Results of treatment of 2352 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleedings were analyzed. Surgical treatment was performed at 495 (21%) of them. Emergency life-saving operation was performed at 78 (15%) patients, urgent operation after primary hemostasis - at 114 (23%), elective operations - at 303 (62%). Various resections were carried out at 78% cases, organ-saving surgeries - at 22%. The main problem in the treatment program of these patients is the prophylaxis of bleeding recurrence. Rational pathogenetic out-patient treatment of ulcer disease, prophylaxis of recurrences and complications are the key points which need close collaboration between surgeons and gastroenterologists.

The authors consider pancreatitis not as a nosological unity but as a clinical manifestation of enzymatic or autoenzymatic aggression. Based on clinical, histopathomorphological examinations, the authors describe pancreatogenous enzymatic injury of organs and tissues (pancreas, heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc). For 4-8 days to 2-10 years the syndrome may damage not only pancreatic parenchyma, but also vascular structures with formation of general vasculitis, lymphangitis and subsequent thrombotic microangiopathy. The authors regard pancreas as one of the target organs--of general disease, in which serious injuries of other organs and tissues may prevail over changes in the primary zone of aggression.

Combined operations in 158 patients with gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by concomitant pathology of the abdominal cavity organs were performed at the clinic of the Faculty Surgery of Bashkir Medical University. Among the patients, there were 110 men and 48 women. Patients' age averaged 52.5 years. In 108 patients ulcers were localized in the duodenum, in 46 patients - in the stomach, in 4 patients - in the stomach and duodenum.

Diagnosis and treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers combined with abdominal pathology are discussed. The results of combined operations in 158 patients are analysed. Most often gastroduodenal ulcers were combined with hiatal hernia (62%), peritoneal adhesions (17.7%), cholecystitis (17.7%), abdominal wall hernia (10.1%). Good long-term results were achieved in 69.7% of the patients, satisfactory results-in 26.9%, unsatisfactory-in 3.4%. Combined operations are effective in treatment of peptic ulcers and concomitant disorders.

The authors discuss experience in ultrasonic examination (USE) of the biliary tract in 1,068 patients with various benign diseases of the gallbladder; 536 of them were treated by surgery. It is shown that USE is a highly informative and authentic method in the diagnosis of benign diseases of the gallbladder. The article deals with the USE semeiotics of acute destructive cholecystitis, its complications, as well as chronic calculous cholecystitis and various benign noncalculous diseases of the gallbladder. Among the existing methods of examination of the biliary tract, the authors claim USE to be most important and the main method in patients with benign diseases of the gallbladder of noncalculous genesis.

The work diskusses the results of treatment of 65 patients for arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limb vessels by means of various nonoperative methods. The clinical indices improved within the shortest period of time in the group of patients treated by a complex of measures including reinfusion of blood irradiated by ultraviolet rays. According to the findings of rheovasography, the rheographic index increased to a greater degree (+0.4) in patients who were treated by infusion of their own blood, which had been exposed to ultraviolet light, in combination with intravenous injection of drugs. Application of quantum hemotherapy alone was also effective, which was confirmed by increase of the rheographic index by 0.2. It is pointed out that the therapeutic effect of the method is mainly due to improvement of the blood rheologic properties and provision for the flow of blood along the main channel.

The work discusses the results of treatment of 65 patients for arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limb vessels by means of various nonoperative methods. The clinical indices improved within the shortest period of time in the group of patients treated by a complex of measures including reinfusion of blood irradiated by ultraviolet rays. According to the findings of rheovasography, the rheographic index increased to a greater degree (+0.4) in patients who were treated by infusion of their own blood, which had been exposed to ultraviolet light, in combination with intravenous injection of drugs. Application of quantum hemotherapy alone was also effective, which was confirmed by increase of the rheographic index by 0.2. It is pointed out that the therapeutic effect of the method is mainly due to improvement of the blood rheologic properties and provision for the flow of blood along the main channel.