Предложено комбинированное использование иммерсионного агента с низкоинтенсивным лазерным облучением для оптического просветления кожи перед проведением процедуры плазмонной фототермической терапии (ПФТТ). Представлены пилотные результаты исследования влияния иммерсионных агентов на оптические параметры кожи, подкожной соединительной ткани и модельной опухоли у крыс in vivo при гипертермии в процессе ПФТТ. В качестве модельной опухоли использовалась модель альвеолярного рака печени --- холангиокарциномы, трансплантированной подкожно. Для проведения ПФТТ внутрь опухоли вводились золотые наностержни с полосой поглощения в области излучения диодного лазера (808 nm). Мониторинг изменения коэффициента ослабления света в коже при оптическом просветлении проводился с помощью оптической когерентной томографии. Измерения оптических параметров цельной опухоли и её слоёв проводились на спектрометрах в диапазоне длин волн 350-2200 nm. Получено снижение термического повреждения кожи при проведении ПФТТ с предварительным оптическим просветлением с помощью иммерсионного агента (смесь 70% водного раствора глицерина с 10% ДМСО) и низкоинтенсивного лазерного облучения на длине волны 808 nm. Ключевые слова: золотые наностержни, ИК лазерное излучение, оптическое просветление, оптические параметры, плазмонная фототермическая терапия.

We compared the effectiveness of antitumor effects and apoptosis induction on human renal cell carcinoma A498 extracts of cruciferous plant material (indole-3-carbinol), Chinese mushroom (cordycepin), French red wine (resveratrol) at low concentrations after 24 and 48 h using fluorescent methods of imaging apoptosis and necrosis in human tumor cells in vitro . Propidium iodide and acridine orange were used as dyes in the "alive and dead" test, which allowed us to detect the number of dead cells and cells in which apoptosis had started. It was found that indole-3-carbinol at low concentrations (0.0288 and 0.1152 mg/ml) has a pronounced cytotoxic and cytostatic activity against human kidney cancer cells, significantly exceeding the action of resveratrol at the same concentrations. At the same time, cordycepin has no cytotoxic and cytostatic activity at these concentrations. Indole-3-carbinol also has the most pronounced apoptotic activity at concentrations of 0.0144-0.1152 mg/ml, after 48 h the number of kidney cancer cells in apoptosis increases by 6.8-10 times compared to control. It is concluded that indole-3-carbinol is a promising antitumor agent for use in the complex therapy of patients with kidney cancer.

The blood serum samples from healthy rats and rats with inoculated tumors 14 and 28 days after transplantation of cholangiocarcinoma cells were studied using Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the amide I band intensity differs in the spectra depending on tumor stage and it correlates with the serum protein concentration. The blood glucose concentration increases in some rats, leading to protein glycation and the amide 1 band change. The band at 1670 cm-1 is most pronounced in the spectra on 28 day of the experiment and may be associated with an increase of β-structural elements in protein conformation. The principal component analysis allows evaluating the differences in Raman spectra of healthy rats and rats on day 28 after tumor transplantation.

The aim of the study was to study the prognostic factors of the effectiveness of plasmon photothermal therapy (PPT) in rats with transplanted liver cancer based on an assessment of the degree of tumor vascularization. Prior to any exposure, rats with transplanted liver cancer RS-1 underwent a doppler ultrasonography to assess the degree of vascularization of the transplanted tumors. Half of the animals with transplanted tumors were removed from the experiment after dopplerography to determine the content of vascular factors in blood serum by immunoassay and immunohistochemical methods in tumor tissue. After triple intravenous administration of gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with polyethylene glycol at a dose of 0.4 mg/ml, the transplanted tumors were irradiated percutaneously with infrared laser radiation at a wavelength of 808 nm and a thermography of local tumor heating was conducted. After 24 hours, the animals were removed from the experiment and samples of tumor tissue were taken for histological examination. It was found that the accumulation of gold in the tumor tissue and the effectiveness of PPT after repeated intravenous administration of GNRs are determined by the presence of a formed vasculature in the tumor.

The effect of prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles of various sizes on the structure of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of mature laboratory rats and their offspring was studied. The morphometric study was performed using the system of digital image analysis of medical Mikrovizor µVizo-103. The detection of conglomerates of gold nanoparticles in tissues was carried out using the dark field microscopy method. It was found that gold nanoparticles of sizes 2 and 50 nm cause the most pronounced morphological changes in the organs, which indicates the size-dependent character of their effects. In the liver of the group with 50 nm gold nanoparticles administration the expressed dystrophy of hepatocytes and activation of monocytic-macrophage system were observed. In the spleen and lymph nodes, the processes of proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells and macrophages were activated. Oral administration of gold nanoparticles during pregnancy in females was accompanied by an increase in the number of hepatocytes with necrobiotic changes and an increase in the number of non-parenchymatous elements in the liver of the offspring, most pronounced in the groups with the administration of 2 and 50 nm gold nanoparticles.

The possibilities of using fluorescent research methods and their advantages for visualization and determination of the type of programmed cell death of human tumor cells under the action of flavonoids in experiments in vitro were investigated. The object of the study were the tumor cells of cervical cancer HeLa and A498 kidney carcinoma, the flavonoid containing extract of hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis L.) was used for testing in the experiments. The following fluorescent methods were used: the "living and dead" test with double staining - - iodide propidium and acridine orange, the method of double staining with annexin and iodide propidium. The confirmation of autophagy induction was performed using Muse cell analyzer with fluorescent reagents MuseAutophagy LC3-Antibody Based Kit. The application of fluorescent staining methods using double staining with acridine orange and iodide propidium in the "living and dead" test compared to phase microscopy allows to visualize the formation of apoptotic cells and autophagosomes in cells and, therefore, can serve as one of the methods of evaluation screening of the effectiveness of various chemotherapy drugs.

The THz-TDS in the frequency range of 0.05–1.0 THz has been used to study the blood serum of rats in dynamics of experimental liver cancer. THz transmission spectra of samples from healthy rats and for 14 and 28 days after implantation of tumor cells have a similar shape, but differ in amplitude. The protein content decreases for the case of 28th day of the implantation, as it have been measured by biochemical analysis. The observed changes in the THz response are explained by a decrease in the number of protein molecules and water bounded with it. Those results correlate with decrease in the refractive index in the visible and near IR range from 480 to 1550 nm, measured with a multiwave refractometer.

The extract of Gratiola officinalis L. has been obtained by an original method ensuring the maximum yield of flavonoids. The extract simultaneously exhibits high anti-inflammatory activity, selective antimicrobial properties (with respect to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not to conditionally pathogenic E. coli) and antipyretic effect (observed for the first time in Gratiola officinalis L. preparations). Advantages of the proposed preparation are low toxicity, availability of the raw material, and broad spectrum of therapeutic effects.