The review considers the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues in treating the conditions consequent to ischemia (circulation injury) and subsequent reperfusion (blood supply restoration) of organs and tissues. MSC modification methods to improve the treatment efficacy are described. A potential effect in treating frostbites is hypothesized for MSCs.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells is an effective treatment strategy for a number of retinal degenerative diseases. The poor survival of these cells after transplantation is the limiting factor of this approach. It was shown previously that the cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia can increase their proliferative activity. We assumed that this method of cultivation will improve the viability of these cells after their transplantation into the subretinal space. To this end, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from the red bone marrow of mice, characterized their phenotype, their ability to differentiate in the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic directions, as well as their proliferative activity after cultivation under hypoxia (5% oxygen in the atmosphere) and normoxia (21% oxygen in the atmosphere). Red bone marrow cells were obtained in the same way from C57 Black mice carrying the GFP gene. These cells were loaded with magnetic microparticles after preliminary cultivation under normoxia (the control) and hypoxia (the experiment) and injected subretinally to rabbits. The cells were held at the injection site using a magnetic implant that prevented their migration. Cell survival was evaluated on the 3rd, 5th, 9th, 12th, and 15th days using fluorescence microscopy and optical coherence tomography. According to the obtained data, the cells grown under hypoxic conditions remained viable in the subretinal space for 9 days, while the cells that grew under normoxia conditions died after 6 days. Thus, pre-cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions can increase their viability after transplantation into the subretinal space, which can be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the retina.

Quantitative determination of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other soluble protein molecules in various biological fluids is a routine task of modern diagnostics and biomedicine; however, currently existing methods of analysis include several stages and take a long time. This paper presents a protocol that allows determination of an analyte concentration in a sample within a few minutes using biomolecule layer interferometry. Conditioned media in which mouse mesenchymal stem cells were grown under normoxia and hypoxia in the form of monolayer, 3D cell sheets, or 3D spheroids were used as a model system, in which the concentration of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor) was determined. The method showed high sensitivity (at least 0.10 ng/mL of VEGF-A). The obtained values of VEGF-A concentrations in mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media were close to the values determined by enzyme immunoassay. Using biomolecule layer interferometry, a significant 2.5–3.0 fold increase in VEGF-A production by spheroids and cell sheets of mesenchymal stem cells was found in comparison with the cells grown in a monolayer. Thus, the developed protocol made it possible to adapt the method of biomolecule layer interferometry for rapid quantitative analysis of growth factors in the conditioned media.

Abstract—A rapid increase in the concentration of free radicals and reactive oxygen species at the reperfusion stage is the most dangerous stage of ischemia–reperfusion injury. An avalanche-like increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and secondary products of free radical oxidation of biological macromolecules leads to the development of oxidative stress. The use of exogenous antioxidants can reduce the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the affected tissues and suppress or correct the course of oxidative stress; thus, it significantly reduces the severity of ischemia–reperfusion injury. Acute ischemic renal failure is one of the most important social problems in a comprehensive list of pathologies associated with ischemia–reperfusion. The nephroprotective effect of a chimeric PSH antioxidant enzyme that includes human peroxiredoxin 6 and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase of Escherichia coli has been shown on an animal model of bilateral ischemia–reperfusion renal injury. The recombinant chimeric PSH protein was able to neutralize a maximally possible wide range of reactive oxygen species due to the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. It has been shown with histological, biochemical, and molecular biological methods that the preliminary administration of the chimeric PSH protein before ischemia–reperfusion significantly reduced the degree of renal tissue injury and led to a quick normalization of their structural and functional state. In addition, the administration of the PSH enzyme increased the survival of experimental animals by a factor of more than 1.5. The use of the recombinant chimeric PSH enzyme can be an effective approach in the prevention and treatment of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury, as well as for maintaining an isolated kidney during transplantation.

Quantitative analysis of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and other soluble proteins in different biological liquids is routinely performed in contemporary diagnostics and biomedicine research. However, current methods of analysis are time-consuming and include multiple steps. In this study, we have developed a protocol that describes how bio-layer interferometry can be applied to quantify an analyte in several minutes. Conditioned growth media collected from mouse mesenchymal stem cells grown in normoxia or hypoxic conditions in a monolayer fashion, MSC-derived 3D cell sheets and 3D spheroids were used as a model system in which we determined a concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). This technique displayed a high sensitivity (down to 0.1 ng of VEGF-A per mL as a minimum). The measured concentrations of VEGF-A in the conditioned media from mesenchymal stem cells turned out to be similar with values determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using bio-layer interferometry, it was shown that as compared to mesenchymal stem cells grown in monolayer, spheroids and 3D sheets of mesenchymal stem cells produce significantly more VEGF-A (by 2.5-3.0-fold). Thus, due to the developed protocol it was possible to adapt bio-layer interferometry for rapid quantification of growth factors in conditioned media.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells is an effective treatment strategy for a number of retinal degenerative diseases. Limited survival of these cells following transplantation remains a significant barrier in achieving a therapeutic effect. It has been shown earlier that hypoxia-grown mesenchymal stem cells display enhanced proliferative activity. We hypothesized that such cultivation condition could be beneficial for successful injection of these cells into the subretinal region. For this purpose, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from mouse red bone marrow, described phenotypic characterization and the ability of these cells to chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and proliferative activity in hypoxic (5% of oxygen in the atmosphere) and normoxic (21% of oxygen in the atmosphere) conditions. In the same manner, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from red bone marrow obtained from GFP-expressing C57 black mice. After preliminary cultivation under normoxia (control cells) or hypoxia (experimental cells), the cells were loaded with magnetic particles and injected into the subretinal region of rabbit eyes...

The organization of accounting frequency, scope and effectiveness of first medical aid measures could significantly affect improvement of the first aid system in the Russian Federation. According to the score of severity of injury - Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS-90) and the Injury Severity Scale (ISS) and experts review 23.4% of road accident victims who died before the arrival of emergency medical care had survival probability of more than 50%. The total number of first aid cases before the arrival of the ambulance is only 4.4% of all victims of road traffic crashes. More than 60% of victims needed first aid care and treatment. All reporting statistical forms in force in the Russian Federation at the moment do not provide data for accounting cases of first aid. The developed and tested new registration form "First Aid Registration Card", containing necessary indicators of first aid effectiveness, permits quickly to fill out main indicators data of the victim condition and to complete first aid measures. Also it allows to assess the impact of first aid on mortality, disability and timing of temporary disability loss.

Целями данного обзора являются систематизация научных данных и оценка перспектив использования мезенхимальных стволовых клеток для лечения травм различного генеза в условиях Арктики. Рассмотрены возможные источники мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, барьеры и ограничения, связанные с их использованием, и стратегии для улучшения их терапевтических свойств (библ.: 33 ист.).

 alex-sheih@ya.ru Abstract We investigate the gas-sensitive properties of the sensor comprising “glass substrate – chitosan film – air gap – the lateral exciting electric field resonator (LFE)”. The resonator is made using a PZT-19 piezoceramic plate with a thickness of 2.54 mm and shear dimensions of 20 × 18 mm 2 with two rectangular aluminum electrodes with dimensions of 20 × 7 mm 2 and a 4 mm gap between them. The polar axis is oriented perpendicular to the gap between the electrodes. We use films of chitosan lactate and chitosan glycolate, as gas-sensitive films, whose sorption properties are studied in regard to water vapor, ethanol, and aqueous solution of ammonia (10%-wt.). It has been established that the resonance frequency of the parallel resonance and maximum value of the real part of the electrical impedance of the studied structures substantially have decreased for both types of films in the presence of vapors of the test analytes and have been completely restored after removing the vapor from

Цель - изучение влияния трансплантации стромально-васкулярной фракции (СВФ), культивированных мультипотентных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (ММСК) жировой ткани и введения паракринных факторов кондиционной среды, полученных при культивировании ММСК, на течение тяжелых местных радиационных поражений кожи. Методика. Крыс инбредной линии Wistar-Kyoto облучали на рентгеновской установке в дозе 110 Гр, при мощности дозы 20,0 Гр/мин. Напряжение на трубке 30 кВ, ток 6,1 мА, фильтр Al толщиной 0,1 мм, площадь поля облучения составляла 8,5 см2. Трансплантацию клеток СВФ жировой ткани проводили двукратно в дозах 2,2 х 106 и 3,0 х 106 на 28-е и 35-е сут после облучения, соответственно. Культивированные ММСК вводили в дозах 2,8 × 106 и 3,4 × 106 на 28-е и 35-е сут после действия радиации. Паракринные факторы кондиционной среды вводили пятикратно с 1-х по 10-е сут после облучения, подкожно по 1,0 мл (общий белок 8 мг/мл). Тяжесть лучевого поражения кожи и эффекты терапии оценивали в динамике по клиническим проявлениям, с помощью планиметрии и патоморфологических методов. Результаты. Выбранный режим радиационного воздействия вызывал тяжелые лучевые поражения кожи с длительно (до 5 мес) незаживающими язвами. Площадь лучевых язв у крыс контрольной группы в период с 28-х до 84-х сут медленно уменьшалась от 2,73±0,17 см2 до 1,52±0,17 см2, а через 4 и 5 мес после облучения составляла 0,52±0,15 см2 и 0,05±0,04 см2, соответственно. Во всех опытных группах после 84-х сут отмечалась тенденция к снижению площади лучевых язв, а через 4 мес после облучения уменьшение площади язв и снижение тяжести поражения в опытных группах по сравнению с контролем были статистически значимыми (р < 0,05). У 70-80 % крыс в опытных группах через 4 мес после облучения наблюдалась полная эпителизация радиационных ран с образованием атрофического рубца, а в контрольной группе в этот период атрофические рубцы наблюдались лишь у 40% крыс. Заключение. Трансплантация СВФ жировой ткани или культивированных ММСК, а также введение паракринных факторов кондиционной среды способствуют усилению регенераторных процессов в пораженной ткани, и могут быть в равной степени эффективны при терапии тяжелых лучевых поражений кожи в эксперименте. Aim. To study effects of stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) transplantation, cultured multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSC) of adipose tissue, and administration of paracrine factors of the conditioned MMSC culture medium on the course of severe, local radiation lesions of the skin. Methods. Wistar-Kyoto rats were irradiated with X-rays at a dose of 110 Gy and a dose rate of 20.0 Gy/min. The tube voltage was 30 kV, current - 6.1 mA, filter -0.1 mm thick A1, and irradiation field area - 8.5 cm2. Transplantation of adipose tissue SVF cells was performed twice at doses of 2.2 x 106 and 3.0 x 106 on the 28th and 35th days after irradiation, respectively. Cultured MMSC was administered at doses of 2.8 x 106 and 3,4 x 106 on the 28th and 35th days after irradiation. Paracrine factors of the conditioned medium were administered five times from the 1st to the 10th day after irradiation at a dose of 1.0 ml, s.c. (total protein, 8 mg/ml). Severity of radiation damage of the skin and effects of the therapy were followed up by clinical manifestations using planar geometry and pathomorphological methods. Results. Radiation exposure under the specified conditions caused severe radiation injuries of the skin with nonhealing ulcers that persisted for up to 5 months after irradiation. In control rats the area of radiation ulcers slowly decreased between the 28th and 84th days from 2.73 ± 0.17 cm2 to 1.52 ± 0.17 cm2, respectively, and was 0.52 ± 0.15 cm2 and 0.05 ± 0.04 cm2 at 4 and 5 months after irradiation. In all experimental groups, the healing was more intensive after the 84th day with a tendency to decrease the area of radiation ulcers; at 4 months after irradiation, statistically significant decreases in the area of ulcers and severity of lesions were observed in the experimental groups compared to the control (p <0.05). At four months after irradiation, 70-80% of rats in the treatment groups showed complete epithelialization of radiation wounds with formation of an atrophic scar whereas in the control group during the same period, atrophic scars were observed only in 40% of rats. Conclusion. Transplantation of adipose-derived SVF or cultured adipose tissue MMSC as well as administration of paracrine factors of the conditioned medium contributed to the enhancement of regenerative processes in the affected tissue and can be equally effective in the treatment of severe experimental radiation lesions of the skin.