The article describes modern views on etiology and pathogenesis of various variants of hypophosphatemic rickets and main approaches to diagnostics and treatment of this disease; it also presents a range of clinical cases from the authors’ practice.

Among pediatricians — nephrologists there is no unified point of view on the appropriateness of the use of the term «Chronic kidney disease» (CKD) and its classification worked out by an international group of experts’ of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) based on studies in adults. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between the frequency of important symptoms (arterial hypertension (AG), anemia) of CKD with its stages in children. The study involved 295 patients with CKD: 213 children with glomerulopathy, 82 children — with nonglomerular diseases. We found positive correlations between the frequency of AG and anemia with CKD stages. The most significant differences were found between early and late stages of CKD. The nature of the kidney damage produced less impact on the frequency of these symptoms. Given the need for continuity professionals and international harmonization of terminology, it is appropriate to continue the search for markers of cardiovascular disease in the early stages of CKD, as well as to set target values of blood pressure and hemoglobin, depending on the stage of CKD in children.

Often under the guise of «ordinary» Rickets are more severe kidney diseases, developing as a result of inherited or acquired, primary or secondary defects in the renal tubules. Incorrect diagnosis leads to an inadequate therapy, rapid progression of disease and renal failure. The article describes the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of tubular rachitis similar syndrome, presents a number of clinical cases in author's practice.Key words: tubulopathy, acidosis, electrolyte disorders, rickets, rickets-like syndrome, diagnostics, treatment, children.

Pathology of kidneys and urinary tracts are some of the most widespread in infancy. The «discreet» course of a number of diseases quite often results in diagnostics only at the stage of progression into chronic kidney insufficiency. It is very important to notice the changes in the condition of a child and consult the nephrologist. In this article authors cover relevant issues of diagnostics and treatment of children with pathology of kidney and urinary tract.Key words: kidney diseases, diagnostics, children.

The article provides a substantiation for the differential diagnostics of the symptomatic arterial hypertension of a 4 year old child, suffering from the arterial hypertension of the presumably renoparenchymal origin. In the course of the clinical examination, the researchers found out coarctation of aorta and hypoplasia of the right renal artery as a part of Shereshevsky-Terner syndrome.Key words: arterial hypertension, Shereshevsky-Terner syndrome, coarctation of aorta, renovascular hypertension.