The reaction of sodium sulfide and thiols with formaldehyde and acetone in a solution of sodium hydroxide or in ethanol gave 1,1'-{3-[(alkylsulfanyl)methyl]tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3,5-diyl}dietha-nones.

Oxidation of 1,1′-[3-(methylsulfanylmethyl)tetrahydro-2-thiopyran-3,5-diyl]diethanone with equivalent amounts of potassium iodate in glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform gave the corresponding mono- and disulfoxides and disulfone, respectively. Reactions of the title compound with sodium tetrahydridoborate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride afforded mono- and dihydroxy derivatives and monooxime, respectively.

On the basis of products of synthesis of tret-dodecylmerkaptane by alkylthiomethylation of propane-2-one the haih-molecular concentrates of γ-ketosulphides and their derivatives γ-hydroxysulphides, γ-ketosulhoxides and γ-hydroxysulpoxides are received.

γ-Ketosulfides and their derivatives γ-hydroxysulfides, sulfoxides, sulfur-containing 1,3-dioxolanes, and alkylthiooximes were obtained on the basis of natural mercaptans. It was found that γ-hydroxy-and dihydroxysulfoxides are more stable than the corresponding γ-keto and diketosufoxides.

Comparative analyses of the chemical composition of crude and residual petroleum from the Bashkortostan Ilishewskoye oil field are made. The groups of asphaltenes, neutral and sour resins, sum of paraffin-naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained in identical conditions by selectively separation from the petroleums. The structure-group composition of sulfur organic compounds in the concentrate extracted by sulfolane from the crude petroleum is found and identified by the technique of chromatography mass spectrometry of 18 benso-, dibensothiophenes structures and two disulfides.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Methyl vinyl ketone reaction with sodium C-1-C-3 mercaptides of a spent sulfide-alkaline solution at 20degreesC was found to yield 5-thiahexan-2-one (80%) and 5-thiaheptan-2-one (2%). The addition of formaldehyde gives mainly 1,1-bis(methylthiomethyl)propanone (62%) and 6-thia-4-hepten-2-one (18%). Increasing reaction temperature (50degreesC) and sodium hydroxide concentration in the reaction medium results in the formation of sulfur compounds with a higher molecular mass.

It was found that the treatment of saturated gamma-ketosulfide concentrates with an industrial aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide at 20degreesC results in their oxidation and oxidative chlorination. The oxidation of the saturated gamma-ketosulfide concentrates was nonselective, regardless of the mode of oxidant supply. The products were obtained as a mixture of y-ketosulfoxides, -sulfones, and -sulfochlorides, with their quantitative ratio depending on the reaction conditions and the composition of gamma-ketosulfide concentrates. The total conversion of gamma-ketosulfides ranged from 51.0 to 97.0% (rel.) at a chlorine dioxide consumption of 0.5-2.0 mol per mol of sulfur.

Saturated ketosulfides were selectively oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to corresponding ketosulfoxides at 20 degrees C in the absence of a catalyst. The conversion of sulfide to sulfoxide sulfur was 89-91.6 rel. %. Ketosulfoxides were found to disproportionate at room temperature with C-S bond cleavage and formation of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and sulfenic acids.

Products containing 85.4-92.7 rel. % ketosulfones were obtained by oxidation of ketosulfide concentrates with hydrogen peroxide at 20 degrees C. Ketosulfones were found to be stable at room temperature in contrast to ketosulfoxides.

A study has been made of the composition and structure of organosulphur compounds of 50 degree 400-540 degrees C distillates of Orenburg crude oil. The organosulphur compounds are mainly benzo- and dibenzothiophene derivatives with a degree of hydrogen non-saturation of up to 22 and 34 respectively and with saturated cyclic sulphides, The quantitative distribution of the homologous groups of compounds that are present has been established, and their cyclicity and degree of substitution and the length and structure of the radicals have been assessed. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Data on the composition of organosulphur compounds and hydrocarbons of the 450-540-degrees-C distillates and >540-degrees-C residues of Orenburg, industrial West Siberian and Usa crude oils have been compiled and generalized, and their quantitative content has been assessed. It has been established that the main sulphur-containing components of these distillates are benzothiophenes and thiacycloalkanes for sulphide-type oil (West Siberian), thiacycloalkanes and polycyclic thiophene compounds for thiophenic oil (Usa) and benzothiophenes and polycyclic thiophenes for mercaptan-type oil (Orenburg). In hydrocarbon composition, the 450-540-degrees-C distillates of West Siberian and Usa crude oils are naphthenic-aromatic, while those of Orenburg crude oil are paraffinic-aromatic.

Preoperative clinics are an increasingly common mechanism for preoperative evaluation. Factors predicting prolonged visit times are poorly understood. Our objective was to identify patient factors that would allow non-medically trained staff to determine appropriate scheduling needs.At the preoperative assessment center of a tertiary care hospital, patient data were prospectively collected on 25 risk factors hypothesized to be related to a prolonged visit length, defined as greater than the unit benchmark of 75 min. The association between these risk factors and prolonged visit length was assessed.Data were collected on 1053 patients seen at the preoperative center over a two month period. The median patient age was 58 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 47, 67). A total of 446 patients (42%) had a prolonged visit length. Significant multivariate predictors of a prolonged visit length were: age greater than 80 years (p = 0.003), taking >6 prescription medications (p = 0.0002), functional status of <3 metabolic equivalents (p = 0.002), currently having > 3 medical providers (p = 0.0005), inability to explain details of one's medical history (p = 0.001), and planned ICU postoperative stay (p = 0.0004).Predictors of prolonged visit length include factors that can be obtained prior to the date of evaluation. Scheduling models integrating such predictors into workflow processes have the potential to improve patient care and allow for more efficient use of resources for the preoperative assessment.