On the basis on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carbonized fibers were produced in the form of a complex technical thread with tensile strength above 200 MPa and specific electrical conductivity of at least 0.5 S/cm. Using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, Raman scattering, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, structures of these fibers were characterized. The structural parameters of carbonized PVA fibers are close to the parameters of carbonized coal tar pitch obtained by heat treatment at 1000°C. The structure and properties of carbonized fibers modified with potassium bisulfate were also studied.

На основе поливинилового спирта получили карбонизованные волокна в виде комплексной технической нити с разрывной прочностью выше 200 МПа и удельной электропроводностью не менее 0,5 См/см. С помощью термогравиметрического и дифференциально-термического анализа, методов Рамановского рассеяния и рентгеновской дифракции в больших углах рассеяния охарактеризовали структуры этих волокон. Структурные параметры карбонизованных ПВС-волокон близки к параметрам карбонизованного каменноугольного пека, полученного термообработкой при 1000 °C. Также исследовали структуру и свойства карбонизованных волокон, модифицированных бисульфатом калия.

Electrically conducting samples of polymer composites of different compositions based on the reactor powder of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a special morphology filled with fine powders of graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and electrically conducting carbon black (CB) are investigated. Strengthened oriented electrically conductive polymer composites possessing high tensile strength and conductivity values are obtained by the compaction of mechanical mixtures of the polymer and fillers powders, followed by the uniaxial deformation of materials under homogeneous shear conditions. Changes in the electrical conductivity of oriented composite materials during reversible "tension-contraction" cycles along the orientation axis direction are studied. The influence of the type of nanosized carbon filler on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of strengthened conductive composites oriented under homogeneous shear conditions is investigated.

The structure and mechanical properties of polymer-nanodiamond composites based on block-copolymer polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene have been studied. It is revealed that, if either the nanodiamonds produced by detonation synthesis or the nanodiamond soot are introduced into block-copolymer thermoelastoplastic, the mechanical performances of the modified polymer matrix change significantly. It is shown that the optimal content (according to the modifying effect) of the nanodiamond soot in polymer composite is about 8–10% by weight. It is found that the spatial distribution of nanodiamond particles in the polymeric matrix of thermoelastoplastic is determinative in modifying the properties of polymeric nanocomposite. Ways to use the examined polymer-nanodiamond composites are discussed. The obtained results are important for the technological development of modified large-scale polymers, high-strength adhesives, glues and molten adhesives, and impact-resistant plastics.

A comparative study of the structure and mechanical and thermal characteristics of nanocomposite oriented fibers based on poly(vinyl alcohol) impregnated with the nanodiamonds prepared by detonation synthesis and fibers based on the initial unmodified polymer has been performed. The conditions and regimes of gel spinning of the nanocomposite fibers containing highly dispersed nanosized filler without its aggregation are defined. The introduction of nanosized filler particles up to 7 vol % is found to entail no marked changes in the temperature intervals of glass transition and melting in the corresponding DSC thermograms. In this case, the amorphous-crystalline structure of the matrix polymer likewise remains practically unchanged. Under the selected conditions of gel spinning, the resultant nanocomposite fibers with comparable draw ratios are characterized by a higher longitudinal elastic modulus, close values of breaking strength, and lower values of elongation at break as compared with those observed for the fibers based on the initial unmodified polymer. The nanomodified fibers show promise as reinforcing elements in construction materials for various purposes.