Objective of the study . Optimization of transfusion support of abdominal delivery in pregnant women at risk of obstetric haemorrhage using monitored management of haemostasis disorders. Study materials. The study group consisted of 24 women of 23-47 years old with abnormal placental invasion (API) and bleeding during caesarean section at a gestational age of 32-36 weeks. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients, who were injected with tranexamic acid as part of combined therapy; Group 2 consisted of 10 women, who were injected with aminomethylbenzoic acid as part of combined therapy. Results. All patients received instrumental autoerythrocyte reinfusion. Three patients of Group 1 (21.4%) with refractory bleeding received recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (Coagil, Russia) at a dose of 60 pg/kg body weight (average dose 6.6 ± 1.4 mg), a decrease in bleeding was observed, the operative treatment was completed in the form of metroplasty. In the early stages of bleeding, eight patients were injected with a prothrombin complex concentrate of 600-1,200 IU before administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), which allowed to reduce the volume of donor FFP in these patients. The study of hemostasis showed a very high inverse relationship between extent of blood loss and fibrinogen level in the groups of patients. Conclusion. The use of factor VIIa in refractory major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH) in patients with API allows to reduce the blood loss, perform metroplasty, and preserve the woman’s fertility. Patient blood management (PCM) in pregnant women with API makes it possible to conduct organ-preserving treatment in 91.7% of women.

Adherence to proper indications for red blood cells (RBC) transfusion is essential because of its potential adverse effects and costs of therapy. Aim of these recommendations is to summarize typed of RBC concentrates and indications for RBC transfusions among different categories of the patients. Methods. The methodological approaches are based on the recommendations of the Russian expert council (leading specialists of the Russian Federation) and literature search for randomized clinical trials evaluating RBC storage duration, hemoglobin thresholds and clinical indications for RBC transfusion without language restrictions. Results. The draft clinical guidelines were reviewed on February 1, 2018 at First Russian Transfusiology Congress of the (Vladivostok). The main types of RBC concentrates, storage duration, transport conditions and indications for RBC transfusions are presented. The indications for RBC transfusions are analyzed for various clinical conditions (in obstetrics, neonatology, hematology, cardiology, neurosurgery, nephrology, in patients with sepsis and septic shock, patients with acute blood loss, in patients after hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation). Conclusion. The recommendations are intended for doctors of various specialties, health administrators, medical students.

Placenta accreta is one of the most severe anomalies of attachment, due to the high risk of massive bleeding. At present, the paradigm of organ-preserving delivery is laid. The implementation of this tactic is possible in the context of the introduction into the obstetric practice of patient blood management (PBM). Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of blood preservation methods in the management and delivery of pregnant women with placenta placenta accrete. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women with placenta accreta in age from 20 to 40 years old (32,43 ± 5,05), who were examined in «Scientific Medical Research Center of Obstetrics”. Clinical, special (ultrasound and magnetic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging) and laboratory methods were used. A program of preparation for delivery was developed using the principles of the PBM: treating anemia at the preoperative stage; a multidisciplinary operating team was prepared (two obstetricians, a surgeon, anesthesiologist and resuscitator, anesthetist, transfusionist, physician, who provides work for Cell Saver, laboratory assistant). Operational tactics included a bottom cesarean section using one of the methods of surgical prevention and arrest of bleeding - bilateral ligation of the internal iliac arteries (1st group) (19 women), temporary stop of blood flow in common iliac artery by means of vascular clamps Satinsky (18 patients – 2ndgroup); bilateral overlay of turnstile harnesses on the base of the wide ligaments and the cervical-neck area, supplemented by a controlled balloon tamponade of the uterus (22 patients – 3rd d group). The operation was carried out under conditions of intraoperative reinfusion of autoerythrocytes on the apparatus “Cell-Saver 5”, donor FFP and erythrocyte component, tranexam preparations, rFVIIa (KoagilVII) were administered. In 80% of women, operations were performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Results: the lowest blood loss was detected in the 3rd group with compression complex hemostasis: 1286 ± 510 ml. Accordingly, the volumes of infusion and transfusion therapy were also the smallest in this group. The volume of reinfused autoerythrocytes ranged from 260 ml to 1420 ml and averaged 801,7 ± 414,18 ml with a hematocrit of 55-60%. Donor erythrocytes were transfused to only 27 patients in an average volume of 785,1 ± 134,2 ml. rFVIIa (Koagil) was administered to four patients: three from the first group and one from the second group: a significant decrease in the speed and volume of bleeding was noted, and he performed an organ-sparing operation. Hysterectomy was performed on five women (8,77%). In the postoperative period was carried out antianemic therapy. The hospital stay averaged 7,9 ± 1,8 days. Conclusion: The special role in the management and delivery of pregnant with placenta accreta plays the use of various PBM techniques , which include rational therapy of preoperative and postoperative anemia with modern iron preparations, rational surgical tactics, red blood cell autotransfusion, use of modern hemostatic agents and blood substitutes. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to this problem allows reducing blood loss, minimizing the volume of donor blood components and implementing organ-preserving tactics in a significant number of women.

В статье отражены основные положения клинических рекомендаций по профилактике, анестезии и интенсивной терапии при послеродовых кровотечениях. Последовательно представлены основные факторы риска, возможные осложнения, принципы клинической и лабораторной диагностики при данной патологии. Особое внимание уделено вопросам инфузионной, трансфузионной терапии и коррекции коагулопатических нарушений. Обсуждены проблемы оценки величины кровопотери, диагностики нарушений системы гемостаза, регуляции гемодинамики при геморрагическом шоке. Обосновано применение рекомбинантных факторов свертывания крови при коагулопатии на фоне массивной кровопотери.

Changes in cell composition and viability as well as the content and functional activity of hemopoietic progenitor cells were analyzed during long-term (up to 1 month at 4°C) storage of human umbilical cord blood cells. No significant quantitative changes in erythrocytes were found during this period. The total content and viability of leukocytes changed, which resulted in the prevalence of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes). Analysis of functional activity of hemopoietic stem cells in semisolid culture revealed a decrease in the relative content of CFU during the first week of culturing and inability of cells to colony formation after 2 weeks.

The article presents a clinical investigation of two incidents of Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) which have occurred after the fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion in puerperant. According to evidence, when in timely diagnosed, the TRALI treatment is not complicated and lies in symptomatic lung oedema treatment. The incidence of TRALI in V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Perinatology is estimated as 1 event out of the 699.5 transfused FFP doses per year. Among of the most promising methods of reducing the risk of TRALI and other transfusion related complications are: reduction of donor blood transfusion, introduction of autohaemodonorship and education of physicians working in obstetrics.

The paper deals with the development and use of original adequate transfusion-infusion programs to compensate for blood loss in abdominal hysterectomies for uterine myomas of varying sizes, by applying the current blood-supplying technologies that permit avoidance of transfusion of donor blood components. Four blood loss-replenishing programs in abdominal hysterectomy for large-sized myomas were studied for impact on the basic functions in premenopasal women. These included: (1) preoperative blood storage of blood autocomponents; (2) normovolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution being used as a dilutant; (3) administration of HES solutions as an independent solution compensating for blood loss, and (4) intraoperative reinfusion of autoerythrocytes. The proposed transfusion-infusion programs in abdominal hysterectomy for large-sized myomas by applying blood-preserving methods are effective in avoiding the use of donor blood components and accordingly in reducing the frequency of complications associated with transfusions of donor blood components, and improving the postoperative period.