Background Limited research has explored the relationship between occupational noise exposure and liver enzymes, particularly at the individual exposure level. This study examines the association between occupational noise exposure and liver enzyme levels and the mediating role of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods We recruited 3,427 workers from two factories in Guangzhou, China. Cumulative noise exposure (CNE) was estimated based on noise levels and years of exposure. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were obtained from medical examinations. Linear and logistic regression models, along with subgroup and mediation analyses, were employed to assess the associations between CNE and liver enzyme levels. Results Cumulative noise exposure (CNE) demonstrated a dose-response relationship with liver health indicators, with significant associations observed across different statistical models. Specifically, each 10 dB(A)-year increase in CNE was associated with a 2.10 U/L increase in ALT levels and a 26% higher risk of elevated ALT. Concurrently, categorical models revealed that workers in the highest CNE group had significantly increased risks of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT, with the most pronounced effect observed for AST. These associations were significantly strengthened by insufficient physical activity (P- for interaction<0.05). Notably, MAFLD mediated approximately 15-20% of the observed associations between CNE and liver enzymes (such as ALT and GGT). Conclusion Occupational noise exposure is positively associated with liver enzymes, with MAFLD as a partial mediator. Noise control measures and liver function monitoring may help mitigate liver dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION:Diquat-induced toxic encephalopathy remains inadequately understood. METHODS:Data on patients with acute diquat poisoning were retrospectively collected from May 2017 to May 2023. The diagnosis was confirmed qualitatively by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. A follow-up study was designed to explore the long-term health effects of diquat poisoning. RESULTS:A total of 129 patients with acute diquat poisoning were included in this study. Thirty-four patients died (27 of whom developed toxic encephalopathy) following a median dose of diquat (200 g/L) 190 mL (IQR:100-200 mL). Forty-five patients were diagnosed with toxic encephalopathy, mainly involving the brainstem, bilateral cerebellar peduncles, and basal ganglia. The development of toxic encephalopathy was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (odds ratio = 16.5; 95%CI: 6.2-43.8; P <0.001). Twenty-five of the 95 survivors were enrolled in a follow-up study. The main persistent features were peripheral nerve injuries in 20%, suspected peripheral nerve injuries in 40%, and reduced compound muscle action potential in 84%; chronic-phase encephalopathy occurred in 28%. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in the expression profiles of neuroregulatory factors, including inhibin-βA and sonic hedgehog. DISCUSSION:Toxic encephalopathy represented an important organ injury caused by acute diquat poisoning, which was strongly associated with an increased risk of death. Peripheral nerve injuries were also common at follow-up. Several limitations should be noted, including the lack of diquat concentrations, the small sample size, the short follow-up duration, and the single-center design. CONCLUSIONS:Thirty-four of 129 (26.4%) patients died from diquat poisoning. Toxic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 45 of 129 (34.9%) patients, and its development was associated with a significantly higher risk of death. Follow-up revealed peripheral nerve injuries in 20% of patients, and chronic-phase encephalopathy in 28%.

BackgroundOccupational noise exposure has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, including metabolic disorders. However, limited evidence exists regarding its association with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association between occupational noise exposure and MAFLD among automotive manufacturing workers, providing scientific evidence for the prevention and management of MAFLD in occupational populations.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 3,427 male workers from two automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou, China, was conducted in 2023. Individual occupational noise exposure levels were assessed via cumulative noise exposure (CNE). MAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound imaging and metabolic criteria, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic dysregulation. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between CNE and MAFLD, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. The interaction effects of shift work and hearing protection device use were analyzed. Mediation analysis was used to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in the relationship between CNE and MAFLD.ResultsAccording to the continuous models, each 1 dB-year increase in the CNE was associated with a 1.05-fold increased risk of MAFLD (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08). According to the categorical models, workers in the highest CNE quartile (>89.651 dB-years) had a significantly greater risk of MAFLD (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.16) than did those in the lowest quartile. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association was more pronounced among workers who did not use hearing protection devices or worked night shifts (p for interaction<0.01). Body mass index (BMI) partially mediated the association between CNE and MAFLD, accounting for 3.48% of the total effect.ConclusionOccupational noise exposure was associated with higher odds of MAFLD, and BMI partially mediated this association. Night/shift work and hearing protection use affect this relationship. These findings emphasize the need for effective noise control and occupational health interventions to mitigate MAFLD risk among workers exposed to noise.

Noise, a significant environmental stressor, has been demonstrated to induce dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the precise molecular mechanisms driving liver dysfunction in noise-induced dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism remain incompletely elucidated. Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of the NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome in the context of liver pathology. To this end, a noise-exposure rat model was established (100 dB, 4 h/day for 30 days) to investigate whether the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates noise-caused hepatic injury and dysfunction. Exposure to noise resulted in significant alterations to liver architecture and dysfunction in rats. Furthermore, we found that noise triggered assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, effects that were suppressed by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Such inhibition thereby attenuated liver damage and improved hepatic function. In conclusion, our findings indicate that noise-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes hepatic inflammation, contributing to liver injury and dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of noise-induced liver damage and dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to determine the relationship between occupational noise, shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:This study was carried out at the Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital using data from April to September 2022. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 4672 eligible participants were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Diagnosis of NAFLD was made using ultrasound. Noise was detected according to the Measurement of Physical Factors in the Workplace-Part 8: Noise. Environmental noise intensity was assessed using an EDGE personal noise dosimeter manufactured by CASELLA (UK). The working status of workers was investigated by questionnaire. RESULTS:The OR of NAFLD was 1.39 (1.03, 1.88) in the cumulative noise exposure (CNE)≥95 group compared with CNE<85 group. Improved risk of NAFLD in workers with shift work compared with those without shift work (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.68). As stratified analyses showed, the ORs of NAFLD prevalence related to occupational noise and shift work exposure appear to be increased in young workers. When both shift work and noise exposure work are present simultaneously, the synergy index between them was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.89). Combined effects analysis revealed that the OR of NAFLD was 2.02 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.99) in CNE≥95 and cumulative length of night shifts work>2920 hours. CONCLUSION:Occupational noise exposure may be an independent risk factor for NAFLD. It may synergistically affect disease when combined with night shift work, particularly among younger workers. These findings underscore the importance for companies to prioritise the management and training of younger workers, along with targeted occupational health education initiatives, as crucial measures for reducing the incidence of NAFLD.

Occupational noise has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. However, limited evidence exists regarding its association with obesity. We aim to investigate the effect of occupational noise exposure on the risk of overweight/obesity among workers, providing scientific evidence for the prevention and management of overweight/obesity in the occupational population. This study included 3427 participants from two factories in Guangzhou, China. Individual occupational noise exposure levels were assessed using cumulative noise exposure (CNE). Body mass index (BMI) data were obtained from physical examinations. Linear and logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline, as well as subgroup analyses, were used to explore the association. In continuous models, each 1 dB-year increase in CNE was significantly associated with a 0.03 (95

Objectives This study aims to predict the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model. It provides an early, simple and accurate prediction method for NIHL.Design Population based, a cross sectional study.Setting Han, China.Participants This study selected 3266 Han male workers from three automobile manufacturing industries.Primary outcome measures Information including personal life habits, occupational health test information and occupational exposure history were collected and predictive factors of NIHL were screened from these workers. BPNN and logistic regression models were constructed using these predictors.Results The input variables of BPNN model were 20, 16 and 21 important factors screened by univariate, stepwise and lasso-logistic regression. When the BPNN model was applied to the test set, it was found to have a sensitivity (TPR) of 83.33%, a specificity (TNR) of 85.92%, an accuracy (ACC) of 85.51%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 52.85%, a negative predictive value of 96.46% and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is: 0.926 (95% CI: 0.891 to 0.961), which demonstrated the better overall properties than univariate-logistic regression modelling (AUC: 0.715) (95% CI: 0.652 to 0.777). The BPNN model has better predictive performance against NIHL than the stepwise-logistic and lasso-logistic regression model in terms of TPR, TNR, ACC, PPV and NPV (p<0.05); the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of NIHL is also higher than that of the stepwise and lasso-logistic regression model (p<0.05). It was a relatively important factor in NIHL to find cumulative noise exposure, auditory system symptoms, age, listening to music or watching video with headphones, exposure to high temperature and noise exposure time in the trained BPNN model.Conclusions The BPNN model was a valuable tool in dealing with the occupational risk prediction problem of NIHL. It can be used to predict the risk of an individual NIHL.

Background Noise pollution pervades daily working and living environment, becoming a serious public health problem. In addition to causing auditory impairment, noise independently contributes to cognitive decline as a risk factor. Though neuroinflammation plays an important role in noise-induced cognitive deficits, the mechanisms underlying noise-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus are still poorly understood. Glial hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in noise-induced cognitive impairment remains to be further investigated. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 dB white noise (4 h/day) for 30 days with or without injection of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 (10 mg/kg/day). The Morris water maze (MWM) test and the open field test (OFT) were performed to evaluate learning and memory ability of rats. HE staining was used to explore hippocampal pathological changes, while immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate the number and morphology of microglia and astrocytes. The mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus were examined by Real-time PCR. The protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory cytokines, p-Tau-S396, and amyloid-β (Aβ) 42 in the hippocampus were examined by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the distribution of NLRP3 in glial cells and neurons, and the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Results We found that noise exposure induced learning and memory impairment in rats, mainly related to the activation of microglia and astrocytes in hippocampus region. Noise exposure increased the protein levels of p-Tau-S396, Aβ42, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus. Furthermore, the hippocampus of noise-exposed rats showed elevated protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1. The co-labeled immunofluorescence levels of Iba-1 or GFAP with NLRP3 significantly increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 intervention reversed chronic noise-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, AD-like pathologies and impairment of learning and memory in rats. Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation played an essential role in chronic noise-induced cognitive dysfunction. These results provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits caused by chronic noise.

The concurrent assessment of methanol, ethanol, and formic acid is imperative for accurate clinical toxicology diagnosis in cases of methanol poisoning. Here, we reported a very simple and reliable headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) method for simultaneous quantitative determination of methanol, ethanol and formic acid in blood samples. The derivatization variables for formic acid were optimized. The method exhibits high sensitivity, good selectivity and effective separation factor for methanol (6.51 min), ethanol (8.29 min), and formic acid (11.41 min). The method demonstrates excellent reproducibility and accuracy. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 3.14-5.83 mu g/ mL and 10.47-19.34 mu g/mL, respectively. Finally, this method was successfully used for measuring the levels of methanol, ethanol, and formic acid in the serum of patients involved in actual methanol poisoning incidents.

Background: Analysis on the burden of specific types of road injuries (RIs) in the previous Global burden of disease (GBD) studies is lacking. The present work aimed to analyze the burden of three common RIs using the updated data of the GBD 2019, which would inform policy-making.Methods: Data on cyclist road injuries (CRIs), motorcyclist road injuries (MRIs), and motor vehicle road injuries (MVRIs) were extracted from the GBD 2019. Trends of age-standardized rate (ASR) were predicted using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) from 1990 to 2019.Results: Over the past three decades, the global incident ASRs of CRIs and MRIs presented increasing trends, but that of MVRIs declined slightly. However, trends of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by three common RIs decreased in most regions and countries. Particularly, trends in ASRs of years of life lost (YLLs) cuased by RIs decreased more pronouncedly than that of years of life lived with disability (YLDs). The burden of three common RIs showed significant social and demographic characteristics. Low-middle and middle sociodemographic index (SDI) areas had a heavy burden of RIs, particularly CRIs and MRIs. However, the high SDI area undertook a relatively low burden, and presented more pronounced downward trends in death and DALYs.Conclusions: The burden and changing trends of three common RIs were geographically heterogeneous. The findings highlighted that increasing incident trends of RIs needed more cost-effective measures of prevention and intervention.

随着大数据时代的发展,职业健康大数据的应用受到越来越多研究者的关注.概述了大数据在职业健康领域的来源特征、发展现状以及需要关注的问题.通过梳理职业健康大数据在职业病防治、群体职业卫生管理和个人职业安全的应用情况,对职业健康大数据的来源、应用和储存过程中应注意的问题提出建议.加大职业健康大数据的应用分析可以为预测职业人群的健康状况提供数据支撑,加快职业病预测模型的应用,实现职业病防治的精准防控.

于血浆中加入硫酸异丙醇溶液,在自动顶空进样器中加热,甲酸与异丙醇发生酯化反应生成甲酸异丙酯经气相色谱分离,以质谱检测,外标法定量.结果显示,血中甲酸浓度在0.00～97.60 μg/ml时线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.25 μg/ml,定量下限0.75 μg/ml,加标回收率为97.1％～99.3％,批内精密度0.8％～6.9％,批间精密度1.3％～5.6％.该方法前处理简单,自动化程度高,特异性好,灵敏度、准确度、精密度高,可用于血中甲酸的测定.

目的 建立自动顶空-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定尿中甲酸.方法 取3mL尿样加入3mL体积分数为15.00％的硫酸乙醇溶液,样品在自动顶空进样器中加热,甲酸与乙醇在80℃下发生酯化反应,生成的甲酸乙酯经气相色谱分离,质谱检测,外标法定量.结果 本方法在2.93～97.60 mg/L内线性相关系数为0.999 5;方法检出限为0.65 mg/L,定量下限为2.17 mg/L;加标回收率为95.61％～106.47％;批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.52％～8.05％,批间RSD为6.58％～8.42％.结论 自动顶空-GC-MS联用法前处理简单,特异性好,精密度高,干扰少,可用于职业接触人群、急性甲醇中毒患者和普通人群尿液甲酸水平的大批量快速测定.

Genetic factors and gene-environment interaction may play an important role in the development of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). 191 cases and 191 controls were selected by case–control study. Among them, case groups were screened from workers exposed to noise in binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB (A). Workers with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB (A) in any binaural frequency band were selected to the control group, based on matching factors such as age, exposure time to noise, and operating position. The blood samples from two groups of workers were subjected to DNA extraction and SNP sequencing of CASP3 and CASP7 genes using the polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction method. Conditional logistic regression correction was used to analyze the genetic variation associated with susceptibility to NIHL. There was an association between rs2227310 and rs4353229 of the CASP7 gene and the risk of NIHL. Compared with the GG genotype, the CC genotype of rs2227310 reduced the risk of NIHL. Compared with CC genotype, the TT genotype of rs4353229 reduced the risk of NIHL. Workers carrying the rs2227310GG and rs4353229CC genotype had an increased risk of NIHL compared to workers without any high-risk genotype. There were additive interaction and multiplication interaction between CASP7rs2227310 and CNE, and the same interaction between CASP7rs4353229 and CNE. The interaction between the CASP7 gene and CNE significantly increased the risk of NIHL. The genetic polymorphisms of CASP7rs2227310GG and CASP7rs4353229CC were associated with an increased risk of NIHL in Han Chinese population and have the potential to act as biomarkers for noise-exposed workers.

目的 了解2018年广州市某区职业卫生管理人员职业病防治知识、态度和行为(KAP)的影响因素,为提出减少职业病的干预措施提供参考,探讨KAP对职业病防治工作的影响.方法 对整群抽取的543位职业卫生管理人员进行电子问卷调查并进行KAP的影响因素分析.结果 调查543位企业职业卫生管理人员基本特征的KAP得分差异发现,男性平均行为得分(27.22±2.98)高于女性(26.51±4.04),差异有统计学意义(P,＜0.05);文化程度越高和工作时长越短,知识得分和KAP总分越高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,文化程度可能是影响KAP总分高低的保护因素,患有慢性非传染性疾病可能是影响KAP总分高低的危险因素.结论 文化程度水平可能是影响企业管理人员KAP总分高低的重要因素,应加大对文化程度较低和患有慢性非传染性疾病的企业职业管理人员的教育培训和监督管理干预,并建立完善的职业安全健康管理模式,从而整体提高企业的职业卫生管理水平.

[目的]评价中文版工作内容量表(job content questionnaire,JCQ22)在噪声作业工人中的信度和效度,检验该量表应用于噪声作业人群中的可推广性.[方法]采取自愿填写的方式,对500名某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人进行JCQ22的问卷调查,并随机抽取其中40位调查者,间隔两周后进行重复调查.问卷的信度采用内部一致性信度和重测信度进行分析;内容效度采用相关分析,结构效度采用探索性因子进行分析.[结果]本次问卷中的工作内容量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.933,问卷的内部一致性信度较好;重复调查结果显示两次的测得得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且量表中三个维度两次测评的相关系数均大于0.9(P＜ 0.01),说明重测一致性好;各维度得分与量表总得分的相关系数均大于0.8(P＜ 0.01),说明内容效度较高;探索性因子分析结果显示:KMO值为0.933,Bartlett球形检验值为7 835.941 (P＜ 0.01),表示各变量间有一定的相关性,适合因子分析;提取4个公因子,解释的累计方差贡献率达66.583％,进行方差最大正交旋转,4个公因子的条目载荷与工作内容量表的结构框架基本一致.[结论]中文版工作内容量表(JCQ22)具有较好的信度和效度,能够较好地反映噪声作业工人的职业紧张状况,适用于评价噪声作业工人的心理状况.

电子制造业的兴起使其人力资源需求增大,劳动者的职业健康问题值得关注.工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)是一种常见的工作相关疾病,在许多国家已列为职业病.本文概述了电子制造业工人WMSDs患病情况,探讨影响电子制造业工人WMSDs的危险因素,为有效控制职业性肌肉骨骼损伤提供帮助.

[目的]探讨噪声作业工人患高血压的影响因素,建立高血压风险模型及个体预测工具.[方法]选取2017年2家汽车制造企业的4 951名男性噪声作业工人为研究对象,以职业健康检查及现场调查资料为基础,分析高血压患病情况.采用lasso-logistic回归分析法筛选作业工人患高血压的影响因素,建立列线图预测模型,并使用ROC曲线和决策曲线分析评价模型的实用性,应用自抽样法进行模型内部验证.[结果]4 951名研究对象平均年龄(29.9±4.5)岁,高血压检出率为6.65％.lasso-logistic回归分析得出:累积噪声暴露量90.1～95.0 dB(A)·年组、95.1～100.0 dB(A)·年组及＞100.0 dB(A)·年组发生高血压风险分别是≤90.0dB(A)·年组的4.666倍、11.810倍、9.785倍(P均＜0.01);听阈提高组发生高血压的风险是正常组的1.348倍(JP＜0.05);年龄31～ 35岁组、≥36岁组发生高血压的风险分别是≤25岁组的3.669倍、7.353倍(P均＜0.01);高血红蛋白组发生高血压的风险是正常组的1.498倍(P＜0.01);对噪声作业工人高血压有影响的其他危险因素还包括超重或肥胖、脂肪肝、空腹高血糖(OR值为1.448～ 5.839,P＜0.05).高血压风险预测列线图模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.705,经内部验证后,C指数为0.696.决策曲线分析表明,列线图模型在阈值概率超过0.03的情况下进行高血压的预防干预具有意义.[结论]噪声作业工人有更高的患高血压的风险,年龄、BMI和其他个体因素对血压也有影响.基于lasso-logistic回归制作的高血压风险列线图预测模型具有一定的准确性和可操作性.

目的 了解广东省某市农村生活饮用水水质卫生状况,为改善该市农村生活饮用水卫生质量提供科学依据.方法 分别于2013-2017年丰水期和枯水期对某市5个县区的水质监测点进行农村生活饮用水水样采集,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行检测,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价.结果 2013-2017年某市5个县区共检测农村生活饮用水样本2 238份,各项指标全部合格905份,总合格率为40.44％;各年合格率分别为33.11％、31.04％、37.19％、42.94％、70.57％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).枯水期总合格率为40.19％(455/1 132),丰水期总合格率为40.69％ (450/1 106),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不合格指标主要有色度、浑浊度、pH值、肉眼可见物、耗氧量、锰、铁、铝、氯化物、臭与味、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数,其中总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数的合格率分别为70.02％、73.48％、84.94％.结论 2013-2017年某市农村生活饮用水水质合格率呈逐年上升趋势,不合格项目主要以微生物指标为主,应加强水源防护和水质消毒处理,确保饮用水的安全性.