preoperative cognitive impairment, on the one hand, can indicate compensation after cerebral ischemia and resistance to hypoperfusion during on-pump cardiac surgery, and on the other, can be a manifestation of the ceiling effect and insufficiency of brain functional reserves.

Aim of the study was to assess the possibilities of recovering the functions of attention and short-term memory in patients with vascular cognitive disorders using a computer program for cognitive training. Material and methods. The study included 17 cardiac surgery patients who underwent a course of cognitive training, starting from 3–4 days after surgery, daily for 5–7 days. The cognitive training program consisted of tasks stimulating the functions of selective attention, visuospatial and working memory. Results. Almost all patients (88 %) reported an acceptable level of subjective difficulty in the performing cognitive training. After completing the cognitive training program, the selective attention improved in 53 % of cases, working memory – in 67 %, the visuospatial memory test scores – in 47 % of patients. Conclusions. The computer-based cognitive training program showed acceptable subjective difficulty in cardiac surgery patients. Approximately 50 % of patients showed an improvement in trained cognitive functions at the final stage of training. The results of approbation of the cognitive training program give an opportunity to determine the degree of compliance of cognitive rehabilitation methods with the psychophysiological status of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including in the late postoperative period.

This analytical review considers the clinical aspects of the application of virtual reality (VR) technologies in the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is shown that VR-training is one of the actively developing rehabilitation methods. Its use has great potential for the treatment of cognitive disorders of a wide range (stroke, vascular cognitive disorders, cardiac surgery patients). Promising in the development of personalized approach in the cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac patients is the estimation of the initial level of cognitive reserve as an indicator of the possible activation of neuroplastic processes against the background of cognitive training using a virtual environment.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of dual-task computerized cognitive training (CCT) in the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and methods. This cohort prospective study included 68 patients (median age, 64 years [54; 69]) admitted for elective on-pump CABG. In addition to the standard preoperative examination, all patients underwent advanced neuropsychological and neurophysiological examination. Starting from 3-4 days of the postoperative period, all patients underwent dual-task CCT.Results. After 8-10 days, early postoperative cognitive dysfunction was observed in 37 (54,4%) patients from CCT group, while in patients without training in 69,3% of cases (n=79). The best results of cognitive functioning were achieved in neurodynamics and short-term memory. In addition, in patients who completed the training course, a postoperative increase in the frontooccipital gradient of theta rhythm was observed.Conclusion. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment have demonstrated the limited effectiveness of a short-term dual task CCT using in the prevention of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients after on-pump CABG. The dual task method can be an additional preventive intervention in the development of a personalized approach to cognitive rehabilitation therapy in cardiac surgery patients.

Цель. Изучение нейрофизиологического статуса пациентов (по данным психометрического тестирования и электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) у пациентов с изолированной каротидной эндартерэктомией (КЭА).

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Изучение динамики нейрофизиологических показателей у пациентов, перенесших кардиохирургические вмешательства, при использовании в качестве когнитивной реабилитации различных вариантов двойной задачи. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В когортном проспективном исследовании участвовали 47 пациентов, подвергнутых изолированному коронарному шунтированию (КШ) или КШ в сочетании с каротидной эндартерэктомией (КЭЭ). Сформированы три группы: группа сравнения без когнитивной реабилитации (n=21), группы послеоперационного когнитивного тренинга I (постуральный тренинг и задача открытого типа) (n=11) и II (зрительно-моторная реакция и задача открытого типа) (n=15). Когнитивный тренинг проводили ежедневно, начиная с 4-го дня после операции. Среднее количество тренировок в каждой группе 5. Все пациенты проходили расширенное нейропсихологическое тестирование и электроэнцефалографическое исследование за 3—5 дней до операции и на 8—11-е сутки после нее. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Установлено, что в раннем послеоперационном периоде все пациенты демонстрируют увеличение мощности биопотенциалов тета1- и бета1-ритмов, увеличение индекса тета/альфа-активности и снижение индекса тета/бета-активности. При этом группа тренинга II продемонстрировала улучшение по большему количеству показателей, связанных с исполнительными функциями и вниманием, чем группа тренинга I, у которой улучшились лишь кратковременная память и внимание. ВЫВОД При сопоставимом с группой сравнения уровне ишемического повреждения мозга у пациентов, прошедших когнитивный тренинг, наблюдаются положительные изменения по когнитивным доменам нейродинамики, внимания и памяти. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейшего совершенствования подходов к послеоперационному когнитивному тренингу с использованием двойных задач с интенсификацией нагрузки и индивидуальным сопровождением пациентов, перенесших кардиохирургическое вмешательство.

Aim. To estimate psychophysiological changes during workspace virtualization.Materials and Methods. We evaluated the psychophysiological profile of 10 healthy right-handed males aged 25 to 45 years before, during and after the working in a virtual reality (VR) headset. All participants had higher education, normal or corrected to normal vision, and were experienced computer users. Psychometric testing included a neurological examination, assessment of functional and feedback-related brain activity (reaction time, errors, and missed signals) and attention span, quantification of processed symbols in the 1st and 4th minutes of Bourdon test, analysis of short-term memory (10 words, 10 numbers and 10 meaningless syllables memorization) and spatial perception, and multi-channel electroencephalography recording in rest.Results. Deterioration of psychometric indicators after a cognitive load in a VR headset was documented only in the most difficult tasks: the number of errors increased by 93% in the brain performance test and by 65% in the attention distribution test. The analysis of electroencephalography data showed that the delta rhythm and theta1 rhythm activity decreased by 28 and 13%, respectively, after working in a VR headset as compared to baseline values, while alpha1 rhythm activity increased by 96%. Probably, the observed electroencephalography changes corresponded to the patterns of brain activation associated with cognitive load and the resulting fatigue.Conclusions. We developed a suitable approach for the psychometric testing before and after working in VR headset, which demonstrated general tolerance and acceptable subjective difficulties to VR load.

Aim. To study the sex characteristics of cognitive functions in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by comparing the results of Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores.Material and methods. The prospective cohort study included 272 people, including 74 women aged 41 to 82 years, who were admitted to the Research Institute of Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases for CABG surgery. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological and ultrasound examinations. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated. Assessment of cognitive functions was carried out using the MMSE and MoCA scores. All types of statistical analysis were performed using the STATISTICA 10 program (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. It was found that women scheduled for CABG have an older age and a higher CCI score compared to men (p=0,008). According to the MMSE, the likelihood of moderate and severe cognitive impairment in men compared with women was 1,36 times higher (odds ratio (OR), 1,35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,79-2,32, Z=1,11, p=0,27). The MoCA scores showed that half of the male (49%) and female (50%) participants had severe cognitive impairment. The likelihood of moderateand severe cognitive impairment in men compared with women was 1,33 times higher (OR, 1,33; 95% CI, 0,68-2,59, Z=0,841, p=0,40). According to subtests of the MoCA, men were better in naming (p=0,002), abstraction (p=0,005), and women outperformed men in verbal fluency (p=0,04). Regression analysis revealed that the most significant negative predictors for cognitive status as measured by the MMSE and MoCA scores for men and women were age and CCI.Conclusion. Women scheduled for CABG, having the worst clinical and demographic indicators, are comparable with men in cognitive status using the MMSE score. The MoCA score shows sex differences in naming, abstraction, and verbal fluency domains and revealed a higher percentage of severe cognitive disorders (up to 50%) compared to the MMSE score (7-9%). In male and female candidates for CABG, age and comorbidities are negatively associated with cognitive status.

The issue of cognitive decline in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) has attracted attention of many researchers. But neurophysiological aspect of cortical functions deficit remains unclear. Modern techniques of brain activity imaging, such as a multi-channel computer electroencephalography (EEG) can detect and quantify this deficit. We conducted conduct a comparative analysis of the EEG spectral power in CHD patients with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Тhe average power of EEG rhythms in CHD patients with (N = 24) or without (N = 28) MCI in the range of 4-30 Hz was studied. The degree of coronary lesion was evaluated based on the results of coronary angiography and the SYNTAX score. Cognitive deficit was assessed with Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale. The patients were divided into two groups: with MCI (n = 24, MMSE score - 26,1 ± 0,85) and without cognitive impairment ((no MCI), n = 28, MMSE score - 28,6 ± 0,75). The mean age of patients in groups were 56,2±4,69 and 57,5±5,36 years old , respectively. The patients with MCI demonstrated more significant power of teta1 and 2 rhythms when eyes were opened and closed, and alpha 2 and beta1 rhythm — when eyes were opened (p ≤ 0, 05) in comparison to the group without MCI. EEG slowing (increase in low-frequency spectral power) associated with cognitive deficits was already observed in CHD patients on the MCI stage. The results confirm that the quantitative EEG can be useful for early detection and prevention of cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular diseases.