This article describes the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Sakha Republic's population selected for screening studies and presents an assessment of the results of the Onkopoisk. Sakha (mass screening tests) pilot project. Screening is carried out for six types of malignant neoplasms that are an important problem for regional healthcare. In the course of screening, we carried out 12,826 tests and identified 21 cases of malignant neoplasms and 51 cases of precancerous conditions. The proportion of patients with stage 0-2 malignant processes was 62%. Preliminary results of Onkopoisk.Sakha demonstrated how it can be useful in screening and early diagnosis of cancer in the Sakha Republic. This screening program using online platforms complements other activities of medical examinations and preventive examinations and is in demand because it meets the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological safety and saves resources.

The aim: to determine the duration of drug presence in the parenchyma, introduced into the edge of resection and fixed with a hemostatic suture. Materials and methods. The present study is based on the results of 13 experimental operations on patients with malignant neoplasms of the renal parenchyma. A dynamic assessment of the content of contrast agents at the edge of the resection, after their introduction through the renal artery, was performed. Results and discussion. Transarterial injection of a contrast agent into the renal parenchyma and its subsequent fixation at the edge of resection with a hemostatic suture, maintains a high concentration of the drug for a week after surgery Conclusion. The presence of high concentrations of the targeted drug at the margin of the kidney resection in the early postoperative period will create an additional barrier of anti-contraction protection.

The purpose: to assess the saturation of the surgical margin of the kidney resection with a chemotherapy drug in order to determine the effectiveness of targeted balloon chemoembolization during the resection of parenchymal organ for preventing tumor recurrence. The data obtained clearly demonstrated the prolonged fixation of the marker in the tissues of the surgical edge of the resected organ. Transarterial balloon embolization with a targeted drug for resection of the parenchymal organ may be effective for preventing tumor recurrence due to the duration of high concentrations in the surgical margin.

The paper reports a study of changes in the indicators of the glutathione system in patients with lung cancer and those without cancer. The ethnic characteristics of the total enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and the concentration of reduced glutathione are considered.

The analysis of hydrochemical factors of the environment with the purpose of finding out the degree of their influence on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the population living in extreme conditions of the Far North has been carried out.

For the first time the search of polymorphic options of a gene of NAT2 associated with the development of lung cancer in Yakutia has been carried out. Genetic markers of the increased and lowered risk of development of lung cancerin the Yakuts have been revealed. It is established that markers of the increased risk of development of lung cancer for the Yakuts are the allele of NAT2*857A and a genotype of NAT2*857G/A, markers of the lowered risk - NAT2*857G allele, NAT2*857G/G genotype.

Analysis results of 6865 cases of lung cancer morbidity in the territory of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) in the period of 1991-2010 are presented. Most of them are men-4789(69.8%), women-2076 (30.2%). Populational, territorial and temporal regularities are found out.

In the last decade, molecularly-targeted therapy is the most intensively developing treatment modalities in oncology. The main targets for this therapy are many elements of apoptosis signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation, the damage of which is associated with a malignant growth. One of the available molecular targets is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which activation occurs in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck , breast cancer, melanomas, etc. To block oncogenic EGFR signaling, target drug as small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, peptide associated cytotoxins and antiEGFR monoclonal antibodies were created. However, there are a number of studies (FLEX, SATURN, INTEREST, IPASS), where the expected and observed clinical cure rates of target drugs are not the same, including primary goal - increasing time to tumor progression. As the cause of inconsistency of treatment results may be lack the selection of patients with the additional molecular damages (mutations or genetic polymorphisms), providing the sensitivity and /or resistance to therapeutic agent. The most important reason for discrepancy between the real and the expected treatment effect of target drugs is the phenomenon of intratumoral heterogeneity, that is manifested as coexist of cells with different biological properties, due to genetic, epigenetic, phenotypic peculiarities of tumor clones within the tumor. Search for new driver targets and the creation of drugs directed against them, development of multitarget approach are perspective to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapy. In addition, it is important to use molecular testing to monitor the treatment efficacy, because therapy can drive the tumor clonal evolution, leading to the emergence of resistant cell clones.

Analyzed results of 1780 morbidities with lymphatic and blood-forming tissue malignant tumours of the Republic Sakha population in the period of 1991-2010 are presented. Most of them 968 (54.4%) are men and 812 (45.6%) are women. Morbidity of men and women of all ages with hemoblastosis had a tendency to increase. Populous, territorial and temporal morbidity regularities are set up.

Effect of anthropogenic and technogenic environment influence and social-economic factors on malignant neoplasm among the population living in the severe arctic conditions has been analyzed.

In the last decade, molecularly-targeted therapy is the most intensively developing treatment modalities in oncology. The main targets for this therapy are many elements of apoptosis signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation, the damage of which is associated with a malignant growth. One of the available molecular targets is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which activation occurs in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck , breast cancer, melanomas, etc. To block oncogenic EGFR signaling, target drug as small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, peptide associated cytotoxins and antiEGFR monoclonal antibodies were created. However, there are a number of studies (FLEX, SATURN, INTEREST, IPASS), where the expected and observed clinical cure rates of target drugs are not the same, including primary goal - increasing time to tumor progression. As the cause of inconsistency of treatment results may be lack the selection of patients with the additional molecular damages (mutations or genetic polymorphisms), providing the sensitivity and /or resistance to therapeutic agent. The most important reason for discrepancy between the real and the expected treatment effect of target drugs is the phenomenon of intratumoral heterogeneity, that is manifested as coexist of cells with different biological properties, due to genetic, epigenetic, phenotypic peculiarities of tumor clones within the tumor. Search for new driver targets and the creation of drugs directed against them, development of multitarget approach are perspective to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapy. In addition, it is important to use molecular testing to monitor the treatment efficacy, because therapy can drive the tumor clonal evolution, leading to the emergence of resistant cell clones.

A DNA polymorphism is one of the most important factors determining individual variations in patients' responses to the same medicinal preparations. This work deals with assessment of associations between polymorphisms of 106 genes involved in key processes of cellular activity (xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair, the cell cycle, and the regulation of apoptosis) and the outcomes of a cisplatin-based chemotherapy in a cohort of ovarian-cancer patients from Yakutia. The CDKN1B gene polymorphism (rs34330) has been found to be associated with the frequency of complete remissions. The allelic status of this locus was also shown to be significant for progression-free survival. The allelic status at the EPXH1 gene loci (rs2234922 and rs2260863) correlated with impairments in hearing, while the NBN gene polymorphism (rs1063045) was associated with severe emesis.

This paper presents the results of glutathione study in the patients with lung cancer. 40 patients with lung cancer admitted to the Yakut Republican Oncology dispensary with lung cancer diagnosis were examined. The control group of 60 patients was matched for age, sex and ethnicity. The main criterion for the selection of control group was absence of oncologic diseases. Research material was venous blood taken from the ulnar veins.The intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids was determined by the spectrophotometric methods on accumulation TBA - active products (TBA-AP). The antioxidant defense quotients were determined by the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, concentration of reduced glutathione.The results show the intensification of free radical oxidation of lipids and depletion of glutathione system in the organism.

The response to chemotherapy and CYP2E1 polymorphism gene in groups of ovarian cancer patients and healthy women of Yakut ethnic group was analyzed. Significant differences in the frequency of allele CYP2E1 * 1D (96 bp insertion in the promoter region of the gene) were revealed. The higher content was observed in the group of healthy women.

The CYP2E1 gene polymorphism has been studied in Yakut women with ovarian cancer and without cancer. The two groups have been found to substantially differ in the frequency of the CYP2E1* 1D allele (with a 96-bp insertion in the promoter region of the gene): it is more frequent in healthy women (16.3 versus 7.4%, P = 0.007).

Analysis, which main purpose was to explain the magnitude of the effect of some the most socially significant factors on the dynamics of the breast cancer morbidity in the RS (Y), is done.