Granuleznye kletki pitayut i zashchishchayut oocit vo vremya ego sozrevaniya. Izvestno, chto abberantnyj apoptoz v etih kletkah mozhet privesti k narusheniyu oogeneza. Na sovremennom urovne znanij net ischerpyvayushchej informacii o vliyanii ekstragenital'nogo vospaleniya na apoptoz v granuleznyh kletkah, chto stanovitsya aktual'noj problemoj iz-za rasprostraneniya vospalitel'nyh zabolevanij i rosta besplodiya u zhenshchin. Cel' issledovaniya — ocenit' uroven' apoptoza granuleznyh kletok u zhenshchin s narusheniem reproduktivnoj funkcii, imeyushchih v anamneze hronicheskie zabolevaniya dyhatel'noj i/ili pishchevaritel'noj sistem vospalitel'nogo geneza, a takzhe opredelit' nalichie vzaimosvyazi mezhdu izuchaemym parametrom i reproduktivnoj disfunkciej v issleduemoj gruppe. Issledovali obrazcy granuleznyh kletok 60 zhenshchin, imeyushchih patologiyu vospalitel'nogo geneza dyhatel'noj i/ili pishchevaritel'noj sistem v anamneze, prohodivshih lechenie besplodiya metodami EKO s 2021 po 2022 g. Obrazcy kletok byli sobrany iz follikulyarnoj zhidkosti, poluchennoj vo vremya transvaginal'noj punkcii preovulyatornyh follikulov. Ocenku apoptoza provodili metodom protochnoj citometrii. Dlya statisticheskogo analiza ispol'zovali F-kriterij Fishera i kriterij Kraskela–Uollisa. Ustanovleno, chto u zhenshchin bez ekstragenital'noj patologii v anamneze (n = 20) uroven' apoptoza granuleznyh kletok sostavil 0,0088 ± 0,0062%, chto dostoverno nizhe, chem u zhenshchin gruppy s vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniyami pishchevaritel'noj sistemy v anamneze (n = 20) — 0,0140 ± 0,0099% (p = 0,015) i gruppy zhenshchin s vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniyami dyhatel'noj sistemy v anamneze — 0,0650 ± 0,0391% (p = 0,033), a rezul'tativnost' EKO byla vyshe u predstavitel'nic pervoj gruppy.

Granulosa cells feed the oocyte during its maturation and protect it. Aberrant apoptosis in these cells is known to ultimately impair oogenesis. The current knowledge of how extragenital inflammation affects apoptosis in granulosa cells is incomprehensive, which is the root of an urgent problem connected to the spread of inflammatory diseases and the growing level of female infertility. This study aimed to assess the intensity of granulosa cell apoptosis in women with impaired reproductive function that suffer from chronic respiratory and/or digestive system diseases of inflammatory origin, and to identify the link, if any, between the studied factor and dysfunction of the reproductive system in the test group. The group included 60 women with a history of respiratory and/or digestive system inflammatory pathology that underwent IVF in 2021–2022. The women were donors of the granulosa cells from the follicular fluid collected through transvaginal puncture of preovulatory follicles. We studied the apoptosis process with the help of flow cytometry. For statistical analysis, we used the Fisher's F-test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Twenty participants without extragenital pathology in their medical histories, the first subgroup, had the level of apoptosis in granulosa cells at 0.0088 ± 0.0062%, which is significantly lower than in twenty donors with a history of chronic inflammatory digestive system diseases, the second subgroup (granulosa cell apoptosis at 0.0140 ± 0.0099%, p = 0.015), and the subgroup of women suffering from inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (granulosa cell apoptosis at 0.0650 ± 0.0391%, p = 0.033); the efficacy of IVF was higher in the first subgroup.

Блефарофимоз-птоз-эпикантус-синдром (blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus syndrome — BPES) — редкий (1:50 000 родов) генетический аутосомно-доминантный синдром, основными проявлениями которого являются блефарофимоз, птоз, эпикантус. Известно два клинических варианта BPES: с нарушением функции яичников, которое проявляется их преждевременным истощением, бесплодием, гипергонадотропной аменореей, и без нарушения функции яичников. Молекулярно-генетической основой синдрома является полиморфизм гена FOXL2, локализованного в длинном плече 3-й хромосомы. Мутация гена FOXL2 описана как одна из генетических форм преждевременной недостаточности яичников. В статье представлено два клинических варианта BPES у молодых женщин, обратившихся в клинику репродукции по поводу планирования беременности. Приведены анамнезы, результаты лабораторных и инструментальных исследований пациенток, а также рассмотрены факторы, затрудняющие диагностику синдрома.

Aim: to assess an effect of medicinal magnesium-containing composition on gelatinase B expression intensity and morphological parameters of chronic experimental endometrial inflammation.Materials and Methods. There were conducted experiments with 60 sexually mature female Wistar rats to determine an effect of medicinal magnesium-containing composition (contains magnesium chloride – a natural polymineral Bischofite) on gelatinase B activity in endometrial tissues (counting number of gelatinase-B-positive cells and intensity of gelatinase B expression), morphological parameters of cell infiltration, as well as amount of magnesium in red blood cell mass collected from the inferior vena cava and subclavian vein. All such parameters were assessed in experimental animals from 4 groups: group 1 – animals in baseline state, group 2 – control, group 3 – experimental chronic endometritis (CE), group 4 – experimental CE after treatment with medicinal magnesium-containing composition. Results. It was found that use of medicinal magnesium-containing composition increased amount of erythrocyte magnesium up to the baseline level and increased both number and expression intensity of stromal gelatinase B-positive cells. In addition, magnesium level in erythrocyte mass from the inferior vena cava was increased and accompanied with restored eosinophil-plasmacyte as well as significantly elevated macrophage-lymphocyte infiltration in endometrial tissues compared to CE animals lacking therapy. Conclusion. The results of this study allow us to conclude about importance of gelatinase B in pathogenesis of experimental chronic endometrial inflammation as well as an opportunity of regulating gelatinase B activity by applying medicinal magnesium containing drug in pathogenetic therapy of experimental CE.

The results of an in vivo pathoanatomical differential diagnosis of primary acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate and benign lesions of the prostate gland were analyzed using a transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland using an optimized panel of antibodies to high-molecular cytokeratins (clone 34E12), protein P63, AMACR, PSA and/or PSRA. The greatest diagnostic informativity of the basal cell differentiation marker of the columnar prostate epithelial cells was shown. The use of this set of biomarkers contributes to the establishment of a correct diagnosis and, in addition to the routine morphological examination of the biopsy material, can be recommended for carrying out an intravital pathologic anatomic differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.

МАГНИЕВЫЙ БАЛАНС В ОРГАНИЗМЕ ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ ПАНКРЕАТИТЕ У КРЫС С ИСХОДНОЙ НОРМО-И ГИПОМАГНИГИСТИЕЙ Л.Н. Рогова

In the present study morphological parameters of experimental osteoarthritis development were determined and the chondroprotective function of intraarticular injection of high-molecular preparation of hyaluronic acid and autologous platelet mass was evaluated.

The retinas of white male laboratory rats of two age groups (12 and 24 months; 10 animals in each group) subjected to chronic combined stress were studied. Animals were subjected to stress by simultaneous exposure to pulsatile light, loud noise, shaking, and movement restriction for 30 min/day for seven days. Controls consisted of retinas from intact rats of the same age (n = 20). Enucleated eyes from stressed and control animals were processed by standard histological methods; sections were stained by the Nissl method and with hematoxylin and eosin. Retinas from stressed animals of both age groups were characterized by decreases in the numbers of cells and deranged ordering of cell layers, most marked in the photoreceptor neuron and ganglion cell layers. Morphometric analysis demonstrated decreases in layer thicknesses and the numerical densities of cells in the retinas of stressed animals, both young (12 months) and old (24 months), as compared with control animals.

МЕТАЛЛОПРОТЕИНАЗЫ 1 И 13 КАК МАРКЕРЫ ДЕСТРУКТИВНО-ПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНОГО ПРОЦЕССА СУСТАВНОГО ХРЯЩА ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ ОСТЕОАРТРОЗЕ С. А. Демкин 1 , Д.

The article discusses the role of gelatinase B positive cell expression in the pathogenesis of experimentally-induced chronic inflammation of the endometrium. The study of white female Wistar rats with experimentally-induced endometrial inflammation showed a reduction in the specific number and intensity of gelatinase B positive cell expression in the glandular epithelium and, to a larger extent, in the cellular stroma. Gelatinase B has been reported to play a role in chronization of inflammation.

We evaluated the morphological changes in the knee hyaline cartilage in 30 Wistar mature rats with experimental knee osteoarthritis after intraarticular platelet-rich autoplasma therapy. Knee osteoarthritis has been shown to involve damage and destruction of the articular cartilage associated with vascular proliferation and granulomatous inflammation. The use of intraarticular platelet-rich autoplasma therapy resulted in a reduction of degenerative and dystrophic changes in the cartilage, an improvement of the tinctorial properties of the articular matrix.

According to current concepts, the influence of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and high molecular hyaluronates (HA) on the repair of hyaline cartilage during its inflammatory and degenerative changes has been insufficiently studied yet. The objective of the work was to evaluate the morphological changes in the structure of hyaline cartilage in experimental osteoarthritis after intra-articular injection of PRP and/or HA. Material and methods. The authors used 50 adult rats of Wistar line, weighing 250±2,2 g., distributed into five groups of 10 animals (two control and three experimental groups). An experimental gonarthosis was simulated on four groups of animals. Animals of the first experimental group received intra-articular injection of PRP, the second group – HA, the third – both PRP and HA. Results. No morphological signs of degenerative and inflammatory changes in the first control group were identified. Following osteoarthritis simulation the articular cartilage thinned to 121±20,4 microns (p<0,05) and the volume fraction of chondrocyte decreased to 1,2±0,6% (p<0,05). The authors observed an uneven coloration of collagen fibers with severe tinctorial properties disorder of the articular cartilage matrix. After the RPR introduction the authors observed tickening of the articular cartilage up to 275±18,9 micron (p<0,05) and the volume fraction of chondrocytes up to 18,4±2,0% (p<0,05). The contour of the cartilage surface became smoother with the formation of a cell-free zone. Collagen fibers demonstrated a uniform distribution, tinctorial properties of cartilage matrix in all areas were preserved, no signs of inflammation were noted. After HA introduction the authors observed thickening of the cartilage plate up to 264±21,3 microns (p<0,05) and the volume fraction of chondrocytes up to 11,6±1,2% (p<0,05). The surface of the cartilage featured uneven contours due to multiple areas of pulping. Uneven tinctorial properties of cartilage matrix, thickness and orientation of collagen fibres were retained. No signes of inflammation were observed. After the combined consecutive application of PRP and HA cartilage thickness increased up to 268±15,3 microns (p<0,05) and the volume fraction of chondrocytes increased up to 12,7±0,9% (p<0,05). Individual portions of pulping on the cartilage surface were observed. Tinctorial properties of the cartilage matrix were preserved; the focal uneven staining of collagen fibers in the basal zone was observed. No signs of inflammation were noted. Conclusion. During osteoarthritis simulation in knee joints of experimental Wistar line rats the authors observed severe structural changes in articular hyaline cartilage including complete destruction accompanied by vascular proliferation and granulomatous inflammation. Intraarticular injections of PRP, HA as well as PRP in combination with HA during the simulation of osteoarthrosis were accompanied by a decrease in the severity of degenerative and dystrophic processes and improval of tinctorial properties of articular cartilage matrix. Sole application of PRP or consecutive application of PRP followed by HA were observed as having the more significant reparative effect on articular cartilage as compared to HA.