Orthopedic treatment was performed in 53 patients with postoperative defects in the orbital area during 1969–2012. The developed practical guidelines could improve the cosmetic aspects of ectoprostheses, their fixation, and quality of life in the patients.

The fates of 450 patients with different defects of the upper jaw and midfacial tissues were traced after maxillofacial replacement were traced. The follow-up was 1 to 15 years. The immediate and late results of orthopedic treatment were studied using the follow-up and assessed from both the underlying disease and the degree of functional and cosmetic efficiency of orthopedic apparatuses.

MEN 2B syndrome is a subtype of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. It is characterized by the development of aggressive forms of medullary thyroid cancer at an early age, pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroid syndrome. This article provides an own clinical observation of the patient with MEN 2B syndrome associated with a mutation in the proto-oncogene RET.

to an oncologist, the diagnostic-stage depth of mental disorders was rather various: from mild asthenia to depression. Thus, 88 (100 %) patients were found to have an anxious feeling, 16 (18.2 %) had affective-shock reac-tions; 7 (7.9 %) had reactive depression. In the postoperative period, anxiety-depressive syndrome gave way to astheno-depressive one. After hospital discharge, the reactive state became less tense during psychosocial readaptation, the characteriological personality changes were increasingly more pronounced in the forefront in the patients. They became anxious, suspicious, unconfident about themselves, sensitive, tried to avoid difficult situations in life. The circle of interests was limited to thoughts on their own health. Combination therapy with psycho-tropic drugs was used to correct the mental status of patients with acquired maxillary defects in the study group. The dosage of the drugs was individually adjusted according to the degree of psychopathological manifestations.

The aim was to determine the different regiments of adjuvant therapy after radical surgery in patients with oral cancer based on the prognostic factors. 2-years disease-free survival in group with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 71.4%; in the adjuvant radiotherapy group - 66.2%. The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy demonstrated only 57% 2-years disease-free survival. Our results demonstrate that adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy combined with cisplatin is more effective in treatment of the patients with oral cancer.

Examination of 220 patients was performed using ultrasound investigation (USI) in B-regimen, color and energy Doppler encoding, 3D-reconstruction of image and sonoelastography. There were 49 recurrences in the regional lymph nodes. Main semiotic signs of regional recurrences were identified. USI with the application of the methods described is highly informative: sensitivity--94.2%, specificity--92.5%, accuracy--91.7%.

Orthopedic treatment was performed in 103 patients with postoperative facial soft tissue defects in 1969-2011. The developed practical recommendations could improve the cosmetic aspects of facial prostheses and their fixation and quality of life in patients.

Speech quality was evaluated in 188 patients with acquired maxillary defects. Prosthetic treatment of 29 patients was preceded by pharmacopsychotherapy. Sixty three patients had lessons with a logopedist and 66 practiced self-tuition based on the specially developed test. Thirty patients were examined for the quality of speech without preliminary preparation. Speech quality was assessed by auditory and spectral analysis. The main forms of impaired speech quality in the patients with maxillary defects were marked rhinophonia and impaired articulation. The proposed analytical tests were based on a combination of "difficult" vowels and consonants. The use of a removable prostheses with an obturator failed to correct the affected speech function but created prerequisites for the formation of the correct speech stereotype. Results of the study suggest the relationship between the quality of speech in subjects with maxillary defects and their intellectual faculties as well as the desire to overcome this drawback. The proposed tests are designed to activate the neuromuscular apparatus responsible for the generation of the speech. Lessons with a speech therapist give a powerful emotional incentive to the patients and promote their efforts toward restoration of speaking ability. Pharmacopsychotherapy and self-control are another efficacious tools for the improvement of speech quality in patients with maxillary defects.

Immunoenzymatic investigation demonstrated elevation of urokinase type plasminogen activation (uPA level) accompanied by an increase of PAI-1 level in oral cavity carcinomas as compared to adjacent mucosa. No statistically significant associations were revealed between the levels of the proteins studied and such prognostic factors as localization, growth form, histological structure and differentiation grade of primary tumor, its size and spread, lymph node involvement, disease stage.

В последние 10 лет в онкологии появилось новое направление – таргетная терапия, которая постепенно вводится в стандарты лечения некоторых злокачественных новообразований. Для разработки таргетных препаратов используется научно обоснованный подход с проведением клинических исследований при определенном ограниченном круге опухолей, в которых высока частота экспрессии молекулярных мишеней для конкретного таргетного препарата. Одной из таких мишеней стали рецепторы к эпидермальному фактору роста (EGFR), ответственные за процесс передачи стимулирующего сигнала к ядру опухолевой клетки и, соответственно, к запуску активного деления клетки. Согласно ранее проведенным исследованиям гиперэкспрессия EGFR в опухоли сочетается с высоким риском развития метастазов, формированием резистентности к химио - и эндокринотерапии, снижением как безрецидивной, так и общей выживаемости [1]. Высокая экспрессия EGFR наблюдается при раке толстой кишки, головы и шеи, немелкоклеточном раке легкого, раке поджелудочной железы и раке шейки матки. При метастатическом раке толстой кишки у 82% пациентов обнаружена гиперэкспрессия EGFR-рецепторов [2]. К препаратам, блокирующим EGFR-сигнальный путь, относятся препараты, которые взаимодействуют с экстрацеллюлярным доменом рецептора, такие как Цетуксимаб, Матузумаб, Панитумумаб, и представляют собой моноклональные антитела (МАб), и малые молекулы, блокирующие процесс фосфорилирования тирозинкиназного (внутриклеточного) домена, – Гефитиниб и Эрлотиниб.В преклинических исследованиях Цетуксимаб показал высокую противоопухолевую активность и продемонстрировал синергизм в комбинации с химиотерапией, особенно с Иринотеканом, Цисплатином и лучевой терапией. На ксенографтных клетках НТ 29 и DLD1 опухоли толстой кишки комбинация Цетуксимаба с Иринотеканом тормозила рост опухоли намного больше, чем каждый препарат в монорежиме (p=0,05), и Цетуксимаб вызывал гибель опухолевых клеток, которые были резистентны к Иринотекану