В чистую культуру из плодовых тел выделены три штамма гриба Daedaleopsis tricolor. Получены водные и этанольные экстракты из плодового тела и культивированного мицелия гриба Daedaleopsis tricolor. Экстракты охарактеризованы по основным группам биологически активных веществ: полисахариды, белки, тритерпены, каротиноиды, фенольные соединения, флавоноиды. Отмечено, что выход экстрактивных веществ из мицелия в 3–5 раз выше, чем из плодового тела, при этом содержание некоторых групп БАВ в экстрактах из плодовых тел гриба, в 2–4 раза выше, чем в экстрактах из мицелия. Проведено сравнение экстрактов, полученных из плодовых тел и культивируемого мицелия по биохимическому составу и биологической активности. Установлено, что экстракты гриба Daedaleopsis tricolor обладают антиоксидантной и противоопухолевой активностью, при этом экстракты из культивируемого мицелия показывают в большинстве случаев более высокую биологическую активность.
In order to study the biochemical composition and antiviral activity were prepared and characterized extracts of more than 20 higher fungi, which grow in the Novosibirsk region (South of Western Siberia). It was revealed the presence proteins, polysaccharides, carotenoids, triterpenes and flavonoids (in a few samples) in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of higher fungi. It was found that the polysaccharides content in aqueous extracts ranges from 8,5 mg/g for Flammulina velutipes to 373 mg/g for Trichaptum biforme and in ethanol extracts from 37,9 mg/g for Fomitopsis pinicola to 451,3 mg/g for Daedaleopsis tricolor. Total protein content is from 3.0 mg/g in aqueous extract of Amanita muscaria to 44.1 mg/g in ethanol extract of Lycoperdon pyriforme. Aqueous extracts of Coprinus comatus and Trametes trogii and ethanol extracts of Lycoperdon pyriforme, Phallus impudicus, Steccherinum ochraceum and Bjerkandera adusta showed antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses (vaccinia and mousepox viruses) and herpes simplex virus type 2. Quantification of groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in the extracts has prognostic value in the evaluation of their biological effects, including anti-viral activity. Evaluation of quantitative content of biologically active substances (BAS) in extracts has the prognostic importance in the analysis of their biological activities, including antiviral activity, and plays an important role in establishing integrated antivirals against DNA-containing viruses.
Nematophagous fungi for a long time are used for protection of agricultural crops against parasitic нематод. Efficiency of biological preparations can be increased due to perfection of ways of their application. We have shown that entering into soil of a biological biopreparation on the basis of the strain Duddingtonia flagrans F$882 in the period before the peak number of nematodes allows to lower the charge of a preparation in 4-8 times. The additive of nitrate of ammonium stimulates process of formation of traps for nematodes and also allows to lower the charge of a biological preparation.
The article is devoted to the development of technology for production of dry extract from the mushroom Fomes fomentarius for use it to create effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The various methods of biologically active substances extraction from the mushroom FOMES FOMENTARIUS (percolation, maceration and fractional maceration) using various concentrations ethyl alcohol of have been described. The optimal values of technological parameters of the process of obtaining a dry extract from the mushroom Fomes fomentarius has been determined. The maximum content of extractives (5,6 ± 0,7) % found in the extracts, which were obtained using an alcohol solution with a concentration of 70%. (optimum temperature of the extraction process 55-60 ° C, particles of mushroom ranging in size from 50 to 500 microns). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of biologically active substances contained in the dry extract has been performed, the presence of various biologically active substances such as proteins and polysaccharides, triterpene saponins, coumarins and phenolic compounds has been established. The leading group of biologically active compounds for further standardization of the extract has been revealed. It has been showed, that the protein content in the dried extract of the fruiting body of mushroom Fomes fomentarius ranged from 7.0 to 8.4% and polysaccharides from 53.2 to 68.2%.
Roller culturing of MDCK and Vero cells in an experimental nutrient medium based on soy flour hydrolysate, plant material obtained using the bromelain plant enzyme, was studied. The medium supplemented with 2 or 3% fetal calf serum (FCS) had a strong growth-stimulating effect on Vero and MDCK and cells, respectively, and did not alter the cell morphology. A/Solomon Islands/03/06 (H1N1) and B/Malaysia/2506/04 influenza vaccine viruses were grown on MDCK and Vero cell cultures obtained as a result of culturing in rollers on media containing soy flour hydrolysate and FCS (2 or 3%, respectively). The titer of the viruses was high in the presence of either trypsin (2 μg/ml) or bromelain (20 μg/ml).