Adherence to proper indications for red blood cells (RBC) transfusion is essential because of its potential adverse effects and costs of therapy. Aim of these recommendations is to summarize typed of RBC concentrates and indications for RBC transfusions among different categories of the patients. Methods. The methodological approaches are based on the recommendations of the Russian expert council (leading specialists of the Russian Federation) and literature search for randomized clinical trials evaluating RBC storage duration, hemoglobin thresholds and clinical indications for RBC transfusion without language restrictions. Results. The draft clinical guidelines were reviewed on February 1, 2018 at First Russian Transfusiology Congress of the (Vladivostok). The main types of RBC concentrates, storage duration, transport conditions and indications for RBC transfusions are presented. The indications for RBC transfusions are analyzed for various clinical conditions (in obstetrics, neonatology, hematology, cardiology, neurosurgery, nephrology, in patients with sepsis and septic shock, patients with acute blood loss, in patients after hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation). Conclusion. The recommendations are intended for doctors of various specialties, health administrators, medical students.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a very rare but potentially lethal complication occurring after blood components transfusion. Goal of the article: to analyze the literature describing this complication. TA-GvHD can develop due to several factors: quantity and viability of lymphocytes, contained in the transfused blood component, responsiveness of the patient's immune system to replantation of donor lymphocytes and degree of immunological HLA-homology between the donor and the recipient. History and epidemiology of this fatal syndrome, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and therapy have been reviewed. It has been shown that the main prevention techniques include abstaining from blood components transfusion collected from close relatives and using special irradiation modes, suppressing proliferation of the donor's lymphocytes. Conclusion: Doctors performing blood components transfusion should note that post-transfusion reaction development in the variant of graft-versus-host might develop in order to provide timely diagnostics and to start the specific treatment of this complication.

Adherence to proper indications for red blood cells (RBC) transfusion is essential because of its potential adverse effects and costs of therapy. Aim of these recommendations is to summarize typed of RBC concentrates and indications for RBC transfusions among different categories of the patients. Methods. The methodological approaches are based on the recommendations of the Russian expert council (leading specialists of the Russian Federation) and literature search for randomized clinical trials evaluating RBC storage duration, hemoglobin thresholds and clinical indications for RBC transfusion without language restrictions. Results. The draft clinical guidelines were reviewed on February 1, 2018 at First Russian Transfusiology Congress of the (Vladivostok). The main types of RBC concentrates, storage duration, transport conditions and indications for RBC transfusions are presented. The indications for RBC transfusions are analyzed for various clinical conditions (in obstetrics, neonatology, hematology, cardiology, neurosurgery, nephrology, in patients with sepsis and septic shock, patients with acute blood loss, in patients after hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation). Conclusion. The recommendations are intended for doctors of various specialties, health administrators, medical students.

Introduction. AB0-incompatibility in different types of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be an additional aggravating factor for the development of immunological complications and decrease treatment efficacy. Materials and methods. From May 1999 to December 2015 in R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation 1131 patients with malignancies and hereditary diseases were included to the study, which were performed 1428 allogeneic HSCT: allogeneic unrelated – 814 (57.0 %), allogeneic related – 344 (24.1 %), haploidentical – 267 (18.7 %), umbilical cord blood in 3 patients (0.2 %). Age was 0–76 years, median – 25 years. Results. In 54.6 % of cases (n = 780) АВ0-incompatibility was determined: major – 37.8 % (n = 295); minor – 45.4 % (n = 354); combined – 16.8 % (n = 131). АВ0-incompatibility in allogeneic HSCT did not influence overall survival (p = 0.56), frequency of acute graftversus-host disease (GVHD) (p = 0.2). There was an increased frequency of acute GVHD in combination with reduced intensity conditioning regimens and АВ0-incompatibility (30.8 %) compared with myeloablative regimens (15.3 %; p = 0.002). Conclusion. The presence of АВ0-incompatibility is not a limiting factor to perform allogeneic HSCT, however, it demands high quality prophylaxis and sophisticated transfusion therapy to prevent immune complications.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with hematological malignancies, inherited diseases and solid tumors. To perform the transplantation, you must have HLA-compatible bone marrow donor. Only 10–15 % of Russians can be found a related donor, which requires a search for alternative unrelated donor at the international registry. Search in the international registry is associated with significant financial costs and long term activation of the donor. Creation of a unified Russian registry of bone marrow donors and online data base – “Bone Marrow Donor Search” (www.bmds.info) will help to reduce the cost and increase the availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure for Russian citizens. First results of the donor bone marrow registry, based on Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation has shown its effectiveness and relevance among transplant centers in Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.