In 2019, a group of previously unknown mounds with “mustaches” was discovered in the north of the Kulunda steppe. They are quite unusual: all of the mounds are ground and located on floodplains. In 2023, a set of remote sensing methods (aerial photography, electromagnetic profiling, and electrical resistivity tomography) was used at Karasuk-1 and Troitskoye-1 to assess the design of the mounds and see if additional features were present on their periphery. For this type of structure, geophysical methods were employed for the first time. Maps based on aerial photography data have made it possible to record the relief features of objects in high detail. Troitskoye-1 consists of five rather than four mounds. Using the electrical tomography method, the composition of the mound platforms was shown to be homogeneous. On geoelectric sections, they correspond to conductive areas ca 0.5 m thick. At both sites, the central mounds do not have “walls” on the eastern side. Apparently, no removal of soil was carried out on that side, in order to provide access to the ritual areas from the space enclosed by the “mustaches”. According to the results of aerial photography, at Karasuk-1 cup-shaped depressions were discovered on the surface of the western ends of the “mustaches”. They can be tentatively associated with the design of the mounds. The northern “mustache” is markedly broken. No additional features were identified inside or near the mounds. The results suggest that both complexes were built at the same time and are autonomous.

In the paper, equipment for shallow electromagnetic mapping Geoviser, the design and dimensions of special non-magnetic sledges, as well as the features of their use in the field, in combination with a high-precision positioning system are described. Based on the results of the study of archaeological sites of various types (fortified settlement, burial mound), and their comparison with the data of other remote sensing methods, conclusions were made about the efficiency of the used technology: equipment and approaches to its application. A significant increase in the productivity of electromagnetic mapping is shown, while maintaining high data density, opening up prospects for the widespread implementation of the proposed method as the first stage of studying the geoelectric properties of the environment. In the study of archaeological sites, electromagnetic mapping significantly complements aerial photography data, allowing to identify objects that are not expressed in the relief. Successful testing of the described technology on archaeological sites of the Novosibirsk Region demonstrates the need for its implementation in such areas as archeology, engineering and environmental geophysics, precision agriculture.

Relevance. In the last decade, the intensity of development of the Gorlovka coal deposit in Novosibirsk region has significantly increased, which leads to the formation of seismic activation of the subsoil of the Gorlovka depression in response to technogenic impact. Since 2019, earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 4 have been recorded in the field area, felt in Novosibirsk and its suburbs. Currently, damage from natural disasters has been rapidly growing. This happens due to many reasons, such as urbanization, population growth, man-made changes in the geological environment, construction of high-risk facilities that contribute to the activation of negative processes. Therefore, the development of trustworthy criteria for the assessment, forecast and consequences of natural and man-made hazardous phenomena is an urgent task. Timely identification of dangerous geological processes will make it possible to develop and implement measures to prevent and eliminate emergencies of a natural and man-made nature. Aim. Analysis of the results of regular observations by electrical tomography along a profile crossing the fault zone at the study site in the Gorlovka trough for further development of measurement techniques and software for automated processing and interpretation of monitoring data. Methods. Field works, quantitative interpretation Results and conclusions. The authors have obtained the first results of regular observations using electrical tomography along a profile crossing the fault zone at the study site in the Gorlovka trough, interpreting field data using the modernized DiInSo software package. It was found that the identified variations in geoelectric parameters reflect the response of the geological environment both to earthquakes occurring during the observation period and to man-made impacts (explosions). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the fluctuations magnitude is influenced by the earthquake magnitude.

В данной статье представлены результаты полевых испытаний комплекса дистанционных методов на нескольких археологических памятниках, расположенных в Новосибирской области. В комплекс вошли аэрофотосъемка с построением ортофотопланов и цифровых моделей рельефа, малоглубинное электромагнитное профилирование с различными режимами проведения измерений и электротомография. Приведены результаты исследований трех древних поселений, относящихся к эпохе поздней бронзы и раннему железному веку. Одно из них (городище Чича-1) было выбрано в качестве экспериментального полигона, поскольку ранее здесь уже проводились масштабные археолого-геофизические работы. На остальных памятниках инструментальные измерения выполнены впервые. Подтверждена эффективность использованных методов, получена новая информация об археологических объектах, намечены перспективы развития отдельных составляющих аппаратурного комплекса. This paper considers the results of field tests of a set of remote methods at several archaeological sites located in the Novosibirsk region. The method set includes UAV photography with the construction of orthophotoplans and digital elevation models, shallow electromagnetic profiling with various measurement modes, and electrotomography. The results of studies of three ancient settlements belonging to the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age are presented. One of them (the city-site Chicha-1) was chosen as an experimental site, since large-scale archaeological and geophysical investigations had already been carried out here. At other sites instrumental measurements were made for the first time. The effectiveness of the methods used was confirmed, new information about archaeological objects was obtained, and prospects for the development of individual components of the apparatus complex were outlined.

Физическое моделирование разломных зон сейсмоактивных районов по данным электротомографии1

Since 2004, regular investigations with the use of electrical exploration methods have been conducting by researchers of Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS on the territory of the Gorny Altai. The electrotomography method is used to construct geoelectric models of the upper section part to depths of several tens of meters. One of the important tasks of this method is to determine characters of fault zones. Large regional Cenozoic faults are distinguished by significant shifts and are usually well manifested in relief. Intradepression interblock faults overlaid by sedimentary deposits are hard to identify by geological methods, but they are reflected mainly by zones with a reduced value of electrical resistance in sections according to electrotomography data. The paper considers practical examples of the ET method use for studying fault structures of the Gorny Altai. Analysis of the accumulated volume of electrotomography field data allowed researchers to compile typical models simulating the fault structures of this territory. The results of simulated data inversion obtained by numerical modeling of fault zones of the Gorny Altai using well-known third-party programs and proprietary developments are compared. The capabilities of different software systems are analyzed for interpretation of electrotomography data.

The archaeological sites Aul-Koshkul-1 and Novaya Kurya 1 located on the territory of the Novosibirsk region were studied. The effectiveness of UAV photography in detection of archaeological objects that are weakly expressed in the relief is shown. The world experience of using UAV photography in relation to the solution of search archaeological problems is considered, a brief overview of the hardware used is given. An effective method of obtaining orthophotoplans and relative elevation maps of the day surface is described in detail. This method makes it possible to identify new archaeological objects on the territory of the studied sites.

The archaeological sites Aul-Koshkul-1 and Novaya Kurya 1 located on the territory of the Novosibirsk region were studied. The effectiveness of UAV photography in detection of archaeological objects that are weakly expressed in the relief is shown. The world experience of using UAV photography in relation to the solution of search archaeological problems is considered, a brief overview of the hardware used is given. An effective method of obtaining orthophotoplans and relative elevation maps of the day surface is described in detail. This method makes it possible to identify new archaeological objects on the territory of the studied sites.

Summary Comprehensive geophysical studies were conducted on two archaeological sites - Ust-Tartas barrows and Tartas-1. Magnetic gradient survey has been done here before, but its effectiveness has been reduced due to littering of the area and low contrast of magnetic properties. The paper shows that electrical and electromagnetic methods significantly complement the results of magnetic surveys. Electromagnetic profiling was used to solve search problems. A detailed study of the structure of the objects found was carried out by additional methods: electrotomography and multiple-height magnetic survey.

Now, the work aimed at extracting maximum information about archaeological objects using geophysical methods is relevant. The possibilities for this give us the integration of various geophysical methods. In 2018–2019, electrical exploration works were carried out at the archaeological site Ust-Tartas mounds (Western Siberia). The sites for these works were selected based on magnetic survey data. The purpose of the research was to obtain additional information on the parameters of archaeological objects and to compare the possibilities of different geophysical methods. Several different magnetic anomalies were chosen for the studies. Methods of electromagnetic frequency sounding, electrotomography and georadiolocation were used. We were able to refine the length, width, depth of objects, and their configuration. The type of objects studied (burial or pit, settlement complex) is defined. The most informative results, which complement the magnetic survey data, are obtained using the electrotomography method.

In the regions of high seismic activity, investigations of fault zones are of paramount importance as such zones can generate seismicity. A top task in the regional studies is determining the rates of activity from the data obtained by geoelectrical methods, especially considering the data on the faults covered by sediments. From a practical standpoint, the results of these studies are important for seismic zoning and forecasting of natural and anthropogenic geodynamic phenomena that may potentially occur in the populated areas and zones allocated for construction of industrial and civil objects, pipelines, roads, bridges, etc. Seismic activity in Gorny Altai is regularly monitored after the destructive 2003 Chuya earthquake (M=7.3) by the non-stationary electromagnetic sounding with galvanic and inductive sources of three modifications. From the long-term measurements that started in 2007 and continue in the present, electrical resistivity and electrical anisotropy are determined. Our study aimed to estimate the variations of these electrophysical parameters in the zone influenced by the fault, consider the intensity of the variations in comparison with seismicity indicators, and attempt at determining the degree of activity of the faults. Based on the results of our research, we propose a technique for measuring and interpreting the data sets obtained by a complex of non-stationary sounding modifications. The technique ensures a more precise evaluation of the electrophysical parameters. It is concluded that the electric anisotropy coefficient can be effectively used to characterize the current seismicity, and its maximum variations, being observed in the zone influenced by the fault, are characteristic of the fault activity. The use of two electrophysical parameters enhances the informativeness of the study.

В работе представлены, результаты двухлетнего мониторинга состояния тундры, на территории научно-исследовательской станции на острове Самойловский. Работы проводились компактной аппаратурой индукционного зондирования, что само по себе является достаточно уникальным. Полученные результаты помогли избежать аварийной ситуации, что в тяжелых условиях крайнего северо, особенно опасно.

Культово-погребальный комплекс Алтынказган располагается на полуострове Мангышлак, на восточном берегу Каспийского моря. При проведении геофизических работ были использованы 2 метода электроразведки. Метод сопротивлений, представленный в варианте электротомографии при помощи оборудования «Скала-48» и метод индукционного зондирования. Целью геофизического изучения объекта являлся поиск вероятных приповерхностных пустот, связанных с захоронениями. В результате, были исследованы несколько площадок. Были выделены аномальные объекты, обнаруженные двумя электроразведочными методами.

Геофизические исследования курганных могильников методом электромагнитного профилирования

Объект исследований расположен в Кемеровской области, Новокузнецкий район, в 1 км от города Мыски. Целью работ является поиск микросфер – алюмосиликатных шариков, образующихся при сжигании угля. Полимерные материалы с микросферами представляют интерес, так как используются при изготовлении различных плавсредств, в радиотехнике, в строительстве, для изоляции теплотрасс, при бурении геологоразведочных и эксплуатационных скважин. При проведении геофизических исследований использовались 2 метода электроразведки: метод сопротивлений, представленный в варианте электротомографии и метод частотного электромагнитного профилирования. По результатам опытно-методических работ установлено, что на основе проведенных исследований можно построить эффективную методику поиска и разведки залежей микросферы в теле золоотвала. После проведения дополнительных методических работ по отбору и анализу проб, методику можно дополнить количественной корреляцией между УЭС среды и концентрацией микросферы. Таким образом, есть возможность выхода на подсчет запасов микросферы.