[目的]研究转基因玉米种子对储藏物昆虫的影响.[方法]通过比较转基因玉米和非转基因玉米营养成分的差异,分析转基因玉米对5种储藏物昆虫取食偏好性、体重和体长的影响.[结果]转基因玉米较非转基因玉米有更高的蛋白质含量,二者主要营养成分含量差别不大;与非转基因玉米相比,赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和玉米象显著偏好选择转基因玉米,而米象和锯谷盗显著偏好选择非转基因玉米;转基因玉米对5种储藏昆虫的体长均没有显著影响,但取食转基因玉米饲料后赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和锯谷盗的体重分别增加了约0.55、0.64和0.42倍,玉米象和米象的体重分别降低了约26.78％和33.15％.[结论]转基因玉米对不同昆虫的选择偏好性影响不同,增加了粉食性昆虫的体重,降低了蛀蚀性昆虫的体重.该研究结果将为指导转基因玉米的品种选育以及其产后储存期间害虫的防治提供科学依据.

为探讨紫光灯对储粮害虫的引诱作用,本文在试验室内测试了2种紫光灯对赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱效果.结果显示,自第12～60h起,白色、黑色紫光灯对赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱数量均超过对照区的虫数,并且至试验结束时紫光灯的引诱数量持续增加.通过对比5d的总诲捕率发现,白色紫光灯引诱印度谷螟的数量显著高于赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗的教量,而黑色紫光灯对害虫引诱活性的排序为印度谷螟＞赤拟谷盗＞杂拟谷盗;黑色紫光灯对赤拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱活性高于白色紫光灯,而白色紫光灯对杂拟谷盗的引诱活性高于黑色紫光灯.

[Objective]The study was to control the damage on tobacco and other storage from Oryzaephilus surinamensis. [Method]The irradiation effects of electronic beam on the larvaes and adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis in tobacco were studied.[Result] The larvae was the more sensitive stage than the adult. LD 50 of the larvae and adult at 21days after irradiation was 67.6 Gy and 104.2 Gy,respectively.300 Gy could prevent the development from its larvae to adult,and the larvae would die out within 35 days.When receiving a dose of 300 Gy,the adult would die out within 49 days,and no new generation was found.[Conclusion]The dose of 300 Gy irradiation was recommended for the control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus).

本文在仓库内评价了多孔淀粉包埋的昆虫引诱剂对书虱的诱捕效果.结果显示:在试验的72d内,多孔淀粉诱芯引诱书虱的平均数量始终保持在1 463头以上,而同剂量的硅胶垫诱芯引诱书虱的平均数量从第7d开始就逐渐下降.从试验的第28d开始至试验结束,多孔淀粉诱芯引诱书虱的平均数量显著高于硅胶垫诱芯.改变引诱剂和多孔淀粉的配比会影响诱芯引诱书虱的效果,总体来看,2g多孔淀粉+1mL引诱剂制得的诱芯的引诱效果最好.由于多孔淀粉诱芯具有缓释效果好、无污染、无残留,对粮食安全等优点,因此在储粮害虫的引诱技术中有很好的应用前景.

Four methods for detecting phosphine resistance of stored grain pests were described,including traditional and improved FAO method,rapid knockdown time method and molecular method. The characteristics of four methods were reviewed and their interactions were discussed. Recent molecular researches on phosphine resistance,especially in stored product pests,were also introduced.