The article presents information on the distribution, on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of plant material, pharmacological study of lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), as well as the results of a study in culture Vero cell toxicity and antiviral properties of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extract of the aerial parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of lady's mantle, growing in Western Siberia, in respect of the herpes simplex virus. It is shown that the extracts derived from both aerial parts and roots of plants have on the Vero cell culture antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of 1 and 2-type.
Strain with high nuclease activity was selected from the samples of bottom sediments of lake Baikal used screening method for selective media. The method of seeding in a dense medium containing DNA and a method of electrophoresis in agarose gel as substrates phage DNA and RNA was using for the analysis. The selected strain was identified as Aeromonas bestiarum Bp-1010. The bacterium contains metabolites with antiviral activity in the prevention scheme in cell culture MDCK regarding the avian influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) virus and the virus of human influenza A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) (indices in vitro neutralization was 2.5 to 6.0 and 2.4 and 5.0 lg, respectively). The metabolites of strain Aeromonas bestiarum Bp-1010 also inhibit the replication of the virus of smallpox mice and herpes simplex virus 2 type in the culture of Vero cells in preventive scheme. Indexes neutralize the reproduction of herpes simplex virus 2-type and virus of smallpox mice in the culture of Vero cells under the action of metabolites was 2.0 and 2.9 lg, respectively. Strain Aeromonas bestiarum Bp-1010 can be used for development on its basis of dosage forms of drugs for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases.
We studied toxicity and antiviral activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of bioactive substances from the biomass of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans prepared by submerged culturing of the mycelium. It is found that both extracts were characterized by low toxicity for cultured Vero cells and inhibited reproduction of DNA-viruses in this cell line. Ethanol extract of the fungus exhibited higher in vitro antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 2, ectromelia virus, and vaccinia virus than water extract, which can be due to higher content of proteins, polysaccharides, flavonols, catechins, or carotenes or more effective their combination. The extracts of cultured mycelium of Duddingtonia flagrans fungus containing a complex of bioactive substances can be used for creation of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against DNA-viruses.
Aqueous extracts of higher fungi basidiomycetes Laetiporus sulphureus, Ganoderma applanatum и Inonotus obliquus were investigated with respect to their toxicity and antiviral activity for cell culture MDCK and mice Balb/c. All investigated specimens fungal extracts were low-toxic for cell culture MDCK and laboratory animals. Fungal extracts reduced the infectivity of pandemic influenza virus strain А/Moscow/226/2009 (H1N1)v in MDCK cells about 2,69 – 3,22 lg, that was comparable with the use of Tamiflu® (the suppression of reproduction of the virus was 2,90 lg). In experiments in vivo by per oral administration of basidiomycetes extracts to mice infected with the pandemic influenza virus strain А/Moscow/226/2009 (H1N1)v there is a reduction of its products in the lungs of animals. 4 days post infection the virus concentration in lung homogenates of animals treated with basidiomycetes Inonotus obliquus и Laetiporus sulphureus extracts was authentically lower than control on 1,83 and 2,00 lg respectively; for mice treated with Tamiflu® the reduction of the virus concentration in comparison with the control was 2,16 lg.
In order to study the biochemical composition and antiviral activity were prepared and characterized extracts of more than 20 higher fungi, which grow in the Novosibirsk region (South of Western Siberia). It was revealed the presence proteins, polysaccharides, carotenoids, triterpenes and flavonoids (in a few samples) in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of higher fungi. It was found that the polysaccharides content in aqueous extracts ranges from 8,5 mg/g for Flammulina velutipes to 373 mg/g for Trichaptum biforme and in ethanol extracts from 37,9 mg/g for Fomitopsis pinicola to 451,3 mg/g for Daedaleopsis tricolor. Total protein content is from 3.0 mg/g in aqueous extract of Amanita muscaria to 44.1 mg/g in ethanol extract of Lycoperdon pyriforme. Aqueous extracts of Coprinus comatus and Trametes trogii and ethanol extracts of Lycoperdon pyriforme, Phallus impudicus, Steccherinum ochraceum and Bjerkandera adusta showed antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses (vaccinia and mousepox viruses) and herpes simplex virus type 2. Quantification of groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in the extracts has prognostic value in the evaluation of their biological effects, including anti-viral activity. Evaluation of quantitative content of biologically active substances (BAS) in extracts has the prognostic importance in the analysis of their biological activities, including antiviral activity, and plays an important role in establishing integrated antivirals against DNA-containing viruses.
Aqueous extracts of higher fungi gasteromycetes were investigated with respect to their toxicity and antiviral activity for cell culture MDCK and outbred white mice. All investigated specimens fungal extracts was low-toxicity for cell culture MDCK and laboratory animals. It was shown that most of fungal extracts inhibited reproduction influenza A and B about 1,8 5,5 lg in preventive scheme for cell culture MDCK. Was shown protective properties of fungal extracts as well as urgently preventive scheme and medicinal preventive in vivo. The largest coefficient protection was showed extracts isolated from fruit body of Lycoperdon pеrlatum, it was 33,4 % in urgently preventive scheme and 36,9 % in medicinal preventive scheme.
Carried out was evaluation of the effect of water extracts from basidiomycetes in Vero cell culture on variola virus, and vaccinia virus. Antiviral effect demonstrated Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), befungin and melanin from chaga, Ganoderma applanatum (Artist’s Bracket) , Fomitopsis officinalis (Larch Fungus) .
Aqueous extracts of higher Basidiomycetes macromycetes and lower nematophagous fungus micromycetes were investigated with respect to their antiviral activity for cell culture MDCK and outbred white mice. Previously, it was found that all the samples studied are slightly toxic to fungal extracts of MDCK cell culture and laboratory mice. It was shown that most of fungal extracts inhibited reproduction influenza human and birds about 1.4 to 7,5 lg in preventive scheme and medicinal for cell culture MDCK. It was shown protective properties of fungal extracts of basidiomycetes studied in the medicinal preventive scheme, and at nematophagous fungus urgently preventive scheme in vivo. Of all the extracts tested macromycetes highest protection factor in an emergency medicinal preventive scheme was detected in extracts of the fungus Inonotus obliquus (20 %), whereas the maximum rate of protection from fungi extract Duddingtonia flagrans in the urgently preventive scheme at 65 %.